We present a case consistent with a newly recognized KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS), distinct from KSHV-MCD. [cureus.com]

• Inflammation

  Viewing inflammation, with markers new and old. CAP Today [On-line information]. Available online through http://www.cap.org. Accessed June 2014. Kaptoge, S. et. al. (2014). [labtestsonline.it]

  The IL-6 and IL-10 overexpression synergistically contributes to the unchecked activation of inflammation and the transformation of KSHV-related malignancies [8]. [cureus.com]

• Respiratory Distress

  KICS also mimics severe sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), often requiring ventilator and vasopressor support, but antibiotics do not help. [cureus.com]

Comprehensive workups failed to find any other infection source in our patient. [cureus.com]

• Human Herpesvirus 8

  We investigated the ability of Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) to protect cells from apoptosis induced by the virus. HHV-8 has been shown to harbor genes with anti-apoptotic capacity. [semanticscholar.org]

  References Prieto-Barrios M, Aragon-Miguel R, Tarrago-Asensio D, Lalueza A, Zarco-Olivo C: Human herpesvirus 8-associated inflammatory cytokine syndrome. [cureus.com]

Similar articles Successful treatment of an HIV-positive patient with unmasking Kaposi's sarcoma immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Speicher DJ, Sehu MM, Johnson NW, Shaw DR. Speicher DJ, et al. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Thus far, treatment regimens parallel to those used for KSHV-MCD have been the most logical approach [9]. [cureus.com]

Systematic literature review of IL-6 as a biomarker or treatment target in patients with gastric, bile duct, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. Oncotarget. 2018 Jul 3;9(51):29820-29841. Scheller J, Chalaris A, Schmidt-Arras D, Rose-John S. [labtestsonline.it]

The prognosis of KICS is poor compared to KSHV-MCD with a high mortality rate at 60%, is often refractory to available treatment, and carries a greater relapse rate after a short remission period [2,5]. [cureus.com]