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Complications of pregnancy recorded on the birth certificate included first-trimester bleeding, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios, anemia, preeclampsia, and PROM. [journals.lww.com]

Women receiving episiotomies have been shown to have a higher incidence of perineal trauma and maternal blood loss during delivery and more pelvic pain, sexual dysfunction, and urinary incontinence in the postpartum period. 23 Episiotomy should be performed [clinicalgate.com]

The vascularity of the cervix also increases, giving rise to Chadwick’s sign (a blue-violet coloration). At the onset of labor, the cervical mucus plug is expelled, resulting in what is called a bloody show. [clinicalgate.com]