Of the 19 subjects, an "abnormal" LBT pre-probiotic was present in ten subjects and during the probiotic, 13 were abnormal. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a process for preparing a lactulose syrup. [google.com]

• Aspiration

  Rectal When the adult patient is in the impending coma or coma stage of portal- systemic encephalopathy and the danger of aspiration exists, or when the necessary endoscopic or intubation procedures physically interfere with the administration of the [rxlist.com]

  […] administration, reconstitute powder by dissolving contents of a 10- or 20-g packet in approximately 120 mL of water. 1 Rectal Administration May administer rectally to adults with PSE during stages of hepatic pre-coma or coma when the possibility of aspiration [drugs.com]

  Talley, Clinical predictors of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth by duodenal aspirate culture: authors’ reply, Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 33, 12, (1379-1380), (2011). [doi.org]

• Diarrhea

  The dosage of lactulose for chronic idiopathic constipation is adjusted depending on the constipation severity and desired effect, from a mild stool softener to causing diarrhea. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Severe diarrhea may lead to hypovolemia, hypokalemia, and hypernatremia, especially in elderly or acutely ill patients. If diarrhea develops, the dosage should be reduced. [drugs.com]

  If initial dose causes diarrhea, reduce dose immediately; discontinue if diarrhea persists. Contraindications: Patients who require a low galactose diet. [empr.com]

  […] difficile (5), chronic diarrhea and malnutrition (6), and infectious diarrhea (7). [scielo.br]

  You have to find out how the Lactulose works best for you to get good results and to avoid diarrhea. For me it's 33ml once or twice a day. Sometimes I find I need to go a few days without taking it to avoid diarrhea. [ibstales.com]

• Borborygmi

  For the Consumer Applies to lactulose : oral powder and solution Side effects include: Gaseous distention, belching, flatulence, borborygmi, abdominal discomfort (e.g., cramping). Dehydration and hyponatremia in infants. [drugs.com]

  […] serum electrolyte concentrations (e.g., potassium, chloride, carbon dioxide) periodically during therapy in geriatric, debilitated patients who receive lactulose for >6 months. 1 Common Adverse Effects Gaseous distention, 1 belching, 1 flatulence, 1 2 borborygmi [web.archive.org]

• Rectal Mass

  mass on physical examination. 15 Children aged six month to 15 years were included in this study. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Bad Taste

  However, bad taste was reported significantly more often in the PEG group. CONCLUSIONS: PEG 3350 (0.26 (0.11) g/kg), compared with lactulose (0.66 (0.32) g/kg), provided a higher success rate with fewer side effects. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Although a significant number of children did not like the salty taste of PEG 3350, compliance was high. Only one child prematurely finished the study because of bad palatability. [doi.org]

• Formication

  These alpha-dicarbonyls are prone to further oxidation to generate formic acid. [chemistry.stackexchange.com]

  Nondigestible in mammals, lactulose passes unabsorbed down to the large intestine where resident bacteria consume it and produce lactic, acetic, and formic acids, which draw fluid into the bowel to soften the stool (laxative effect). [fpnotebook.com]

  […] following oral administration; negligible absorption from colon. 1 Elimination Metabolism Absorbed drug not metabolized. 1 Unabsorbed drug reaches colon unchanged, where it is metabolized by bacteria to form lactic acid and small amounts of acetic and formic [drugs.com]

• Pneumoperitoneum

  The increased gas pressure caused extravasation of air into the intestine, causing PI with pneumoperitoneum. They both resolved with discontinuation of lactulose. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hyponatremia

  Adverse Reactions: Gas, cramping, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting; infants: also hyponatremia, dehydration. Note: Formerly known under the brand names Cephulac, Chronulac, Evalose. How Supplied: Contact supplier. [empr.com]

  Dehydration and hyponatremia in infants. [drugs.com]

  periodically during therapy in geriatric, debilitated patients who receive lactulose for >6 months. 1 Common Adverse Effects Gaseous distention, 1 belching, 1 flatulence, 1 2 borborygmi, 1 abdominal discomfort (e.g., cramping). 1 2 Dehydration and hyponatremia [web.archive.org]

Comparative modes of action of lactitol and lactulose in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. [doi.org]

In accordance with previous studies, a low encopresis frequency and a short period of treatment before enrolment were associated with successful treatment outcome. 18 A longer period of treatment suggests an early age of onset of constipation, indicating [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Interactions Pregnancy More Introduction A synthetic derivative of lactose; an ammonia detoxicant and laxative. 1 2 Uses for Lactulose Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy Used as an adjunct to protein restriction and supportive therapy for prevention and treatment [drugs.com]

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Minimal hepatic encephalopathy is associated with poor prognosis and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Demographics: Age 40.4 years, male sex 75% Etiology of liver disease: Alcohol 63.4%, HBV 15.9%, HCV 4.8%, other 15.9% Baseline laboratory data: Hgb 8.1 g/dL, platelets 83,560, bilirubin 4.9 mg/dL, albumin 2.5 g/dL, AST 62.9 IU/L, ALT 68.1 IU/L, alk phos [wikijournalclub.org]

Altered mental status in cirrhosis: etiologies and outcomes. J Investig Med. 2013;61(4):695-700. PubMed Google Scholar 13. Colli A, Fraquelli M, Andreoletti M, Marino B, Zuccoli E, Conte D. [jamanetwork.com]

Gastroenterology. 1990 Feb;98(2):353-60. [ PubMed:2295390 ] Goto K, Chew F, Torun B, Peerson JM, Brown KH: Epidemiology of altered intestinal permeability to lactulose and mannitol in Guatemalan infants. [hmdb.ca]

Spiegel, Questioning the Bacterial Overgrowth Hypothesis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Epidemiologic and Evolutionary Perspective, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 9, 6, (461), (2011). [doi.org]

Epidemiology of altered intestinal permeability to lactulose and mannitol in Guatemalan infants. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 28: 282-290. [ Links ] Correspondence and Footnotes Address for correspondence: A.A.M. [scielo.br]

Abstract It has been known that the pathophysiology of carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is related to hypoxia, the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Montes, Complications of Cirrhosis, Liver Pathophysiology, 10.1016/B978-0-12-804274-8.00033-3, (427-433), (2017). [doi.org]

Lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis Lactulose versus lactitol for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis Population: prevention and treatment [doi.org]

Dosage Professional Interactions Pregnancy More Introduction A synthetic derivative of lactose; an ammonia detoxicant and laxative. 1 2 Uses for Lactulose Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy Used as an adjunct to protein restriction and supportive therapy for prevention [drugs.com]

Constulose, Enulose, Generlac, Kristalose Introduction A synthetic derivative of lactose; an ammonia detoxicant and laxative. 1 2 Uses for Lactulose Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy Used as an adjunct to protein restriction and supportive therapy for prevention [web.archive.org]

Lactulose is effective for prevention of recurrence of HE in patients with cirrhosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]