Presentation
We present two cases of ulcerative lesions of the larynx in immunocompetent children, one with PCR positive HSV, which presented as severe croup requiring intensive care unit admission. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
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Hypothermia
Bacterial disease can be triggered by living in the respiratory tract by microorganisms in a combination favorable for the development of infection factors: hypothermia, reduced immune defense, the frequent recurrence of SARS. [medicalj-center.info]
Clinical findings include severe depression, hypothermia and muffling of heart sounds. Called also black disease. infectious pancreatic necrosis of fish a disease of salmonids caused by a group of related birnaviruses. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Cardiovascular
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Cyanosis
Severity of the illness was assessed by a clinical croup score based on retractions, stridor, air entry, cyanosis, and level of consciousness. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Grade 4: severe dyspnea with increasing respiratory insufficiency, cyanosis, risk of asphyxia, bradycardia and somnolence. [karger.com]
Treatment
The efficacy and adverse effects of nebulized racemic and L-epinephrine in the treatment of laryngotracheitis were compared. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Etiology
culling Note: Zoonotic (conjunctivitis in humans) 考察: etiology が原因論と訳されている、感染はエアロゾル若しくは便の汚染。臨床症状の green diarrhea につながる。主な呼吸器疾患で緑色下痢（便）を併発するのはニューカッスル病。鳥インフルと区別する際のキーワードになる。治療と予防の culling は殺処分だが、別の言い方に depopulation / destroyed がある。 [juuigakueigo.com]
Rising antibody titres to influenza viruses were observed in all three patients examined, suggesting strongly an etiological association between these viruses and acute laryngotracheobronchitis. [jstage.jst.go.jp]
In patients who worsen or do not improve after 3-5 days of empiric therapy, guidelines recommend exploration for resistant pathogens, structural abnormality, or noninfectious etiology. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Epidemiology
The standardised nested-PCR method described may be used to detect clinical and latent ILTV infections, and will be of significant value for both diagnostic and epidemiological studies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
View Article PubMed Google Scholar Blacker H, Kirkpatrick N, Rubite A, O'Rourke D, Noormohammadi A: Epidemiology of recent outbreaks of infectious laryngotracheitis in poultry in Australia. [bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com]
Prevention
Prevention Methods of prevention include strict biosecurity, quarantine or all-in/all-out operation. In the event of an outbreak vaccination of poultry over 4 weeks of age on affected sites would be considered on a case by case basis. [daera-ni.gov.uk]
To prevent the spread of pertussis, patients should be isolated for 5 days. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Protecting against ILT As there are no current treatments for ILT, preventing an outbreak of the disease is essential. [innovax-vaccines.com]
Prevention Quarantine, vaccination, if enzootic or epizootic in an area, after 4 weeks of age. All-in/all-out operation. Keep susceptible stock separate from vaccinated or recovered birds. [thepoultrysite.com]
Your child should also drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Asingle dose of an oral corticosteroid medication called dexamethasone or prednisolone will usually also be prescribed to help reduce the swelling in the throat. [zana.com]