Two cases of skin bullae formation after accidental ingestion of kerosene are presented. This is an uncommon complication of kerosene poisoning and a probable mechanism of their occurrence is discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Note:clinical presentation is better predictor of clinical course than the chest X-ray • other- increased transaminases 18. TREATMENT • HOME TREATMENT • TREATMENT IN HOSPITAL 19. [slideshare.net]

• Cervical Lymphadenopathy

  Temperature of 38.9°C, mild pallor but was dehydrated with significant cervical lymphadenopathy. He was also found to be in respiratory distress evidence by flaring of alae nasi, intercostal recession and tachypnoea (RR=52/min). [nigeriamedj.com]

• Gastric Lavage

  Gastric lavage was not harmful to the patients, but there was no conclusive evidence that it was beneficial. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  In Kerosene poisoning, all are useful EXCEPT: (LQ) A Gastric lavage B Antacids C Bland diet D Intravenous fluids Ans. A Gastric lavage C/I same for gastric lavage / stomach wash/ use of Boas’ tube/ Ewald’s tube- Absolute - corrosive poisons. [gradestack.com]

  Avoid gastric lavage because of the risk of inhalation and hence pneumonitis. If very large amounts of kerosene have been ingested less than an hour earlier then lavage may be considered if the airway can be protected by expert intubation. [southsudanmedicaljournal.com]

  LAVAGE Gastric lavage has been used for many years to empirically remove ingested toxins from the stomach. [aafp.org]

  lavage may be performed Antibiotics Hydrocarbon Aspiration/Pneumonitis. [learningradiology.com]

• Unconsciousness

  Do NOT give water or milk if the patient is unconscious (has a decreased level of alertness). If the person breathed in the poison, immediately move him or her to fresh air. [coordinatedhealth.com]

  DO NOT give water or milk if the person is unconscious (has a decreased level of alertness). If the person breathed in the poison, immediately move them to fresh air. [mountsinai.org]

• Fatigue

  Other antacid products would have the gallstones symptoms joint pain fatigue. [ict-accordance.eu]

  Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning's first symptoms include fatigue and possibly chest pain, followed by dizziness, nausea, confusion and lack of coordination. Carbon monoxide poisoning can be fatal. [livestrong.com]

  On the brain, it can cause somnolence (excessive sleeping), headache, ataxia (staggering movement), dizziness, blurred vision, weakness, fatigue, lethargy, stupor, seizure, and coma. [askthepaediatricians.com]

  The spasms fatigue or emotional stress. [banksuenden.eu]

• Lymphadenopathy

  Temperature of 38.9°C, mild pallor but was dehydrated with significant cervical lymphadenopathy. He was also found to be in respiratory distress evidence by flaring of alae nasi, intercostal recession and tachypnoea (RR=52/min). [nigeriamedj.com]

• Cough

  Vomiting, cough, fever and drowsiness were the most common symptoms observed. Twenty-four of 48 patients X-rayed showed pneumonia. There were no deaths. Physical findings were normal in those patients who were seen at follow-up clinic. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  He said that most healthy people would get nothing more than a sore throat or maybe a cough. But, since I was already suffering from a lung infection, the chemicals took me down fast. So, my Dx was changed from pneumonia to chemical pneumonitis. [healthboards.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  These included varying degrees of perihilar and lung infiltration, pulmonary cystic changes, pleural effusion, empyema, pneumomediastinum and surgical emphysema. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Keywords: Hydrocarbon, kerosene aspiration, pleural effusion How to cite this article: Prasad R, Karmakar S, Sodhi R, Karmakar S. Bilateral hemorrhagic pleural effusion due to kerosene aspiration. [lungindia.com]

• Rales

  While diagnosing these cases, clinical signs suggested of pulmonary and other systemic involvements like dyspnea, tachypnea, sweating, tachycardia, chest pain, cyanosis, rales, hemoptysis, seizure, phlebitis, vomiting, agitation, fever, pleuritis, cough [scialert.net]

  Respiratory symptoms -Early tachypnoea ,rales hemoptysis ,gagging choking ,transient cyanosis,pumonary edema,continued non productive cough -late pnemonia( chemical and bacterial) 13. [slideshare.net]

• Dyspnea

  In bathroom cleaner group dyspnea was most common symptom observed. All three fatalities of our study were from the bathroom cleaner group, the subjects had ingested strong acids. [bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com]

  Initial symptoms may include chest pain and dyspnea. Over subsequent hours, pulmonary infiltrates may occur on the chest roentgenogram. Hypoxemia and pulmonary edema are common and requiring ventilatory support. [scialert.net]

• Vomiting

  The most commonly observed symptoms were cough (67.2%), tachypnea (56.5%), fever (54.1%), and vomiting (27.8%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Induce vomiting. Begin artificial Begin artificial respiration. Strychnine Some vermin killers Induce vomiting if there are no spasms. If breathing is irregular or has stopped, give artificial respiration. [webhealthcentre.com]

  If vomiting is not being induced, the poison should be diluted by giving the victim a glass of water or milk. Repeat this, but if nausea ensues, discontinue the process. If the victim vomits, save the vomit for subsequent analysis. [aarogya.com]

  Unlike most poisoning cases where mothers always try to induce vomiting so as to get rid of the poison quickly….this is a no – no in kerosene poisoning. Do not induce vomiting!!! [askthepaediatricians.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  Vomiting was reported in 65%, abdominal pain in 2% and diarrhoea in 2%. There was no mortality. Analysis of radiological data showed a wide spectrum of pulmonary changes with a high incidence of pleural effusions and pneumatocoeles. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms Airways and lungs Breathing difficulty (from inhalation) Throat swelling (may also cause breathing difficulty) Eyes, ears, nose, and throat Pain Vision loss Gastrointestinal Abdominal pain Bloody stools Burns of the esophagus (food pipe) Vomiting [coordinatedhealth.com]

  AIRWAYS AND LUNGS Breathing difficulty (from inhalation) Throat swelling (may also cause breathing difficulty) EYES, EARS, NOSE, AND THROAT Pain Vision loss STOMACH AND INTESTINES Abdominal pain Bloody stools Burns of the esophagus (food pipe) Vomiting [mountsinai.org]

• Nausea

  Toxidromes/Toxic Symptoms and Antidotes Type of poisoning Agents Toxidromes/toxic symptoms Antidotes Acetaminophen Acetaminophen Abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, elevated aspartate transaminase level (greater than 1,000 IU per L after 24 hours), jaundice [aafp.org]

  Repeat this, but if nausea ensues, discontinue the process. If the victim vomits, save the vomit for subsequent analysis. If respirations cease or are shallow and irregular give the victim mouth–to–mouth artificial respiration. [aarogya.com]

  Over the next 3 days he had nausea but no vomiting. Nausea subsided after that. Signs of oral kerosene poisoning include diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. [lungindia.com]

  Cough. (82%) fever (69%) and vomiting and Nausea (78%) were the dominant symptoms. Radiologically Right lower lobe infiltration was seen in 52.3% in children and bilateral lower lobe infiltration was seen in 13.3 % of children. [igmpublication.org]

  Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning's first symptoms include fatigue and possibly chest pain, followed by dizziness, nausea, confusion and lack of coordination. Carbon monoxide poisoning can be fatal. [livestrong.com]

• Diarrhea

  Symptoms of kerosene poisoning include vomiting, diarrhea, stomach cramps or swelling in the stomach, coughing, restlessness, and drowsiness or unconsciousness. [livestrong.com]

  Signs of oral kerosene poisoning include diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. [lungindia.com]

  Acid Reflux; Constipation; Diarrhea; Diverticulitis; A.M.P. Key statistics for zinc excess hair loss keep dow pancreatic cancer. [banksuenden.eu]

  […] nausea, vomiting Calcium chloride, glucagons (Glucagen), digoxin immune fab (Digibind) Cholinergic, muscarinic Carbamates, some mushrooms, organophosphates, physostigmine, pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine), pyridostigmine Salivation, lacrimation, urination, diarrhea [aafp.org]

  […] suspected suicidal or homicidal poisoning. 3) Definitive history of ingestion of household substance not available. 4) Children having history of poison exposure through other routes like ocular or nasal as well as with any other concurrent illness like diarrhea [bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com]

• Cyanosis

  Respiratory symptoms -Early tachypnoea ,rales hemoptysis ,gagging choking ,transient cyanosis,pumonary edema,continued non productive cough -late pnemonia( chemical and bacterial) 13. [slideshare.net]

  The signs of pneumonitis also include cough, tachypnoea and tachycardia, cyanosis, pulmonary crepitations and rhonchi. [southsudanmedicaljournal.com]

  In statistical study, only hemoptysis, cyanosis and kerosene odor had significant differences between two groups with p-value of 0.024. [scialert.net]

  […] ingestion Aspiration produces a direct toxic effect on lung parenchyma resulting in a pneumonitis Hemorrhagic alveolitis can peak 3 days after ingestion Clinical Findings Respiratory symptoms can be delayed several hours after ingestion Cough and hypoxia Cyanosis [learningradiology.com]

  Young children may have cyanosis, hold their breath, and cough persistently. Older children and adults may report burning in the stomach. Aspiration pneumonitis causes hypoxia and respiratory distress. [merckmanuals.com]

• Thrombosis

  HISTOPATHOLOGY -bronchospasm - interstitial inflammation -atelactasis -emphysema -hyperemia -infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells -vascular thrombosis -bronchial and bronchiolar necrosis -intraalveolar hemorrhage and edema 11. [slideshare.net]

• Eczema

  Physiological Stress Symptoms Chest face originate or path through our neck of stress and anxiety including light eczema type rashes around Steroids are the strongest class of asthma medications and can cause to control eathing and relieve stress and [banksuenden.eu]

• Lacrimation

  […] dizziness, heart block, nausea, vomiting Calcium chloride, glucagons (Glucagen), digoxin immune fab (Digibind) Cholinergic, muscarinic Carbamates, some mushrooms, organophosphates, physostigmine, pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine), pyridostigmine Salivation, lacrimation [aafp.org]

• Headache

  Gastrointestinal Abdominal pain Bloody stools Burns of the esophagus (food pipe) Vomiting, possibly with blood Heart and blood Collapse Low blood pressure — develops rapidly Nervous system Convulsions Depression Dizziness Drowsiness Euphoria (“drunk” feeling) Headache [coordinatedhealth.com]

  I also have what I won't call a headache, but there's this kind of dull pressure in my skull, particularly behind my eyes. Other than that I feel fine. [homeofpoi.com]

  Gastrointestinal Abdominal pain Bloody stools Burns of the esophagus (food pipe) Vomiting, possibly with blood Heart and blood Collapse Low blood pressure -- develops rapidly Nervous system Convulsions Depression Dizziness Drowsiness Euphoria ("drunk" feeling) Headache [healthmedicinet.com]

  INTESTINES Abdominal pain Bloody stools Burns of the esophagus (food pipe) Vomiting, possibly with blood HEART AND BLOOD Collapse Low blood pressure -- develops rapidly NERVOUS SYSTEM Convulsions Depression Dizziness Drowsiness Euphoria ("drunk" feeling) Headache [mountsinai.org]

• Responsiveness Decreasing

  Decreased alertness and responsiveness Depression Dizziness Drowsiness Feeling of being drunk (euphoria) Headache Staggering Weakness SKIN Burns Irritation Get medical help right away. [medlineplus.gov]

• Chest X-Ray Abnormal

  Chest X-ray abnormalities were frequently seen. The patients were treated symptomatically. Only one patient died, he had been in a coma on admission to the hospital. All other patients had rapid and complete recoveries. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• X-Ray Abnormal

  Chest X-ray abnormalities were frequently seen. The patients were treated symptomatically. Only one patient died, he had been in a coma on admission to the hospital. All other patients had rapid and complete recoveries. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Mediastinal Shift

  Diagnosis of tension pneumothorax can be on clinical ground and confirmed by a chest x-ray film which shows a hyperlucent hemithorax, a separation of the visceral from the parietal pleural, flattening of diaphragm and mediastinal shift to the contralateral [nigeriamedj.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  These included varying degrees of perihilar and lung infiltration, pulmonary cystic changes, pleural effusion, empyema, pneumomediastinum and surgical emphysema. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Keywords: Hydrocarbon, kerosene aspiration, pleural effusion How to cite this article: Prasad R, Karmakar S, Sodhi R, Karmakar S. Bilateral hemorrhagic pleural effusion due to kerosene aspiration. [lungindia.com]

TREATMENT • HOME TREATMENT • TREATMENT IN HOSPITAL 19. [slideshare.net]

Treatments reported other than gastric lavage were oxygen, oxygen under pressure, penicillin and other antibiotics, and corticosteroids. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Asymptomatic patients (35%) can be discharged, while those with pulmonary or neurological signs must be admitted for observation and supportive treatment based on oxygen administration. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This is mostly the case with mild poisoning Since, kerosene is a poisonous substance, the severity of damage to the body, and consequently the prognosis, is dependent on the amount of chemical ingested and promptness with which treatment is provided In [dovemed.com]

• CLINICAL FEATURES • COMPLICATION • INVESTIGATION • TREATMENT • PROGNOSIS • CONCLUSION • REVIEW QUESTION 4. [slideshare.net]

[…] through a vein (IV) Oxygen Surgical removal of burned skin (skin debridement) Tube through the mouth into the stomach to wash out the stomach ( gastric lavage ) Washing of the skin (irrigation) — perhaps every few hours for several days Expectations (prognosis [coordinatedhealth.com]

Fluids through a vein (IV) Oxygen Surgical removal of burned skin (skin debridement) Tube through the mouth into the stomach to wash out the stomach ( gastric lavage ) Washing of the skin (irrigation) -- perhaps every few hours for several days Outlook (Prognosis [healthmedicinet.com]

[…] through a vein (IV) Oxygen Surgical removal of burned skin (skin debridement) Tube through the mouth into the stomach to wash out the stomach ( gastric lavage ) Washing of the skin (irrigation) -- perhaps every few hours for several days Expectations (prognosis [indiatoday.intoday.in]

ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS • Inappropriate storage • attractive colour • pleasant odour • low socioeconomic status • inquisitive nature • lack of parental awareness • hot seasons 8. [slideshare.net]

Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Kerosene intoxication: An experimental approach to the etiology of the CNS manifestations in primates'. Together they form a unique fingerprint. [jhu.pure.elsevier.com]

Kerosene intoxication: an experimental approach to the etiology of the CNS manifestations in primates J Wolfsdorf et al. J Pediatr. 1976 Jun. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In addition, hemolysis has been reported following the acute ingestion of various types of hydrocarbons. [11] Etiology Hydrocarbon exposure can be divided into the 4 broad categories summarized below. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Abstract Clinical, radiological and epidemiological data from 205 children with kerosene poisoning, admitted over a period of four years to the Paediatric Department of the Chest Hospital, are analysed. All children had chest radiographs. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The other cases were used to examine various epidemiologic characteristics of the problem. Gastric lavage was not harmful to the patients, but there was no conclusive evidence that it was beneficial. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

View Article Google Scholar Mahdi AH, Taha SA, Al Rifai MR: Epidemiology of accidental home poisoning in Riyadh (Saudi Arabia). Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 37: 291-295. 10.1136/jech.37.4.291. [bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com]

Epidemiology In 2019, 29,151 single exposures to hydrocarbon poisoning were reported to US poison control centers. Of those, 7619 were in children younger than 6 years of age, and another 3261 were in older children and teenagers. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology of pediatric poison exposures: an analysis of 2003 poison control center data. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med. 2005;6(2):68–75. 7. Osterhoudt K. The toxic toddler: drugs that can kill in small doses. Contemp Pediatr. 2000;3:73–88. 8. [aafp.org]

Certain topics are discussed in depth either because of their clinical importance or because recent data have become available concerning pathophysiology or treatment. [books.google.com]

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Aspiration of hydrocaron inhibit surfactant alveolar instability, early distal air way closure ventilation perfusion mismatch hypoxia 10. [slideshare.net]

Pathophysiology The toxicity of hydrocarbons is directly related to their physical properties, specifically the viscosity, volatility, surface tension, and chemical activity of the side chains. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Prevention of kerosene poisoning The most important thing is prevention. [askthepaediatricians.com]

Our study suggests management and provides a discussion for therapeutic options and emphasizes the importance of prevention. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Abstract ABSTRACT Introduction : Kerosene Poisoning is an important and preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. Kerosene aspiration may be associated with pulmonary complications and sometimes death. [igmpublication.org]

Complications though rare were potentially preventable by community education and awareness on timely attention to seek medical care, and avoidance of harmful first aid practices. [unboundmedicine.com]