We present a very unusual case of subluxation of the fifth MTP joint following a postboil skin contracture. The case was treated with the release of contracture by Z-plasty. It resulted in concentric reduction of the joint and normal skin healing. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Case 1 This 45 year old lady presented to the Emergency Department after falling onto her wrist. Case 2 This 38 year old male presented to the Emergency Department with a right forearm injury after a steel pipe fell on his arm. [wikiradiography.net]

• Pain

  In the non-RSD group, 78.6% of the patients with subluxation and 38.1% of the patients without subluxation reported shoulder pain (p .019). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  SC Subluxation Symptoms A sternoclavicular joint subluxation typically causes an onset of sudden pain at the time of injury. [drmillett.com]

  The displacement causes severe pain, weakness, joint instability and loss of motion in patients. Subluxations and dislocations often emulate one another. [drjeffpadaleckimd.com]

  Pain in the Back or Neck This is one of the most obvious symptoms of a subluxation of the spine. Pain often creeps up either in the back or neck, or sometimes it shows up in both areas. [thejoint.com]

• Arm Pain

  In the case whereby the first rib is subluxated or subluxated first rib, symptoms may include neck pain, shoulder pain, arm pain and numbness, headaches, and chest pain. [dislocatedrib.org]

• Insect Bite

  bite or sting, venomous ( T63.4 ) Injuries to the shoulder and upper arm S43 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code S43 Dislocation and sprain of joints and ligaments of shoulder girdle 2016 2017 2018 2019 Non-Billable/Non-Specific Code Code Also any associated open [icd10data.com]

• Shoulder Pain

  In the non-RSD group, 78.6% of the patients with subluxation and 38.1% of the patients without subluxation reported shoulder pain (p .019). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Hemiplegic shoulder pain-early prevention and rehabilitation. West J Med. Feb 1995;162(2):151-2 Kumar R, Metter EJ, Mehta AJ, Chew T. Shoulder pain in hemiplegia. The role of exercise. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. Aug 1990;69(4):205-8 [physio-pedia.com]

  Dislocation of the long head of biceps tendon out of the bicipital groove is an uncommon cause of shoulder pain. [docslide.us]

  If you are suffering from shoulder pain, see a doctor to get a full evaluation. Dislocations and subluxations are just two possible causes of your pain, but not the only ones. [mocnyc.com]

• Wrist Pain

  Signs and Symptoms of Distal Radioulnar Joint Subluxation or DRUJ Subluxation Wrist pain after the trauma is the most common symptom of distal radioulnar joint subluxation or DRUJ subluxation. Development of swelling. [epainassist.com]

  Resting and changing training accordingly can help, although activities that exacerbate wrist pain should be stopped. [sportsinjuryclinic.net]

  Ulnar-sided wrist pain. II. Clinical imaging and treatment. Skeletal Radiol. 2010 September; 39(9): 837–857. . Millard GM et al. Functional bracing for distal radioulnar joint instability. J Hand Surg Am. 2002 Nov;27(6):972-7. Vaughan VG. [physio-pedia.com]

  Pain: An Analysis of Sensitivity and Specificity. - Radiographic Diagnosis: - suggestive features of instability: - widening of RU joint on AP view ; - fracture (or non union) at base of ulnar styloid ; - significant shortening of the radius ; - obvious [wheelessonline.com]

• Knee Pain

  The key to curing chronic knee pain is locating the points within the knee that are the cause of knee instability. Healing from knee pain necessitates finding the source of the knee pain, while knowing and understanding the correct diagnosis. [caringmedical.com]

  Cut back on anything that causes knee pain. Stay at a healthy weight -- it lowers stress on your knees. [webmd.com]

  For example, a runner with knee pain may be engaged in too much activity too early in training. (A general rule for runners is to not increase mileage more than 10 percent per week.) [dynamicchiropractic.com]

  The patient’s instability resolved, but she had persistent knee pain and occasional swelling postoperatively. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Leg Pain

  Poor overall state of health Headaches Dizziness Colic Asthma Depression Poor weight control Constipation Diarrhea Arm and leg pain It must also be noted, that people who are not experiencing any symptoms are not necessarily ‘subluxation free’. [alignedhealthcenterwestlake.com]

• Arthralgia

  Criteria for the diagnosis of benign joint hypermobility syndrome. 22, a Major Criteria Minor Criteria Beighton score of 4/9 Beighton score of 1,2, or 3 Arthralgia for 3 months in 4 joints Arthralgia of 3 months in 1 to 3 joints or back pain of 3 months [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Spastic Quadriplegia

  Forty-four patients had spastic diplegia (53.6%), 35 had spastic quadriplegia (42.7%), two had spastic triplegia (2.4%), and one had spastic hemiplegia (1.2%). The mean patient age at SDR was 5.2 /- 2.4 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Quadriplegia

  Forty-four patients had spastic diplegia (53.6%), 35 had spastic quadriplegia (42.7%), two had spastic triplegia (2.4%), and one had spastic hemiplegia (1.2%). The mean patient age at SDR was 5.2 /- 2.4 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

An EEG is an essential part of the workup for LGS. Neuroimaging is an important part of the search for an underlying etiology (see Workup). [emedicine.medscape.com]

But unlike Rosenbloom’s other patients, a workup showed they were not lacking growth hormone; instead, they had a rare form of dwarfism known as Laron syndrome, caused by a genetic mutation that prevents the body from respondingto growth hormone. [discovermagazine.com]

Although numerous surgical techniques have been described, there is little clear consensus on operative treatment. Moreover, there is insufficient evidence to support operative over nonoperative treatment for mallet fractures. The Author(s) 2014. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment The treatment can be conservative or surgery may be needed. The conservative treatment consists of inducing a sclerosing agent inside the joint capsule. [phaa.com]

Treatment Early treatment of a joint subluxation should begin by ensuring the joint is in the proper position. [verywellhealth.com]

Prognosis Prognosis seems good but with age, patients may develop obesity, hypercholesterolemia and have increased risk of fractures due to osteopenia. The documents contained in this web site are presented for information purposes only. [orpha.net]

"Subtalar dislocation: management and prognosis for an uncommon orthopaedic condition". International Orthopaedics (Review). 40 (5): 999–1007. doi : 10.1007/s00264-015-2910-8. PMID 26208589. Michael A. Foy; Phillip S. Fagg (5 December 2011). [en.wikipedia.org]

The long-term prognosis varies, yet overall it's felt to be unfavorable. Psychosocial needs of patients and families are important to address. Safety and educational resources are key to helping people with LGS. [epilepsy.com]

[…] coracoclavicular distance normal: 10-13 mm greater than 5 mm asymmetry (compared to the contralateral side) superior displacement of the distal clavicle the inferior edge of the acromion should be level with the inferior edge of the clavicle Treatment and prognosis [radiopaedia.org]

Long-term prognosis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Epilepsia. 1996. 37 Suppl 3:44-7. [Medline]. Ohtsuka Y, Amano R, Mizukawa M, Ohtahara S. Long-term prognosis of the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Jpn J Psychiatry Neurol. 1990 Jun. 44(2):257-64. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]

Causes: Structural brain abnormalities (most common cause, 70% of cases) Genetic etiologies (de novo mutations) are expected to account for many of the currently unexplained cases [epilepsydiagnosis.org]

Etiology The disease is due to mutations in the GHR gene (5p14-p12). [orpha.net]

Extrinsic stability is achieved through static and dynamic forces: 1) Dynamic stabilizers: - the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) - the pronator quadratus 2) Static stabilizers: - Soft tissues: interosseous membrane Epidemiology /Etiology The cause for dorsal [physio-pedia.com]

Etiology LGS can be classified according to its suspected etiology as either idiopathic or symptomatic. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Patient Population: Prevalence and Epidemiology Knee // Shoulder & Elbow // Hip // Spine // Foot & Ankle // Hand & Wrist Fragility Fractures: Diagnosis and Treatment Shoulder & Elbow The Characteristics of Surgeons Performing Total Shoulder Arthroplasty [mdedge.com]

Extrinsic stability is achieved through static and dynamic forces: 1) Dynamic stabilizers: - the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) - the pronator quadratus 2) Static stabilizers: - Soft tissues: interosseous membrane Epidemiology /Etiology The cause for dorsal [physio-pedia.com]

Summary Epidemiology The disease has been described in more than 250 cases and is more frequent in Semitic or Mediterranean populations. Males and females are equally affected. [orpha.net]

[…] synonyms: atraumatic sternoclavicular subluxation Spontaneous Sternoclavicular Subluxation ICD-9 Spontaneous Sternoclavicular Subluxation Etiology / Epidemiology / Natural History Generally adolescent or early adulthood. [eorif.com]

[…] pathological changes which occur to the spinal tissues such as abnormal bony growths off the vertebral bodies and joints, fibrosis and adhesions of spinal muscles and ligaments, inflammation of the joints as well as dehydration and degeneration of spinal discs Pathophysiology [corespineandsportscenter.com]

These risk factors are not absolute and certainly there seems to be an underlying unknown pathophysiological mechanism that gives these patients a higher probability of subluxation. [reviewofophthalmology.com]

Stability of the distal radioulna joint: biomechanics, pathophysiology, physical diagnosis, and restoration of function what we have learned in 25 years. Original Text by Clifford R. Wheeless, III, MD. [wheelessonline.com]

See the following articles for more information: Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of LGS is not known. No animal models exist. A variety of possible pathophysiologies have been proposed. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] the acromioclavicular (AC) joint with disruption of the AC ligaments with or without coracoclavicular (CC) ligament disruption Epidemiology incidence common injury making up 9% of shoulder girdle injuries demographics more common in males and athletes Pathophysiology [orthobullets.com]

Therefore, prevention and appropriate treatment of glenohumeral joint subluxation should be included in rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The focus of rehabilitation should be on the prevention of muscle atrophy by blocking the decreases in neuromuscular activity associated with limb immobilization. [physio-pedia.com]

OT practitioners use the terms ulnar deviation and ulnar drift of the MCP to prevent confusion over abduction and adduction of the different fingers.) [mychhs.colostate.edu]