The association of progressive extrapyramidal neurologic disorder presenting in teenagers or even earlier and mild form of Parkinson disease. Characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, dysarthria, rigidity, and fixed facies. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

Ptosis will also be present and the pupil will be dilated and non-reactive, and there will also be paralysis of accommodation. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

A distinction is made between paralysis and paresis, the latter being a condition in which motor functions are weakened but present. [encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com]

Up to the present no one has undertaken a detailed evaluation of the quantitative amount of cell destruction in these regions in any case. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of such a study in [jamanetwork.com]

The tremor may be present at rest and increased by voluntary movement. [neupsykey.com]

• Falling

  […] brain that occurs at or shortly after birth) metabolic disorder (a disorder that interferes with the body's ability to maintain itself) Damage to the spinal cord is most often caused by trauma, such as a fall or a car crash. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Definition A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression [ctdbase.org]

  A progressive, degenerative neurologic disease characterized by a TREMOR that is maximal at rest, retropulsion (i.e. a tendency to fall backwards), rigidity, stooped posture, slowness of voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression. [curehunter.com]

  Unhealthy Sensation as falling from Ht. : Vertigo. Falling Sensation of swimming in the temporal region : Vertigo. Swimming Sensation of contraction in head : Head. Ext. contraction Sensation of hollowness in the ear: Hearing. [homeobook.com]

• Difficulty Walking

  Patients with PD have poor balance, a tendency to fall, and difficulty walking. [neupsykey.com]

• Hypophonia

  Hypomimia- “masked facies”,expressionless face, blinking Speech abnormalities- Hypophonia: soft voice Aprosody of speech: monotonous and lack of inflection Tachyphemia: do not separate syllables together, running words together Patients may eventually [slideplayer.com]

• Muscle Rigidity

  It is clinically characterized by movement disorders such as muscle rigidity, akinesia and tremor. [books.google.de]

  Signs and symptoms include tremor which is most pronounced during rest, muscle rigidity, slowing of the voluntary movements, a tendency to fall back, and a mask-like facial expression. [fpnotebook.com]

  Note the attitude, position of hands and fingers, and the well-defined contour of the muscles (rigidity). Figure 1 Case 1. Progressive atrophy of the globus pallidus at age of 17, 2 years after the onset of disease. [academic.oup.com]

  The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is more likely if: At least two of the three major symptoms are present (tremor at rest, muscle rigidity, and slowness) The onset of symptoms started on one side of the body Symptoms are not due to secondary causes [medicinenet.com]

  Muscle Rigidity in Parkinson's Disease Rigidity reflects an abnormal increase in muscle tone and may be continuous and cause the limb to feel like a “lead pipe” or to be ratchety like the movement of a “cogwheel”. [biotechnologyforums.com]

• Esotropia

  It is characterized by a sudden development of diplopia with marked esotropia at distance and sometimes headaches. The key difference with divergence insufficiency is the sudden onset of symptoms. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Convergent concomitant strabismus Excludes: intermittent esotropia (378.20-378.22) 378.00 Esotropia, unspecified 378.01 Monocular esotropia 378.02 Monocular esotropia with A pattern 378.03 Monocular esotropia with V pattern 378.04 Monocular esotropia [theodora.com]

• Hypomimia

  Hypomimia- “masked facies”,expressionless face, blinking Speech abnormalities- Hypophonia: soft voice Aprosody of speech: monotonous and lack of inflection Tachyphemia: do not separate syllables together, running words together Patients may eventually [slideplayer.com]

  Facial immobility and lack of expressiveness is a common feature of PD (hypomimia, masked face). [neupsykey.com]

• Face Rigidity

  Some of the most common symptoms of Parkinson's disease are: tremor of the hands, arms, legs, jaw and face rigidity or stiffness of the limbs and trunk bradykinesia or slowness of movement postural instability or impaired balance and coordination *from [rosevillepsg.weebly.com]

  Symptoms Young-onset PD is diagnosed similarly to late onset PD with symptoms including: Tremors of the hands, arms, legs, jaw and face Rigidity In Parkinson’s, stiffness of the arms or legs beyond what would result from normal aging or arthritis. [parkinson.org]

• Mask-like Facies

  Juvenile, of Hunt: 32 (show all 9) # Description HPO Frequency HPO Source Accession 1 dysarthria 32 HP:0001260 2 gait disturbance 32 HP:0001288 3 tremor 32 HP:0001337 4 abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis 32 HP:0001939 5 dystonia 32 HP:0001332 6 mask-like [malacards.org]

  Other conditions to be considered Juvenile Paralysis Agitans of Hunt: Autosomal dominant, this syndrome is characterized by mask-like facies, parkinsonism, tremor, bradykinesia, dysarthria, rigidity, gait disturbance, and flexion dystonia of fingers. [accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com]

• Tremor

  Human phenotypes related to Paralysis Agitans, Juvenile, of Hunt: 32 (show all 9) # Description HPO Frequency HPO Source Accession 1 dysarthria 32 HP:0001260 2 gait disturbance 32 HP:0001288 3 tremor 32 HP:0001337 4 abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis [malacards.org]

  Characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, dysarthria, rigidity, and fixed facies. The disorder may be familial (genetically transmitted) or secondary to other heredodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington disease. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

  On examination - Parkinsonian tremor On examination - Parkinsonian tremor (finding) PD - Parkinson's disease Paleostriatal syndrome Pallidal atrophy Pallidal syndrome Paralysis agitans Parkinson disease Parkinson's disease (disorder) Parkinsonian tremor [averbis.com]

  In the words of (John) Hughlings Jackson (1835–1911), ‘tremor is rigidity spread thin, and rigidity is tremor run together’. [academic.oup.com]

  Postural tremors become evident when the limbs are maintained in an antigravity position (e.g., arms outstretched). Common types of postural tremor are enhanced physiologic tremor and ET. [neupsykey.com]

• Bradykinesia

  32 HP:0002067 9 parkinsonism 32 HP:0001300 Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM: 57 Neuro: dysarthria gait disturbance tremor rigidity bradykinesia more Misc: onset in teens or earlier very slow progression Facies: masklike facies Lab: degeneration [malacards.org]

  Characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, dysarthria, rigidity, and fixed facies. The disorder may be familial (genetically transmitted) or secondary to other heredodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington disease. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

  Slowness of motion (bradykinesia) is one of the classic symptoms of Parkinson's disease. [slideplayer.com]

  Diseases related with Melanoma and Bradykinesia In the following list you will find some of the most common rare diseases related to Melanoma and Bradykinesia that can help you solving undiagnosed cases. [mendelian.co]

  Strictly speaking, akinesia means an absence of movement; bradykinesia, a slowness of movement; and hypokinesia, a decreased amount or amplitude of movement, but the term bradykinesia is often used to encompass all three. [neupsykey.com]

• Postural Instability

  Another disorder in which a resting tremor is one of the main symptoms, accompanied by slowness and poverty of movement, muscular rigidity, and postural instability is Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease or Parkinsonism, degenerative brain disorder [encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com]

  Other characteristic symptoms of Parkinson disease include rigidity or stiffness of the limbs and torso, slow movement (bradykinesia) or an inability to move (akinesia), and impaired balance and coordination (postural instability). [icdlist.com]

  Some of the most common symptoms of Parkinson's disease are: tremor of the hands, arms, legs, jaw and face rigidity or stiffness of the limbs and trunk bradykinesia or slowness of movement postural instability or impaired balance and coordination *from [rosevillepsg.weebly.com]

  Akinetic, tremor, and postural instability subtypes have been recognized. [neupsykey.com]

  Postural instability Impaired balance and the tendency to fall without explanation, usually when pivoting; a common symptom in the later stages of Parkinson’s. or impaired balance and coordination People with YOPD may experience the same non-motor symptoms [parkinson.org]

• Resting Tremor

  Another disorder in which a resting tremor is one of the main symptoms, accompanied by slowness and poverty of movement, muscular rigidity, and postural instability is Parkinson's disease Parkinson's disease or Parkinsonism, degenerative brain disorder [encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com]

  A triad of features classically characterizes Parkinson disease: resting tremor rigidity bradykinesia (postural instability: sometimes added as a fourth cardinal feature 3 ) Dementia can be a late feature. [radiopaedia.org]

  Asymmetric rest tremor is the most common presentation of PD, occurring in about 75% of patients. Akinetic, tremor, and postural instability subtypes have been recognized. [neupsykey.com]

  Major features Resting tremor in hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face Bradykinesia Rigidity- cogwheel or lead-pipe Minor features Bradyphrenia Speech abnormalities Depression Dysautonomia Dystonia Constipation Hallucinations Dysphagia 19 Parkinson’s disease [slideplayer.com]

  tremor Neoplasm Rare Symptoms - Less than 30% cases Hypogonadism Cognitive impairment Decreased testicular size Cutaneous photosensitivity Falls Cryptorchidism Cataract Sensory neuropathy Short stature Sensorineural hearing impairment Strabismus Pes [mendelian.co]

• Dysarthria

  Human phenotypes related to Paralysis Agitans, Juvenile, of Hunt: 32 (show all 9) # Description HPO Frequency HPO Source Accession 1 dysarthria 32 HP:0001260 2 gait disturbance 32 HP:0001288 3 tremor 32 HP:0001337 4 abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis [malacards.org]

  Characterized by tremor, bradykinesia, dysarthria, rigidity, and fixed facies. The disorder may be familial (genetically transmitted) or secondary to other heredodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington disease. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

  List of possible causes of Dysarthria or similar symptoms may include: 8 Acanthocytosis (Dysarthria) Aceruloplasminemia (Dysarthria) Achondroplasia (Dysarthria) Adrenomyeloneuropathy (speech difficulties) Alcoholic Cerebellar Degeneration (Dysarthria [familydiagnosis.com]

  It is characterised by tremor, bradykinesia, dysarthria, rigidity, fixed facies and a tendency to faint. Mental functions are intact and there are no reflex changes. [whonamedit.com]

  Other conditions to be considered Juvenile Paralysis Agitans of Hunt: Autosomal dominant, this syndrome is characterized by mask-like facies, parkinsonism, tremor, bradykinesia, dysarthria, rigidity, gait disturbance, and flexion dystonia of fingers. [accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com]

In the presence of typical clinical signs and symptoms and the typical age of onset, extensive workup is not required. Imaging studies are usually normal. [neupsykey.com]

Diagnostic challenges We should be particularly careful in applying the label "Parkinson's Disease" to patients presenting with a rigid-akinetic syndrome of early-onset without the necessary thorough imaging and laboratory workup, including the search [bioscience.org]

Treatment The only treatment for paralysis is to treat its underlying cause. The loss of function caused by long-term paralysis can be treated through a comprehensive rehabilitation program. Rehabilitation includes: Physical therapy. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

The prognosis and treatment are determined by the disease that caused the paralysis. Among the special methods used to restore the functions of the extremity are massage and remedial gymnastics. REFERENCES Krol’, M. B., and E. A. Fedorova. [encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com]

Therapy and Treatment When it comes to medical treatment, people with YOPD have a significantly greater risk of developing the following: Dyskinesias or involuntary movements (most commonly dystonia) as a side effect of carbidopa A medication used together [parkinson.org]

A patient with Juvenile PD developed PG soon after beginning treatment with pergolide, a mixed D1/D2 dopamine agonist that is also supposed to exhibit D3 activity. This behavior remitted upon the discontinuation of the drug. [journals.lww.com]

The prognosis and treatment are determined by the disease that caused the paralysis. Among the special methods used to restore the functions of the extremity are massage and remedial gymnastics. REFERENCES Krol’, M. B., and E. A. Fedorova. [encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com]

Prognosis The likelihood of recovery from paralysis depends on what is causing it and how much damage has been done to the nervous system. Prevention Prevention of paralysis depends on prevention of the underlying causes. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Treatment and prognosis The mainstay of treatment is medical. In patients with refractory symptoms, deep brain stimulation may be useful 15. [radiopaedia.org]

Clinical manifestations and prognosis of patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome. Am J Otolaryngol 2012;33(3):313-8. Morishima N, Yagi R, Shimizu K, Ota S. Prognostic factors of synkinesis after Bell's palsy and Ramsay Hunt syndrome. [kjorl.org]

Joseph Jankovic MD : Current understanding of etiology and pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. American Academy of Neurology, Annual Courses 1995; 4 : 1271-1272. [neurologyindia.com]

영문 초록 Childhood ataxia with diffuse central nervous system hypomyelination(CACH) syndrome is a recently described leukodystrophy of unknown etiology. The patients show normal development until the age from ... [더보기] [scholar.dkyobobook.co.kr]

Drug induced parkinsonism Hypoxia Tumor Trauma Vascular:Multiinfarct Toxin:Mn, CO, MPTP and cyanide Post-encephalitic parkinsonism (von Economo’s encephalitis) Normal pressure hydrocephalus Wilson’s disease, Hutington’s disease 17 Classification and Etiology [slideplayer.com]

Changes in the internal properties of an organism, caused by environmental factors and firmly fixed (including those fixed by hereditary mechanisms), may themselves eventually play a leading role in the development of disease. (2) Besides the etiological [encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com]

Acute retinal necrosis syndrome Necrotizing retinitis with uveitis and other retinal pathology, severe loss of vision, and often retinal detachment; of viral etiology. [scribd.com]

Hereditary juvenile epithelial dystrophy of cornea meesmann corneal dystrophy 遺傳性青少年性角膜上皮營養不良 Analysis of phase - change related endogenous hormone changes in juvenile and mature of phellodendron amurense 黃波羅不同年齡材料微繁苗內源激素的比較分析 Epidemiological analysis [dict.site]

Current epidemiological and biochemical evidence leads to the hypothesis that the brothers have impaired ability to synthesize dopamine, possibly because of an inherited deficiency of tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme. [jamanetwork.com]

Clinical, pharmacological, evolutive, and epidemiological data were collected on all patients. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Introduction Parkinson’s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative movement disorder affecting voluntary and emotional movements and most commonly seen in the elderly, but is also found in the young and inexorably progresses leading to significant disability. 5 Epidemiology [slideplayer.com]

EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS There are no systematic epidemiological surveys of parkinsonism of early onset, however, most reports agree that in the western hemisphere, approximately 5 to 7% of patients with PD in referral populations develop their symptomatology [bioscience.org]

9 GLOBUS, PARS RETICULATA PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DA SUBSTANTIA NIGRA GLOBUS, PARS RETICULATA ACH GABA STRIATUM CAUDATE, PUTAMEN 10 Chemical Balance in Corpus Striatum Excitatory Cholinergic pathway Inhibitory Dopaminergic pathway BALANCE 11 Chemical Balance [slideplayer.com]

[…] often observed (cerebellar dentate nucleus, degeneration of globus pallidus, elevated cerebrospinal fluid uric acid); muscle biopsy shows the presence of ragged red fibers that probably are caused by mitochondrial abnormalities, which could explain the pathophysiology [accesspediatrics.mhmedical.com]

The pathophysiology of parkinsonism is complex. [neupsykey.com]

In recent years, the contributions made by molecular genetics, pharmacology, physiology, and clinical neuropsychology have allowed us to make significant advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of PD as a whole, and of EOPD [bioscience.org]

Initial clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease: features and pathophysiological mechanisms. Lancet Neurol, 8(12): 1128-1139. 8. Jankovic J (2008). Parkinson’s disease: clinical features and diagnosis. [biotechnologyforums.com]

Prevention Prevention of paralysis depends on prevention of the underlying causes. Risk of stroke can be reduced by controlling high blood pressure and cholesterol levels. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Prevent hyperventilation (hypocarbia) which may trigger seizures. Monitor carefully the hemodynamics because of MAO inhibitors. There is frequent interaction between drugs commonly used to treat the condition and anesthetic agents. [accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com]

Genetic factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) by several mechanisms, such as preventing normal development of dopaminergic neurons, delayed programming or accelerated cell death, interfering with normal protective mechanisms [neurologyindia.com]

Therefore, parkin loss of function, as happens in autosomal recessive juvenile Parkinson (AR-JP), prevents degradation of parkin substrates (i.e. GPR37), thus resulting in their toxic accumulation. [ub.edu]