Painful snapping elbow in patients with congenital radioulnar synostosis: report of two cases. J Hand Surg Am. 2010 Aug. 35(8):1336-9. [Medline]. Sachar K, Akelman E, Ehrlich MG. Radioulnar synostosis. Hand Clin. 1994 Aug. 10(3):399-404. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Some associated abnormalities and syndromes are genetically determined, including acrocephalosyndactyly, Apert syndrome, Carpenter syndrome, arthrogryposis, mandibulofacial dysostosis, William syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Holt-Oram syndrome, microcephaly [emedicine.medscape.com]

About one third of cases are associated with general skeletal abnormalities, such as hip dislocation, knee anomalies, clubfoot, polydactyly, syndactyly, Madelung deformity, ligamentous laxity, thumb hypoplasia, carpal coalition, and problems of the cardiac [emedicine.medscape.com]

About one third of cases are associated with general skeletal abnormalities, such as hip dislocation, knee anomalies, clubfoot, polydactyly, syndactyly, Madelung deformity, ligamentous laxity, thumb hypoplasia, carpal coalition, and problems of the cardiac [emedicine.medscape.com]

The mechanism of acute elbow flexion contracture in children with congenital proximal radioulnar synostosis. J Pediatr Orthop. 2010 Apr-May. 30(3):277-81. [Medline]. Shinohara T, Horii E, Tatebe M, Yamamoto M, Okui N, Hirata H. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Patients with high-energy comminuted open fractures appear to be more likely to develop this complication. [emedicine.medscape.com]

His return to Brighton led to an angry backlash locally where far-right groups reportedly whipped up anger. Graffiti reading “Behead all Muslims” was daubed near their home and when it was attacked by a mob, police installed CCTV. [theguardian.com]