During her physical examination, the patient was confused, drowsy, and she presented hyposthenia in her upper and lower limbs, symmetric and diffuse moderate hyporeflexia, and her temperature was 37.8 degrees C. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Rigor

  CONCLUSION: When considering a recommendation for a fiber supplement regimen to treat and/or prevent constipation, it is important to consider which fibers have the physical characteristics to exert a laxative effect, and which fiber supplements have rigorous [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Diarrhea

  The management of patients with chronic watery diarrhea is discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Bisacodyl: Cramps Diarrhea Senna; Cascara sagrada: Abdominal pain Bloody stools Collapse Diarrhea Phenolphthalein: Abdominal pain Collapse Diarrhea Dizziness Drop in blood pressure Low blood sugar Rash Sodium phosphate: Abdominal pain Collapse Diarrhea [medlineplus.gov]

• Abdominal Pain

  Three children discontinued treatment for refusal due to bad taste of the product (1 PEG-only, 2 PEG-EL); 1 (PEG-EL) for an adverse effect (abdominal pain). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Bisacodyl: Cramps Diarrhea Senna; Cascara sagrada: Abdominal pain Bloody stools Collapse Diarrhea Phenolphthalein: Abdominal pain Collapse Diarrhea Dizziness Drop in blood pressure Low blood sugar Rash Sodium phosphate: Abdominal pain Collapse Diarrhea [medlineplus.gov]

• Abdominal Cramps

  People who increase their fiber may abruptly suffer abdominal cramping, bloating, or gas. Gradually increase fiber intake. [webmd.com]

  Consumption can cause gas, abdominal cramps and diarrhea, and The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics warns against consuming more than 50 grams of sorbitol a day. [well.blogs.nytimes.com]

  cramping Senna - Sennosides induce defecation by acting directly on the intestinal mucosa or nerve plexus, which stimulates peristaltic activity, increasing intestinal motility; senna usually produces its action 8-12 hours after administration Osmotic [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea are the most common symptoms of a laxative overdose. Dehydration and electrolyte (body chemicals and minerals) imbalance are more common in children than adults. [medlineplus.gov]

• Chronic Diarrhea

  A 46-year-old man with chronic diarrhea underwent exhaustive investigations, including laparotomy, but a definitive diagnosis could not be made. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Below is a list of the problems that you will encounter if you begin the treacherous road of laxative abuse: Severe abdominal pain Chronic Diarrhea: After repeated use of laxatives you eventually lose control of your rectum and may find a pile of you [healthyplace.com]

  Chronic diarrhea of unknown origin. Gastroenterology 1980; 78: 264–71 PubMed Google Scholar 34. Harris A, Buchanan GN. Melanosis coli is reversible. Colorectal Dis 2009; 11: 788–9 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 35. [doi.org]

  Chronic diarrhea is a common symptom of both. However constipation can be a problem too. [health.com]

• Prolapse

  Abdominal muscle laxity not only contributes to inability to move the bowels, but also may lead to prolapse and expansion of the lower intestinal tract, making it possible for the fecal matter to stagnate in masses that are difficult to pass. [itmonline.org]

  Rectal prolapse associated with bulimia nervosa: report of seven cases. Dis Colon Rectum 1997; 40: 1382–5 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 114. Mitty RD, Wolfe GRZ, Cosman M. Initial description of gastric melanosis in a laxative-abusing patient. [doi.org]

• Peripheral Neuropathy

  The patient's symptoms included coma and prolonged peripheral neuropathy. The clinical features were characteristic of podophyllin poisoning. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hyporeflexia

  During her physical examination, the patient was confused, drowsy, and she presented hyposthenia in her upper and lower limbs, symmetric and diffuse moderate hyporeflexia, and her temperature was 37.8 degrees C. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Liver Biopsy

  Liver biopsy showed abnormal cytoplasmic inclusions in phagocytic cells. The patient was found to be abusing senna laxative. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

According to the primary efficacy definition (based on individual treatment weeks), 61% of PEG treatment weeks versus 22% of the placebo weeks were successful (P 0.001). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Extensive investigations failed to establish the etiology, but intestinal perfusion (carried out in four of the five patients) revealed secretion or abnormally low absorption of water and electrolytes in the jejunum and abnormally low absorption in the [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The choice of laxative for treatment or prevention of constipation depends on the etiology. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Studies on the etiology of chronic constipation have not been reported, but several lines of information converge on two key contributors. One is the sedentary lifestyle that has become increasingly prevalent. [itmonline.org]

The role of chronic constipation, diarrhea, and laxative use in the etiology of large-bowel cancer: data from the Melbourne Colorectal Cancer Study. Dis Colon Rectum 1988; 31: 507–12 PubMed CrossRef Google Scholar 80. [doi.org]

OBJECTIVES: Constipation and laxative use have been hypothesized to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but existing epidemiologic studies have been inconclusive. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Definitions, epidemiology, and impact of chronic constipation. Rev Gastroenterol Disord 2004; 4 Suppl. 2: S3–10 PubMed Google Scholar 32. Primrose WR, Capewell AE, Simpson GK. [doi.org]

Epidemiology of constipation in Europe and Oceania: a systematic review. BMC Gastroenterol. 2008 Feb 12. 8:5. [Medline]. Sonnenberg A, Koch TR. Epidemiology of constipation in the United States. Dis Colon Rectum. 1989 Jan. 32(1):1-8. [Medline]. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Keywords absorption castor oil constipation drugs laxatives pathophysiology pharmacology physiology secretion transport Authors and affiliations Francesco Capasso 1 Timothy S. Gaginella 2 1. [doi.org]

Constipation: pathophysiology and management. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2015 Jan. 31 (1):45-9. [Medline]. Yiannakou Y, Piessevaux H, Bouchoucha M, et al. [emedicine.medscape.com]

View Article PubMed Google Scholar McCrea GL, Miaskowski C, Stotts NA, Macera L, Varma MG: Pathophysiology of constipation in the older adult. World J Gastroenterol. 2008, 14 (17): 2631-2638. 10.3748/wjg.14.2631. [bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com]

CONCLUSION: The findings of this study support the benefits of a standardized laxative protocol for prevention of constipation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epsom salt laxatives are used to promote, not prevent, digestion and the passing of stool. [livestrong.com]