A relevant case of laryngeal tuberculosis presenting as a supraglottic carcinoma is presented, its diagnosis and management are detailed, and suggestions are offered based on a literature review. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Weight Loss

  This infection should be considered in patients with unexplained dysphonia and weight loss. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  A 46-year-old man with dysphonia, dysphagia, and weight loss View Case [ajnr.org]

  […] reduces food intake thus causing weight loss. [journals.plos.org]

• Inflammation

  inflammation or chronic inflammation without necrosis). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  ICD-10-CM A15.5 is grouped within Diagnostic Related Group(s) (MS-DRG v 36.0): 177 Respiratory infections and inflammations with mcc 178 Respiratory infections and inflammations with cc 179 Respiratory infections and inflammations without cc/mcc 974 Hiv [icd10data.com]

  Biopsy of the primary growth itself is diagnostic and may show caseating granulomatous inflammation. Microbiological confirmation, though desirable, may not always be possible. The response to antitubercular treatment is good. [lungindia.com]

  (D) Overview of a necrotising granulomatous inflammation: granulomas on the left side and necrosis on the right. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

• Amyloidosis

  Rarely systemic diseases as amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, Wegener’s granulomatosis or tuberculosis can cause vocal dysfunction too. That is why laryngeal tuberculosis is often forgotten in case of persistent hoarseness. [degruyter.com]

  […] differentiation from other chronic diseases such as neoplasia [ 3, 8, 16 ], other granulomatous infectious diseases such as leishmaniasis and paracoccidioidomycosis [ 14 ], and non-infectious granulomatous diseases such as Wegener’s granulomatosis and amyloidosis [journals.plos.org]

• Pathologist

  Communication with the pathologist ensured that HPV and acid-fast stains were performed, making a true diagnosis possible. It is important to recognize that laryngeal tuberculosis may mimic squamous papilloma on laryngoscopy and histology. [enttoday.org]

• Hoarseness

  A high index of suspicion for laryngeal TB is required in patients who present with hoarseness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Case presentation: A 72 year old man presented with hoarseness of voice, low grade fever, and night sweating with in three month duration. [caspjim.com]

• Laryngeal Disease

  Our second patient presented with prolonged chest symptoms, initial positive sputum for acid-fast bacilli and localized granulomatous laryngeal disease, features of far advanced "adult" disease and bronchogenic laryngeal spread. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Ulcer

  There were no significant ulcerations or signs of perichondritis. The patients' ages ranged from 48.5 years to 69.3 years (mean, 59.4 years). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  TVC – ulcerated (Mouse niblled appearance) [gradestack.com]

  Laryngoscopy showed an ulcerated and granular lesion in the ventricular folds, larynx vestibule and bilateral vocal cords ( Figure 1A ). [academic.oup.com]

  TUBERCULOSIS OF LARYNX- PATHOLOGY• Posterior part of larynx affected than anterior• Formation of submucosal tubercles which later may caseate and ulcerate producing undermined ulcers• There may be infiltration of epiglottis and arytenoids• Self limiting [slideshare.net]

  ) silicotuberculosis ( J65 ) Tuberculosis Approximate Synonyms Tuberculosis (tb) bronchus Tuberculosis (tb) with laryngitis Tuberculosis of bronchus Tuberculous laryngitis Clinical Information Tuberculosis involving the larynx, producing ulceration [icd10data.com]

• Erythema

  The right vocal cord was predominantly affected and the tracheal mucous membrane showed edema and erythema. [journals.lww.com]

• Perseveration

  As the nutritive value of the above diet is very considerable a certain amount of latitude may be allowed in this respect, and at the same time the patient should be encouraged to persevere with the full diet. [chestofbooks.com]

• Cavitary Lesion

  Two large 7.5 x 5 cm and 6 x 4 cm cavitary lesions were seen in the right and left infraclavicular regions, respectively. [ispub.com]

• Skin Test Positive

  Induration The firm skin reaction occurring after a tuberculin skin test to diagnose latent TB infection. It is measured, and the result used to determine whether the test result is classified as positive or negative. [nice.org.uk]

• Acid-Fast Bacilli in the Sputum

  All were suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis confirmed by abnormal chest x-rays, elevated ESR and predilection for laryngeal involvement was not demon- presence of acid fast bacilli in the sputum smear. [jpma.org.pk]

  Ziehl-Neelsen staining of the tissue biopsies and sputum revealed acid-fast bacilli (Figure 3B ). Sputum culture turned out to be positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. [jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com]

  In that case, acid fast bacilli in the sputum infect laryngeal mucosa via direct contact. That way, the posterior part of the larynx is affected most often with disease gradually progressing to the other parts of the larynx. [degruyter.com]

• Granulomatous Tissue

  Granulomatous tissue was present in the posterior commissure. Biopsies from the area confirmed TB.[4] Discussion: This case presents a threat to health care workers and other patients if TB antibiotics were not timeously given. [epostersonline.com]

An obvious improvement in acoustic analytical parameters was also found following treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Extensive laser excision before diagnosis should be avoided because after antituberculous treatment, prognosis is usually good and vocal fold immobility could be reversible. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Before anti-tubercular drug use, in the 1950’s, it was a common and frequently fatal disease but it’s clinical features, age group involved and prognosis has changed over the last few decades. [scopemed.org]

Antitubercular therapy offers a good prognosis. This patient became asymptomatic after one month of chemotherapy. Conclusion Laryngeal tuberculosis is no more a rare condition, with the incidence of 4% among all cases of tuberculosis. [tjmrjournal.org]

• Painless asymptomatic condition may be discovered incidentally• Prognosis is good• Treatment is anti tubercular drugs 21. MYCOSIS OF LARYNX• Following mycosis can occur in the larynx1. Candidiasis2. Coccidioidmycosis3. Paracoccidioidmycosis4. [slideshare.net]

An antituberculous therapy offers a good prognosis, generally curing the disease without any sequel. Most lesions disappear over a 2-month period, as in the present case. [lungindia.com]

Although tuberculosis and carcinoma may be indistinguishable clinically and radiographically, specific radiographic studies better delineate the lesion and may suggest its true etiology. Five cases of laryngeal tuberculosis referred to M.D. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] immunosuppressive treatments. 2,3 Although the pulmonary system is most commonly affected, extrapulmonary involvement occurs in sites that include the lymphatics, pleura, bone, genitourinary system, meninges, peritoneum and larynx. 4,5 There are two theories on the etiology [enttoday.org]

Four etiological models appear to have dominated medical thinking in this context: contagion, physiological disorders, hereditary predispositions, and links to behavior and lifestyles. [en.citizendium.org]

Currently, ulcerated lesions are still observed [ 13, 25, 35 ], but some authors suggest that the lesions are hypertrophic or exophytic in most cases, and difficult to distinguish from chronic laryngitis of other etiologies [ 10, 15, 35 ]. [journals.plos.org]

There are many important changes incorporated into this edition, including the dramatic effect of AIDS on the incidence and clinical mani festations of mycobacterial infection, new developments in epidemiology and bacteriology, and thoroughly updated [books.google.de]

Difference in transmissibility between bronchial and laryngeal tuberculosis – A retrospective epidemiological study of TB patients newly registered in recent 19 years in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. Kekkaku. 2006;81(6):419-24. [ijmedicine.com]

Epidemiological considerations and clinical features of ENT tuberculosis. J Laryngol Otol 2001;115(7):555–8. [ CrossRef ] [ Pubmed ] Fernandes L, Mesqnita A. Stridor presentation in laryngeal tuberculosis. Indian J Tuberc 1997;44:93–4. [ijcasereportsandimages.com]

Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States, 1993-2006. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49(9):1350-1357. Yencha MW, Linfesty R, Blackmon A. Laryngeal tuberculosis. Am J Otolaryngol. 2000;21(2):122-126. Auerbach O. Laryngeal tuberculosis. [enttoday.org]

Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the United States, 1985 through 1992. JAMA 1994;272:535-9. 3. Chavalittamrong B, Ratanarapee S, Vitavasiri A, Talalak P. Tuberculous laryngitis in childhood. J Med Assoc Thai 1982;65:388-94. 4. [journals.lww.com]

The pathophysiology and natural course of the disease are discussed. The incidence of apical tuberculosis and associated laryngeal spread is noted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We studied the prevention of secondary infections of laryngeal tuberculosis. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

It is necessary to detect the disease early to prevent the development of severe sequalae or mortality. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

As with the first edition, it is hoped that this text will continue to represent a definitive resource for both the basic scientist and the clinician who deal with the prevention and treatment of mycobacterial infection. [books.google.de]

In many cases the dysphagia is of quite slight degree and far from being severe enough to prevent the patient taking an ordinary diet. [chestofbooks.com]