Lymphocytic infiltration was present in about half of the specimens. No specimens showed either stromal fibrosis or parenchymal atrophy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Hypervascularisation is not present. [intechopen.com]

Recognition of the association between iodine excess and iodine -induced hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism is important in the differential diagnosis of patients who present without a known cause of thyroid dysfunction. [journals.lww.com]

• Iodine-Induced Hyperthyroidism

  Other beneficial clinical consequences are less severe [iodine-induced hyperthyroidism] and a shorter duration of treatment of [iodine-induced hyperthyroidism], as well as longer thyroid disease-free period in patients taking amiodarone.” – by Amber Cox [healio.com]

  Dietary sources high in iodine, such as kelp, if taken in extreme abundance, can introduce too much iodine into the body and create an iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. [globalhealingcenter.com]

  If a person has been exposed to relatively little iodine and then consumes a diet rich in iodine, the individual can develop an excess production of thyroid hormone (iodine-induced hyperthyroidism ). [medicinenet.com]

  If the thyroid gland doesn't get enough iodine, hypothyroidism can result; if there's too much iodine, iodine-induced hyperthyroidism may occur. Iodine-induced thyroid conditions are the only thyroid diseases that can truly be prevented. [everydayhealth.com]

  Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism: occurrence and epidemiology. Thyroid, 8, 83–100, 1996. CrossRef Google Scholar Copyright information Authors and Affiliations Sunao Matsubayashi 1 T. Mukuta 1 H. Watanabe 2 H. Fuchigami 2 J. Taniguchi 2 M. [link.springer.com]

• Fatigue

  Likewise, hair loss, dry skin, fatigue, and weight gain are hypothyroid symptoms. Iodine in high doses will induce the Wolff-Chaikoff effect, where thyroid hormone synthesis and release stops. [tiredthyroid.com]

  The following are symptoms for hypothyroidism: Fatigue Frequent, heavy menstrual periods Forgetfulness Weight gain Dry, coarse skin and hair Hoarse voice Intolerance to cold The following are symptoms for hyperthyroidism: Irritability/nervousness Muscle [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  This can ultimately lead to symptoms such as weight loss, anxiety, fatigue, hyperactivity, and a general intolerance to heat. [globalhealingcenter.com]

  The anxiety and irritability improved, and her fatigue began to lift. Once we received her test results back, we found that Jenny had stage 3 adrenal fatigue, and two gut infections; H. pylori and Blastocystis hominis. [thyroidpharmacist.com]

• Myxedema

  10/1/2016) : No change 2018 (effective 10/1/2017) : No change 2019 (effective 10/1/2018) : No change Hypothyroidism (acquired) E03.9 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code E03.9 Hypothyroidism, unspecified 2016 2017 2018 2019 Billable/Specific Code Applicable To Myxedema [icd10data.com]

  On occasions, the “escape” or “adaptation” phenomenon does not occur, giving rise to the persistent inhibition of thyroid hormone formation, leading to hypothyroidism and goiter (myxedema). [omicsonline.org]

• Cold Intolerance

  […] investigation findings in hypothyroidism Organ system Symptoms and signs Appearance Puffy and pale facies Dry, brittle hair Sparse eyebrows Dry, cool skin Thickened and brittle nails Myxoedema – fluid infiltration of tissues Energy and nutrient metabolism Cold [racgp.org.au]

• Hoarseness

  The following are symptoms for hypothyroidism: Fatigue Frequent, heavy menstrual periods Forgetfulness Weight gain Dry, coarse skin and hair Hoarse voice Intolerance to cold The following are symptoms for hyperthyroidism: Irritability/nervousness Muscle [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Diagnosis of the disease is often delayed until the patients manifest multiple clinical symptoms of severe hypothyroidism such as fatigue, lethargy, bradycardia, constipation and hoarseness due to the absence of goitor. [japanthyroid.jp]

• Aspiration

  In the third trimester of pregnancy, TUS and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) were performed. On the TUS, two nodules (one hypoechogenic and one isoechogenic) in the right lobe were visible. [intechopen.com]

  Fine-needle aspiration cytology revealed granulomatous changes characterized by infiltration with lymphocytes and multinuclear histiocytes. [japanthyroid.jp]

• Tachycardia

  Definition / general Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication for atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, and less commonly for ischemic heart disease and congestive heart failure; also used for fetal tachycardia ( Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2008;101:619, [pathologyoutlines.com]

  Similarly, AIT should be considered if there is new onset of supraventricular arrhythmias such as atrial tachycardia or atrial fibrillation. [pmj.bmj.com]

  […] symptoms, which can make the diagnosis more difficult. 4 Thyroid storm is a rare presentation of hyperthyroidism that may occur after a stressful illness in a patient with untreated or undertreated hyperthyroidism and is characterized by delirium, severe tachycardia [aafp.org]

• Osteoporosis

  Manage Iodine Levels for Best Health Conditions like hyperthyroidism can lead to serious complications - heart problems, osteoporosis, problems with the eyes from vision to physically bulging eyes, and thyroid storm can create life-threatening situations [globalhealingcenter.com]

  There is an increased risk of developing AF and osteoporosis. [ 7 ] Patients with persistent subclinical hyperthyroidism should be referred to a specialist. [patient.info]

  Soy protein and thyroid Soy-containing foods and supplements are widely consumed for possible health benefits that include prevention of cancer, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. [jmnn.org]

  […] all-cause mortality risk, as well as increased risk of mortality from thyroid, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and hip fractures. 5, 15, 40 Morbidity can be attributed to the same causes, and patients should be screened and treated for osteoporosis [aafp.org]

• Withdrawn

  It is concluded that treatment with iodine-containing expectorants causing hypothyroidism is unwise and should be withdrawn even when the patients praise the beneficial effect of iodine on the asthma per se. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Clinical judgment should dictate whether the suspected drug should be withdrawn and how the thyroid dysfunction should be further investigated and treated. [endocrinologyadvisor.com]

  In patients with mild thyrotoxicosis and a normal underlying thyroid gland or a small goitre, the hyperthyroid state often resolves rapidly after amiodarone is withdrawn. [pmj.bmj.com]

  Limited evidence supports this approach. 8, 14, 17 It is unclear whether antithyroid drugs increase radioactive iodine failure rates. 20, 31, 32 If used, they should be withdrawn at least three days before radioactive iodine and can be restarted two to [aafp.org]

• Tremor

  […] are symptoms for hypothyroidism: Fatigue Frequent, heavy menstrual periods Forgetfulness Weight gain Dry, coarse skin and hair Hoarse voice Intolerance to cold The following are symptoms for hyperthyroidism: Irritability/nervousness Muscle weakness/tremors [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Beta-blockers can be given at time of diagnosis to improve tremor, palpitations and anxiety symptoms. Following radio-iodine therapy: FT4 and TSH should be performed every four to six weeks for at least six months. [patient.info]

  Occasionally, hypothyroidism requiring laevothyroxine substitution may result from extensive follicular damage. 38 CLINICAL FEATURES AND DIAGNOSIS Thyrotoxicosis is suspected if patients on amiodarone treatment develop unexplained weight loss, sweating, tremor [pmj.bmj.com]

  Fatigue, increased appetite, diarrhoea, nervousness, palpitations, insomnia and tremors are indicative of overtreatment. 13 These symptoms should prompt a repeat TSH level and if suppressed, a reduction in dose of thyroxine. [racgp.org.au]

  […] morbidity and cost than radioactive iodine; requires patient to be euthyroid preoperatively with antithyroid drugs or iodides to avoid thyrotoxic crisis BETA BLOCKERS Beta blockers offer prompt relief of the adrenergic symptoms of hyperthyroidism such as tremor [aafp.org]

The diagnostic workup begins with a thyroid-stimulating hormone level test. When test results are uncertain, measuring radionuclide uptake helps distinguish among possible causes. [aafp.org]

It is widely used not only in the management of thyroid nodules, but also in the diagnostic workup of thyroid dysfunction. [intechopen.com]

Three patients had an exacerbation of their asthma, while another three had no change in their asthma when the iodine treatment was discontinued and the euthyroid state subsequently restored. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Antithyroid drug treatment duration ( P = .001) as well as perchlorate treatment ( P = .002) decreased after the mandatory increase. [healio.com]

Treatment The treatment of hyperthyroidism depends on the cause and severity of the disease, as well as on the patient’s age, goiter size, comorbid conditions, and treatment desires. [aafp.org]

After oral L-thyroxine treatment the goiter disappeared. Thyroid function remained normal when treatment was discontinued after five months although iodine excretion was still 50 times higher (2.5 mg/day) than in normal age matched children. [link.springer.com]

Prognosis and Follow-up The prognosis for a patient with hyperthyroidism is good with appropriate treatment. [aafp.org]

Use Additional Use Additional Help Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10data.com]

Etiologic diagnosis influences prognosis and therapy. [aafp.org]

Following implementation of an iodine supplementation regimen, there is a shift in the epidemiology of specific thyroid diseases, as reviewed in Thyroid 1998 Dec;8(12):1179-83 Epidemiology of thyroid diseases in iodine sufficiency. [mythyroid.com]

In 1999, the mandatory iodization of kitchen salt increased from 10 mg potassium iodide to 25 mg/kg salt after an epidemiologic study in the early 1990s indicating that Slovenia was an area with mild iodine deficiency, according to the researchers. [healio.com]

Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism: occurrence and epidemiology. Thyroid, 8, 83–100, 1996. CrossRef Google Scholar Copyright information Authors and Affiliations Sunao Matsubayashi 1 T. Mukuta 1 H. Watanabe 2 H. Fuchigami 2 J. Taniguchi 2 M. [link.springer.com]

M., Hreidarsson, A., et al ( 1998 ) Iodine intake and the pattern of thyroid disorders: a comparative epidemiological study of thyroid abnormalities in the elderly in Iceland and in Jutland, Denmark. [bjp.rcpsych.org]

[…] type 2 AIT shows involuted follicles filled with desquamated vacuolated epithelial cells, scattered inflammatory infiltrate composed of foamy macrophages and lymphocytes, and fibrosis ( Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 2008;21:382, Pathol Int 2008;58:55 ) Epidemiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Int 2008;58:55 ) Epidemiology More frequent in males than in females (3:1) Occurs in 3% of patients treated with amiodarone in North America, increasing to 10% in countries with low iodine dietary intake ( NCBI - Amiodarone Induced Thyrotoxicosis ) Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Pathophysiological relevance of selenium. J Endocrinol Invest 2013;36 (Suppl 10):1-7. 14. Köhrle J, Gärtner R. Selenium and thyroid. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009;23:815-27. 15. Zimmermann MB, Köhrle J. [jmnn.org]

Interferon-α-related thyroid disease: pathophysiological, epidemiological and clinical aspects”. J Clin Endocrinol Metab.. vol. 89. 2004. pp. 3656-61. (Review of potential thyroid dysfunction associated with interferon-α use.) [endocrinologyadvisor.com]

Etiology The causes of hyperthyroidism, and key clinical features that differentiate each condition, are outlined in Table 2. 6, 7 View/Print Table TABLE 2 Common Etiology and Clinical Diagnosis of Hyperthyroidism Cause Pathophysiology Gland size* Nodularity [aafp.org]

Resources Thyroid Disease Manager is an online, regularly updated resource that includes chapters on all aspects of thyroid disorders from pathophysiology through to management: www.thyroidmanager.org The American Thyroid Association provides clinical [racgp.org.au]

This up-to-date volume explores both the effects of iodine deficiency as well as the best strategies for IDD prevention. [books.google.com]

Iodine-induced thyroid conditions are the only thyroid diseases that can truly be prevented. [everydayhealth.com]

The Wolff-Chaikoff effect is an effective means of rejecting the large quantities of iodide and therefore preventing the thyroid from synthesizing large quantities of thyroid hormones. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Congenital hypothyroidism prevention and treatment Prevention of congenital hypothyroidism involves proper iodine levels (not too little or too much), watching what kind of medications the mother takes during pregnancy, and not avoiding iodine-supplementing [belmarrahealth.com]

HOW IS IODINE DEFICIENCY PREVENTED? As with many diseases, it is better to prevent the problem rather than have to treat it. Over the last 80 years, worldwide efforts have been made to eliminate iodine deficiency. [thyroid.org]