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Isopropyl Alcohol Poisoning
Isopropanol Toxicity

Presentation

More than 70 acute pediatric presentations are covered in a signs and symptoms section designed with side tabs for easy access. [books.google.com]

If a patient presents in a coma secondary to acute alcohol toxicity and their history is unknown, 100 mg of thiamine can be administered IV to prevent or treat Wernicke’s encephalopathy. [emsworld.com]

The metabolism of both of these alcohols to their toxic metabolites may be further delayed if ethanol is present and competing for hepatic metabolism. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Isopropanol toxicity typically presents with CNS depression along with an increased osmol gap with ketonemia and/or ketonuria without metabolic acidosis. [thepoisonreview.com]

Entire Body System

  • Hypothermia

    You Can Die of Hypothermia from Drinking Too Much Photo: Wilhelm Busch/ Wikimedia Commons Drinking an excess amount of alcohol may lower your body temperature so much that you suffer from hypothermia. [ranker.com]

    Cover with a blanket to reduce the risk of hypothermia (low body temperature). How can children get alcohol poisoning? Some people give alcohol to little children to make them sleep or to keep them quiet. [baby-safety-concerns.com]

    Hypothermia also becomes dangerous as there’s risk of brain damage. Also dangerous are when there are fits or seizures which happen when blood glucose levels drop to low levels. [searidgealcoholrehab.com]

    The following signs and symptoms may indicate a progression from being drunk to alcohol poisoning: confusion hypothermia (the person's body temperature drops) pale skin, sometimes it may take on a bluish tinge the individual is unresponsive but conscious [medicalnewstoday.com]

    Hypothermia: Alcohol causes the blood vessels to expand, resulting in more rapid heat loss from the surface of your skin. [newportacademy.com]

  • Unconsciousness

    […] and can’t be woken up Low body temperature Seizures But not all the above symptoms need to be present for medical attention to be sought: if someone unconscious and can’t be woken up, then seek medical attention immediately. [londondoctorsclinic.co.uk]

    Unconsciousness (if a person is asleep and you cannot wake them, they are unconscious). If a person has been drinking and shows any of these signs of alcohol poisoning, they need to get medical attention right away. [learn-about-alcoholism.com]

    This occurs when the person is unconscious from excessive alcohol intake vomits and then chokes. [alcoholanswers.org]

    A person with alcohol poisoning who is unconscious or can't be awakened is at risk of dying. [mayoclinic.org]

    The symptoms of alcohol poisoning are vomiting, confusion, slow breathing (less than eight breaths per minute), seizures, low body temperature, pale or blueish skin and unconsciousness. [mcosa.net]

  • Falling

    […] save their life, as it helps keep their airway open Of course, the best advice regarding alcohol poisoning is to practise responsible drinking and as not to fall into a dangerously intoxicated state with the above symptoms. [londondoctorsclinic.co.uk]

    The blood's thinning also causes blood sugar levels to fall so sharply that seizures may result. [livestrong.com]

    You Can Drink Enough to Die Before Even Passing Out Photo: William Hogarth/ Wikimedia Commons You can certainly pass out from drinking too much, but falling unconscious does not mean that your body is done taking in alcohol. [ranker.com]

    Diskutiert wird anhand der zu Isopropylalkoholvergiftungen vorliegenden Literatur für den berichteten Fall die Problematik der Klärung der Todesursache Preview Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF. [link.springer.com]

  • Gastric Lavage

    Treatment consists of emetics, gastric lavage, milk, oxygen, and artificial respiration. [merckvetmanual.com]

    Mild intensity: IV fluids and gastric lavage -Severe intensity (featuring shock and low blood pressure): Hemodialysis Methanol and Ethylene glycol have similar treatment (isn’t that nice?) [knowmedge.com]

    The Need for Treatment Emergency treatment for isopropyl alcohol poisoning may consist of flushing the system via intravenous fluids, gastric lavage, respiratory support, and, in some cases, dialysis. [futuresofpalmbeach.com]

Gastrointestinal

  • Vomiting

    Alcohol is a stomach irritant and that is why excessive consumption of alcohol tends to cause vomiting. Alcohol also impairs the gag reflex, so an unconscious person can choke on their vomit. [learn-about-alcoholism.com]

    Alcohol may cause vomiting. Because it depresses your gag reflex, this increases the risk of choking on vomit if you've passed out. Stopping breathing. [mayoclinic.org]

    Careful monitoring is a must to make sure the person is breathing okay and if the person is unconscious choking on their vomit is a possibility. Additionally, they can also inhale vomit into their lungs, which can be fatal. [mcosa.net]

    […] gag reflex which may cause someone to choke on their own vomit. [londondoctorsclinic.co.uk]

  • Nausea

    This might include an irregular heartbeat called arrhythmia, low blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, sweating, nausea, and vomiting. [newhealthadvisor.com]

    […] vomiting Diarrhea Pain in the gut Bleeding in the stomach and intestines Bleeding, nausea, and other damage from consuming rubbing alcohol may cause dehydration, which can lead to seizures. [recoveryfirst.org]

    Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain may result from this metabolic acidosis and ventilatory compensation may manifest as Kussmaul’s respirations. [clinicaladvisor.com]

    Typical signs of methanol poisoning include nausea, vomiting, gastric pain, reflex hyperexcitability, opisthotonos, convulsions, fixed pupils, and acute peripheral neuritis. Large overdoses can lead to blindness. [merckvetmanual.com]

    Most of the time, this behavior stems either from a strong craving or other symptoms of withdrawal like: Excessive sweating Nausea with or without vomiting Hallucinations Tremors Seizures An agitated state There is another form of rubbing alcohol — ethyl [futuresofpalmbeach.com]

  • Abdominal Pain

    Vision abnormalities or abdominal pain suggest methanol due to this alcohol’s effects on the retina and the pancreas. [knowmedge.com]

    These include: Abdominal pain Cold, clammy skin Eye and mucous membrane irritation Lack of coordination Cornea burns Gastritis Brain damage Coma Another long-term side effect of drinking rubbing alcohol is acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS. [solutions-recovery.com]

    The most common adverse effects included eye irritation (31.4%) and vomiting (22.8%). 1 Conjunctivitis, oral irritation, cough, and abdominal pain were also reported. [pharmacytimes.com]

    Therefore, abdominal pain, hemorrhagic gastritis, and vomiting can be observed. Unlike methanol and ethylene glycol, isopropanol does not cause a metabolic acidosis. [emedicine.medscape.com]

    Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain may result from this metabolic acidosis and ventilatory compensation may manifest as Kussmaul’s respirations. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  • Diarrhea

    Isopropyl alcohol poisoning signs are GI pain, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and CNS depression (dizziness, stupor, coma, and death from respiratory paralysis). The liver and kidneys are reversibly affected. Dehydration and pneumonia may occur. [merckvetmanual.com]

    Drinking a lot of it can cause vomiting, diarrhea, pain, and bleeding in the stomach and intestines. This can lead to dehydration, low blood pressure, shock, and coma. Rubbing alcohol can also be toxic when inhaled. [poison.org]

    […] consumption include: Slurred speech Loss of physical coordination Stumbling Sedation Vomiting This industrial alcohol is very irritating to the stomach and intestines, so side effects from consuming this dangerous chemical include: Nausea and vomiting Diarrhea [recoveryfirst.org]

    Gastrointestinal pain, cramps, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also result. The single lethal dose for a human adult = about 250 mls (8 ounces). Skin Contact May cause skin irritation with redness and pain. [neowin.net]

    Diarrhea. Dizziness. Eye and mucous membrane irritation. The throat, stomach, and intestines are particularly sensitive when it is imbibed. The nose and eyelids are sensitive when it is inhaled. Headache. Lack of coordination. [therecoveryvillage.com]

Cardiovascular

  • Hypotension

    A comatose and hypotensive patient was successfully treated with hemodialysis after ingesting 480 mL of isopropyl alcohol. Removal of isopropyl alcohol and its major metabolite acetone was measured in urine, blood, and dialysate. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    The etiology of our patient's hypotonia, hypotension, acidosis, abnormal movements and seizures is likely multifactorial. [nature.com]

    At discharge, the patient became acutely hypotensive and delirious. He was afebrile, oxygenating well, and had a nonfocal neurologic examination. Intravenous fluids and vasopressors were administered. [nejm.org]

    Immediate correction of clinical volume depletion and hypotension with isotonic crystalloid infusion (saline). [clinicaladvisor.com]

    Damages the Nervous System: Drinking rubbing alcohol will have an immediate effect on the central nervous system (CNS), including dizziness, nausea, hypotension, and hypothermia. [newhealthadvisor.com]

Skin

  • Flushing

    Do not flush to sewer! If a leak or spill has not ignited, use water spray to disperse the vapors, to protect personnel attempting to stop leak, and to flush spills away from exposures. [neowin.net]

    The child may have trouble breathing and flushed or pale skin. Alcohol reduces the gag reflex. This can cause choking. Alcohol may also cause low blood sugar in children. This can result in a coma from the alcohol or the low sugar. [fairview.org]

    However, there are steps you should take when you or someone you know has IPA poisoning: Drink plenty of water to help your body flush out the toxin. [healthline.com]

    Without this enzyme, ingestion of ethanol results in facial flushing, occasionally with nausea and tachycardia, in a syndrome colloquially known as the “Asian flush.” Nystagmus. Miosis. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Eyes

  • Eye Irritation

    May be harmful if swallowed or may cause severe eye irritation. Never mix chlorine bleach with cleaning products containing ammonia, or with vinegar. The resulting chloramine fumes are deadly. [books.google.com]

    The most common adverse effects included eye irritation (31.4%) and vomiting (22.8%). 1 Conjunctivitis, oral irritation, cough, and abdominal pain were also reported. [pharmacytimes.com]

    Skin Contact May cause skin irritation with redness and pain. May be absorbed through the skin with possible systemic effects. Eye Contact Vapors cause eye irritation. Splashes caused severe irritation, possible corneal burns and eye damage. [neowin.net]

Urogenital

  • Oliguria

    Renal toxicity is produced when calcium oxalate crystals precipitate in the renal tubules, causing flank pain, oliguria and acute renal failure. [lifeinthefastlane.com]

Neurologic

  • Confusion

    Symptoms include confusion, abnormal breathing, and vomiting. In severe cases, alcohol poisoning is life-threatening. [medicalnewstoday.com]

    IPA poisoning may cause confusion and can be very painful. Doctors will try to find out about the patient’s history. Knowing where, when, and why can help in treatment. The goal of treatment is to clear the alcohol from your body. [drjio.com]

    Symptoms can include confusion, vomiting, and seizures. The child may have trouble breathing and flushed or pale skin. Alcohol reduces the gag reflex. This can cause choking. Alcohol may also cause low blood sugar in children. [fairview.org]

    However, it should not be confused with alcohol found in liquor or wine. That liquid is known as ethanol, or ethyl alcohol. Ingesting isopropyl alcohol presents a number of health hazards. [livestrong.com]

    The symptoms of alcohol poisoning are vomiting, confusion, slow breathing (less than eight breaths per minute), seizures, low body temperature, pale or blueish skin and unconsciousness. [mcosa.net]

  • Irritability

    الصفحة 540 - Caution — This product contains ingredients which may cause skin irritation on certain individuals and a preliminary test according to accompanying directions should first be made. [books.google.com]

    His eyes were very red and irritated; he was rubbing them vigorously and screaming. The ambulance was called and the child was taken to the emergency room. In the emergency room, he vomited and remained sleepy. [poison.org]

    Skin Contact May cause skin irritation with redness and pain. May be absorbed through the skin with possible systemic effects. Eye Contact Vapors cause eye irritation. Splashes caused severe irritation, possible corneal burns and eye damage. [neowin.net]

    Isopropyl alcohol can also irritate your skin and eyes, as well as cause eye damage. [sciencing.com]

    The most common adverse effects included eye irritation (31.4%) and vomiting (22.8%). 1 Conjunctivitis, oral irritation, cough, and abdominal pain were also reported. [pharmacytimes.com]

  • Dizziness

    Isopropyl alcohol poisoning signs are GI pain, cramps, vomiting, diarrhea, and CNS depression (dizziness, stupor, coma, and death from respiratory paralysis). The liver and kidneys are reversibly affected. Dehydration and pneumonia may occur. [merckvetmanual.com]

    For example, inhaling isopropyl alcohol vapors may irritate your respiratory tract, and high concentrations of isopropyl alcohol vapor can cause dizziness, drowsiness, headache, staggering and unconsciousness. [sciencing.com]

    IPA poisoning usually causes: stomach pain confusion dizziness slowed breathing In severe cases, it can lead to a coma. IPA poisoning requires immediate medical attention. [healthline.com]

    If you start to feel dizzy or ill, ask someone you trust to take you to a safe place. Drink in moderation. Excessive alcohol increases the risk of injury from fights, and accidents. Dr. [nomadsmagazine.com]

  • Slurred Speech

    speech, or inability to walk normally or think clearly © 2000-2018 The StayWell Company, LLC. 800 Township Line Road, Yardley, PA 19067. [fairview.org]

    Initially, the side effects of rubbing alcohol poisoning mimic those of a typical drunk person: dizziness, confusion, slurred speech, and nausea. [spoonuniversity.com]

    Slurred speech, difficulty talking. Inability to walk. Repeated or uncontrolled vomiting. Cool, clammy, pale, or blue-tinged skin. Slow or irregular breathing. Seizures. [learn-about-alcoholism.com]

    Rubbing Alcohol Effects In the short-term, and with a small dosage, rubbing alcohol can lead to feelings of intoxication, as well as the usual side effects of drunkenness: slurred speech, dizziness, nausea, etc. [solutions-recovery.com]

    Effects include sedation, slurred speech, unsteadiness when walking, and vomiting. Isopropyl alcohol is also extremely irritating to the digestive tract. [poison.org]

  • Headache

    For example, inhaling isopropyl alcohol vapors may irritate your respiratory tract, and high concentrations of isopropyl alcohol vapor can cause dizziness, drowsiness, headache, staggering and unconsciousness. [sciencing.com]

    Most people don't get that diagnosis until they have been treated for everything else, the impression I got that cluster headache literally means "unilateral, short lasting headaches with no aura/photophobia or sound sensitivity (Static X got me through [drugs-forum.com]

    Recovery from alcohol poisoning During recovery from alcohol posioning, the individual may experience: headache somach cramps nausea anxiety tremors It is important to keep hydrated and avoid drinking any alcohol. [medicalnewstoday.com]

    Symptoms of isopropyl alcohol poisoning include flushing, headache, dizziness, CNS depression, nausea, vomiting, anesthesia, and coma. Use in well-ventilated areas and use protective gloves while using. [first-aid-product.com]

    Exposure to high concentrations has a narcotic effect, producing symptoms of dizziness, drowsiness, headache, staggering, unconsciousness and possibly death. Ingestion Ingestion can cause drowsiness, unconsciousness, and death. [neowin.net]

Workup

To the Editor: A 43-year-old man with alcoholism was admitted to the hospital with chest pain, for which the workup was unremarkable. At discharge, the patient became acutely hypotensive and delirious. [nejm.org]

Urine

  • Ketonuria

    An osmol gap, ketonemia, and/or ketonuria without metabolic acidosis, along with a fruity or sweet odor on the breath and CNS depression support the diagnosis. Management. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Isopropanol toxicity typically presents with CNS depression along with an increased osmol gap with ketonemia and/or ketonuria without metabolic acidosis. [thepoisonreview.com]

    Urinalysis and urine toxicology for the presence of opiates and cocaine metabolites, ketonuria or evidence of infection. [clinicaladvisor.com]

Treatment

Knowing where, when, and why can help in treatment. The goal of treatment is to clear the alcohol from your body. Doctors will try to keep you hydrated and functioning. If you suspect IPA poisoning, seek medical help right away. [drjio.com]

Free Expert Advice Available Now Speak with a treatment specialist 24/7 Privacy guaranteed Discuss your treatment options 877-322-2694 Free Expert Advice Available Now Speak with a treatment specialist 24/7 Privacy guaranteed Discuss your treatment options [learn-about-alcoholism.com]

The purpose of this book is to provide an up-to-date account of the diag nosis and treatment of all the clinically important poisons. [books.google.com]

Treatment consists of gastric lavage, oxygen, and a low-fat diet. Additional supportive treatment to alleviate clinical signs may be given. [merckvetmanual.com]

In addition, supportive treatment for alcohol poisoning usually includes IV fluids. This is to prevent or treat dehydration that may result from vomiting, and it also replaces electrolytes. [mcosa.net]

Prognosis

Since coma and hypotension portend a bad prognosis and since urinary excretion is slow relative to hemodialysis removal, hemodialysis may be considered life-saving in patients comatose from isopropyl alcohol poisoning. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment should include emetics ( apomorphine ) followed by gastric lavage with 4% sodium bicarbonate, saline laxative, oxygen therapy, sodium bicarbonate solution IV, and analgesics; however, the prognosis is poor. [merckvetmanual.com]

Please find relevant information on First Aid for Isopropyl Alcohol Overdose regarding cause, signs & symptoms, administration of first aid treatment, prognosis, preventive measures, and additional resources HERE. [dovemed.com]

If the person survives the first 24 hours, their prognosis is considered good. We cannot stress enough that if a person who has ingested alcohol shows any of the above symptoms of alcohol poisoning, they need to get medical care immediately. [learn-about-alcoholism.com]

Treatment of alcohol poisoning includes, but not limited to: Monitoring Oxygen therapy IV fluids to prevent dehydration Kidney dialysis if methanol was ingested or in severe cases of isopropyl alcohol poisoning Once the patient passes 24 hours, the prognosis [alcoholanswers.org]

Etiology

It is still important to consider alternative etiologies of metabolic acidosis such as lactic acidosis from profound volume depletion, sepsis, or bowel ischemia, and in diabetic patients, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). [clinicaladvisor.com]

The etiology of our patient's hypotonia, hypotension, acidosis, abnormal movements and seizures is likely multifactorial. [nature.com]

Epidemiology

AIM: The aim of this review is to critically review the epidemiology, toxicokinetics, mechanisms of toxicity, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of isopropanol poisoning. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

An epidemiological study of poisoning cases reported to the national poisons information centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Human & experimental toxicology, 24 (6), 279-285. Jammalamadaka, D., & Raissi, S. (2010). [dovemed.com]

Epidemiology Ethanol intoxication is common in patients who seek care in emergency departments, but it’s not always their primary reason. [emsworld.com]

Pathophysiology

Certain topics are discussed in depth either because of their clinical importance or because recent data have become available concerning pathophysiology or treatment. [books.google.com]

It is a huge review, so I have chosen to focus on the following topics: Aetiology, pathophysiology and clinical features Diagnosis and investigations Treatment Disposition Here are some of the highlights… Aetiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Features [lifeinthefastlane.com]

Pathophysiology The ingestion of any of the alcohols can result in clinical inebriation, and the strength of any alcohol’s inebriating effects is directly proportional to its molecular weight. [emsworld.com]

Prevention

If you or someone you know is considering suicide, get help from a crisis or suicide prevention hotline. Try the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 800-273-8255. [healthline.com]

This typically includes: Careful monitoring Prevention of breathing or choking problems Oxygen therapy Fluids given through a vein (intravenously) to prevent dehydration Use of vitamins and glucose to help prevent serious complications of alcohol poisoning [nchmd.org]

If the person must lie down, make sure to turn his or her head to the side — this helps prevent choking. Try to keep the person awake to prevent loss of consciousness. [mayoclinic.org]

This typically includes the following: Careful monitoring of the person to prevent breathing or choking problems Oxygen therapy Fluids given through intravenously to prevent dehydration Giving vitamins and/or glucose to replenish nutrients Inserting a [newportacademy.com]

Additionally, she received the Sheriff’s Special Recognition Award for her collaboration with the Broward, Florida Sheriff’s Office to prevent prescription drug abuse through a drug disposal program. [pharmacytimes.com]

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