Images
Presentation
The morphologic type of LM may vary by presentation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
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Pathologist
Evaluation of swallowing was performed at two time points by two blinded speech-language pathologists, one responsible for clinical evaluation and the other for videofluoroscopic study. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
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Turkish
To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first of a Turkish patient with Vici syndrome. Copyright 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Respiratoric
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Tachypnea
Referral to a specialist such as the Children’s ENT and Facial Plastic Clinic is appropriate if one or more of the following criteria are met in addition to noisy breathing/stridor: Respiratory distress- tachypnea, retractions, tracheal tugging, apnea [childrensmn.org]
Jaw & Teeth
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Receding Chin
Other alterations frequently observed are decreased biparietal diameter, hypertelorism, hypotelorism, absent eyebrows, prominent eyes with ptosis, receding chin, dysmorphic ears, large extremities, prominent nasal bridge, long philtrum, epicthus, strabismus [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Cardiovascular
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Thrombosis
A case of an 11-year-old boy who presented with basilar artery thrombosis and a midpontine infarction is described. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Skin
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Alopecia
Syndromes that have been associated with laryngomalacia include diastrophic dysplasia, alopecia universalis congenital, XY gonadal dysgenesis, Costello syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome, and acrocallosal syndrome. [5] The inheritance pattern depends upon the [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]
Workup
CONCLUSIONS: AF is a commonly used modality in the diagnostic workup of a patient with stridor. The effectiveness of AF is limited when compared to endoscopy when used for the evaluation of laryngomalacia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
If the baby has normal cry, normal weight gain, normal development, and purely inspiratory noise that developed within the first 2 months of life, then no further workup may be necessary. [emedicine.medscape.com]
The workup will begin with a thorough medical history. To follow, a flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy will be performed safely at your otolaryngologist’s (ENT’s) office. [texaschildrens.org]
Treatment
Currently, supraglottoplasty is considered the standard treatment of severe laryngomalacia. OBJECTIVE: To describe the experience of the authors in the surgical treatment of patients with severe laryngomalacia. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
Despite the primarily benign nature of laryngomalacia, comorbid conditions can exacerbate symptoms and negatively affect the prognosis. Aryepiglottoplasty can be performed with high success and low complication rates in properly selected patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Chapman & Hall Medical 1995): Prognosis: Good in cases treatable by simple aortopexy. [kidsdoc.at]
Aim: The aim of this study was to assess clinical presentation, management and prognosis of infants and children suffering from laryngomalacia presented to our department in the period of 5 years. [nature.com]
Conclusion: In most children, the prognosis is favorable, as airway obstruction is not severe, and the symptoms improve in patients younger than 2 years. [thieme-connect.com]
Etiology
Abstract Laryngomalacia is an entity of ill-defined etiology. The clinical situation is one of inspiratory stridor present at birth, or within the newborn period. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
This report suggests that etiologic and pathophysiologic heterogeniety exists for the clinical syndrome of laryngomalacia. [doi.org]
Some authors suggest that mucosal inflammation as the result of gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) may also be an etiological consideration 2. Where there is suspicion of GERD, it should be treated. [radiopaedia.org]
Epidemiology
Epidemiological data along with symptoms, comorbidities, morphological type of laryngomalacia, synchronous airway lesions, surgery outcomes and satisfaction of parents after the procedure were recorded. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology [ edit ] Although this is a congenital lesion, airway sounds typically begin at age 4–6 weeks. Until that age, inspiratory flow rates may not be high enough to generate the sounds. [en.wikipedia.org]
[…] neuromuscular control of the supportive cartilaginous structures of the airway Supraglottic edema due to laryngeal inflammation Most cases of laryngomalacia resolve by 18-24 months, however, 10% will present with severe features requiring surgical intervention Epidemiology [medicine.uiowa.edu]
Epidemiology Frequency United States Frequency is unknown. Often, the diagnosis is presumed. Mortality/Morbidity Rarely, the lesion may cause enough hypoxemia or hypoventilation to interfere with normal growth and development. [emedicine.com]
Pathophysiology
Despite its being widely discussed in the literature, the pathophysiology is not clearly understood. Both anatomic and neuromuscular theories have been suggested to explain laryngomalacia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Tracheomalacia Pathophysiology – expiratory collapse of the intrathoracic airway, due to defective cartilaginous support. [pedclerk.bsd.uchicago.edu]
Vicencio, MD Sanjay Parikh, MD Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Children’s Hospital at Montefiore Bronx, NY Tracheomalacia and Bronchomalacia in Children: Pathophysiology, Assessment, Treatment and Anaesthesia Management. Austin J, Ali T. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]
Prevention
Prevention There are no current guidelines to prevent laryngomalacia because the cause is not known. [winchesterhospital.org]
While you can’t prevent laryngomalacia, you may be able to help prevent medical emergencies related to the condition. Consider the following strategies: Know what signs to look for when it comes to feeding, weight gain, and breathing. [healthline.com]
Treatment may also be done to prevent future problems with the heart and lungs. What are the symptoms? The main symptom is a high-pitched, squeaking sound when your child inhales. [myhealth.alberta.ca]
Premedication of patients with laryngomalacia is essential to prevent vagal responses and as an antisialogogue, sedation is to be used judiciously. [ijaweb.org]