At initial presentation the complete resolution of poorly localizing symptoms and signs almost allowed her discharge from hospital. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Medical Case Studies for the Paramedic presents 20 case studies on the most important medical emergencies for the ALS-level reader. [books.google.com]

The issues related to poor patient compliance to chemotherapy and management of atypical presentations of spinal tuberculosis are discussed here. [casesjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Sometimes presentation is very close to ureteric colic, so they are likely to be missed. We present a case of leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm mimicking right ureteric colic, which was missed in the initial assessment. [urologyannals.com]

Introduction Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm is a great masquerader that can present in a variety of clinical symptoms and signs. This is a case of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm that presented as a strangulated left inguinal hernia. [ispub.com]

• Pain

  Pain concentrated in the back can be confused with acute lumbar back pain from arthritis of the spine or a disc problem – especially if leakage of blood around the nerves in the lumbar area lead to ‘sciatica’ – pain radiating down the leg. [familydoctor.co.uk]

  Many patients with early leak of abdominal aortic aneurysm who survive have nothing more than a sudden onset of back or mild abdominal pain without explanation. There are examples of such pain lasting for days before diagnosis. [pulsetoday.co.uk]

  This condition can cause significant abdominal pain and back pain and may lead to the artery’s leak or rupture, at which point it becomes a life-threatening emergency. [spine-health.com]

  Beware of similar symptoms Common symptoms of rupturing/leaking abdominal aneurysm * Hematuria * Severe flank pain * Abdominal pulsating mass * Severe abdominal pain * Severe back pain * Hypertension * Syncope * Shock (late sign) Common symptoms of kidney [nursingcenter.com]

  […] acute expansion is rarely if ever a cause of pain; pain is typically associated with inflammation or dissection rupture contained: leak contained within the retroperitoneal space, may be relatively haemodynamically stable uncontained: free rupture into [lifeinthefastlane.com]

• Swelling

  We present a case of an 82-year-old lady with recurrent neck swelling and a history of intermittent stridor who subsequently developed a contusion over her lower neck and upper chest. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  This haemodynamically normal patient presented with acute left groin pain, irreducible left inguinal swelling and vomiting with normal hemoglobin and very high inflammatory markers. [ispub.com]

  An aneurysm is a swelling or bulge, usually in a blood vessel. An aortic aneurysm is a swelling or bulge on your aorta that can grow and rupture if it’s not treated. The aorta is largest artery in your body. It has the diameter of a garden hose. [healthline.com]

  This can help spot a swelling in the aorta early on, when it can be treated. The test involves a quick and painless ultrasound scan to see how big your aorta is. [nhs.uk]

  The situation is quite different in patients who are stocky or obese, when it may be difficult or impossible to feel pulsation or a definite swelling. [familydoctor.co.uk]

• Collapse

  The patient collapsed on her way to have a CT scan and died 24 hours later of a leaking aortic aneurysm. At initial presentation the complete resolution of poorly localizing symptoms and signs almost allowed her discharge from hospital. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The patient is in collapse and frequently complains of pain in the back and is found to have a swollen, tense abdomen. [pulsetoday.co.uk]

  An urgent CT angiography of the thoracic aorta showed a large mediastinal hematoma of 8×7×6 cm, having indistinct margins, with the posterior wall of the descending thoracic aorta causing collapse of the left lower lobe of the lung and associated left [esim.eg.net]

  Vertebral body is most severely affected and may lead to collapse and ankylosis in later stages. A prevertebral abscess generally accompanies vertebral involvement [ 2 ]. [casesjournal.biomedcentral.com]

  Presentation A dissecting or ruptured aneurysm usually presents with pain and collapse. Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) It will cause chest pain that may be indistinguishable from acute myocardial infarction in terms of nature and distribution. [patient.info]

• Fatigue

  […] persistent pain in the lower back paleness · rapid pulse or heartbeat sensations dry skin/mouth, excessive thirst anxiety nausea & vomiting lightheadedness and fainting can occur with upright posture excessive sweating or clammy skin recently developed fatigue [wisconsinheartgroup.com]

  When symptoms are present, the most common ones are: Intense abdominal pain, which can be constant or may come and go Pain in the lower back that may radiate to the buttocks, groin or legs The feeling of a heart beat or pulse in the abdomen Fatigue The [sw.org]

  Patients can have symptoms like shortness of breath or fatigue secondary to the leak in the aortic valve. The aortic valve will be stretched as the aneurysm grows leading to incompetence (leakage) of the valve. [aortarepair.com]

  “More often, symptoms develop not from the aneurysm but from the valve leaking enough that patients experience fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance, or difficulty breathing with exercise,” says Stewart. [nydailynews.com]

  Symptoms of this condition include shortness of breath, fatigue, low energy level and possible light-headedness. How is aortic valve disease treated? Aortic valve disease can be treated either medically or surgically. [umcvc.org]

• Surgical Procedure

  There are two methods to repair AAA: O pen Surgical Repair - The traditional treatment for AAA is a surgical procedure. [sw.org]

  This is a major surgical procedure that may require a week’s stay in the hospital as well as several months of recovery. Certain patients may be eligible for minimally invasive treatment methods instead. [vivamyveins.com]

  The surgical procedure is performed under general anesthesia and takes about three to four hours to complete. Open surgical repair is a proven medical procedure that works. However, it also has a long recovery period. [bcm.edu]

  As with any surgical procedure, complications can occur. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

  Outcome AAA repair is a major surgical procedure. In the hands of skilled and experienced vascular surgeons, the in-hospital and short-term mortality has been found to be 2 – 5%. [health24.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  Any patient who has acute abdominal pain and sudden illness should be presumed to have abdominal aortic aneurysm until proved otherwise. [pulsetoday.co.uk]

  Sometimes the growth itself can cause abdominal pain. Many patients get a CT scan after having abdominal pain, but a CT scan may not show anything unusual. At a certain size (or diameter), your aorta has a higher chance of leaking. [healthcare.utah.edu]

  Case presentation An 80-year-old British Caucasian man with a known abdominal aortic aneurysm was brought to the Accident and Emergency department in acute abdominal pain. [link.springer.com]

  pain or other symptoms that are suggestive of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. [wisconsinheartgroup.com]

  This condition can cause significant abdominal pain and back pain and may lead to the artery’s leak or rupture, at which point it becomes a life-threatening emergency. [spine-health.com]

• Acute Abdomen

  abdomen and new material on CT and MR angiography, lung cancer screening, pulmonary embolism, coronary artery calcium screening, and interventional CT techniques including radiofrequency ablation and CT fluoroscopy. [books.google.com]

  The differential diagnosis for ruptured AAA involves other causes of abdominal pain, including acute abdomen. Investigations If an aneurysm is ruptured, investigations need to be swift and pertinent. [patient.info]

  Thomson H, Francis DM: Abdominal wall tenderness: a useful sign in the acute abdomen. Lancet. 1977, 2: 1053-1054. 10.1016/S0140-6736(77)91885-2. CrossRef PubMed Google Scholar 12. [link.springer.com]

  The x ray of chest, abdomen and ECG were normal. [ispub.com]

• Abdominal Bruit

  Since aneurysms that produce AV fistulas usually are large, nearly 90% are palpable in the abdomen. 75 An abdominal bruit can be heard in 75% of patients, and 25% also will have a palpable thrill. 100,101 To summarize, patients with large aneurysms (> [ahcmedia.com]

• Hypotension

  References and Links LITFL CCC — Renal failure post AAA repair CCC — Hypotension post AAA repair CCC — Detecting myocardial ischaemia post AAA repair CCC — AAA repair hot case CCC — Permissive hypotension Journal articles Al-Hashimi, M, Thompson J. [lifeinthefastlane.com]

  Pulsatile mass plus hypotension. Abdominal/back/groin pain plus hypotension. Diagnosis: Your doctor will examine your abdomen. The exam also will include an evaluation of pulses and sensation in your legs. The doctor may find: Abdominal mass. [medigoo.com]

  Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) Ruptured AAA presents with a classical triad of pain in the flank or back, hypotension and a pulsatile abdominal mass; however, only about half have the full triad. [patient.info]

  In all those, the patient was either anaemic, hypotensive or had intraoperative active bleeding in inguinal canal from retro peritoneum. [ispub.com]

  […] a patient presents with the classical triad of pain, hypotension, and a pulsatile mass. [zarinslab.stanford.edu]

• Chest Pain Radiating to the Back

  A 71-year-old man complained of central chest pain radiating to his back and neck and both arms. Investigations for ischemic heart disease were negative. Chest x-ray showed a soft tissue density in the aortopulmonary area. [circ.ahajournals.org]

• Grey Turner's Sign

  Rupture can also create a connection between the aorta and intestine or inferior vena cava. [18] Flank ecchymosis (appearance of a bruise) is a sign of retroperitoneal bleeding, and is also called Grey Turner's sign. [16] [19] Aortic aneurysm rupture [en.wikipedia.org]

• Increased Sweating

  Besides pain, increased sweating, a fast heart rate, rapid breathing, dizziness, and shock may occur. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Back Pain

  This condition can cause significant abdominal pain and back pain and may lead to the artery’s leak or rupture, at which point it becomes a life-threatening emergency. [spine-health.com]

  CT scans can be used to accurately distinguish abdominal or back pain attributable to a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm from other causes of pain in a hemodynamically stable patient. [ajnr.org]

  Pain concentrated in the back can be confused with acute lumbar back pain from arthritis of the spine or a disc problem – especially if leakage of blood around the nerves in the lumbar area lead to ‘sciatica’ – pain radiating down the leg. [familydoctor.co.uk]

  […] in abdomen, epigstrium or back (contained leaks typically present with back pain) ‘classic’ triad of AAA rupture (often not present e.g. guarding, obese, hypotensive or large retroperitoneal haemorrhage) Pain, typically severe and predominantly located [lifeinthefastlane.com]

  The larger an aneurysm grows, the more likely it will burst or rupture, causing intense abdominal or back pain, dizziness, nausea or shortness of breath. [radiologyinfo.org]

• Low Back Pain

  Images in a 63-year-old Caucasian man with low back pain 2 years after the repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with a graft. [ajnr.org]

• Confusion

  Rupture of an AAA may easily be confused with other conditions. [familydoctor.co.uk]

  Rupture of an aortic aneurysm should not be confused with aortic dissection. [patient.info]

  The signs and symptoms of shock may include rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, cool and sweaty skin, and abnormal mental function or confusion. [emedicinehealth.com]

  Ruptured AAA Symptoms Sudden, severe pain in the abdomen or low back that may spread to the groin, buttocks and legs Nausea and vomiting Signs of shock, including rapid heartbeat; cool, moist skin; light-headedness; confusion; anxiety; bluish lips and [innerbody.com]

  Many of the conditions that can be confused with AAA rupture are listed in Figure 4. 86 Renal colic is the most frequent misdiagnosis. [ahcmedia.com]

• Seizure

  The types of emergencies include a range of presentations such as semiconsciousness, unconsciousness, difficulty breathing, weakness, nausea, headache, slurred speech, chest pain, allergic reaction, seizure, and anxiety. [books.google.com]

  Symptoms of a Ruptured Brain Aneurysm Sudden, severe headache Blurred or double vision Neck pain and stiffness Sensitivity to light Facial weakness or paralysis Seizure Shock. A ruptured aneurysm is a life-threatening emergency. [innerbody.com]

  Patients with type I are almost normal, they may have seizures or motor impairment. Type II is associated with mental retardation, seizures, hypotonia, spasticity, inability to walk or speak and blindness [ 127 ]. [mdpi.com]

  Three days later I had a massive stroke, then 6 months later I had an epileptic seizure. I am lucky to be alive. I have lost 30 percent of the strength on my right side, but I am back in college in the paralegal field. [medicinenet.com]

• Irritability

  Bleeding causes peritoneal irritation and it may appear as an acute abdomen. Occasionally the presentation can be atypical - eg, intestinal obstruction from haematoma or an apparent irreducible inguinal hernia. [patient.info]

  People think herpes is really a minor skin irritation, but it has long term effects on health. The stigma attached to this virus by ignorant people is ridiculous. [medicinenet.com]

  Affected babies are frequently feverish and irritable. They show swelling of joints, pain and redness of affected areas. Usually, there is spontaneous resolution of the inflammatory signs within few months or years. [mdpi.com]

Aneurysm was noted during workup for back pain, and CT was ordered after AAA was identified on radiography. No evidence of rupture is seen. Signs and symptoms AAAs are usually asymptomatic until they expand or rupture. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The workup may include: Physical exam - The physician checks blood pressure, feels the body for masses and listens to blood flow sounds. [innerbody.com]

Fortunately, the symptom complex produced by abdominal aortic dissection is similar to AAA rupture, and the distinction may be recognized during the workup for AAA rupture or detected at surgery. [ahcmedia.com]

Identify specific treatment that is required for the patientrs"s condition. Determine if further treatment is required following a post-treatment reassessment of the patient. [books.google.com]

Poor compliance to antitubercular treatment may be a matter of concern in select group of patients. [casesjournal.biomedcentral.com]

Labetalol treatment was started and the interventional cardiologist was consulted for further intervention. [esim.eg.net]

Mani said the treatment has been the subject of “very promising” studies in animals, and further studies of the treatment are coming. [volanteonline.com]

Treatment If the AAA is larger than 5-6 centimeters in diameter (about the size of a lemon), it will require treatment. [vascularcures.org]

Aortic Aneurysm Prognosis Prognosis is usually good when an aortic aneurysm is treated before it ruptures. Treatment and Recovery Treatment for an aortic aneurysm depends on its size, location and your overall health. [baptisthealth.com]

[…] to keep your blood thin Be encouraged to sit on the side of your bed and then walk Wear special stockings to prevent blood clots in your legs Receive pain medicine into your veins or into the space that surrounds your spinal cord (epidural) Outlook (Prognosis [nvs-ga.com]

Prognosis No more than one in three patients with a ruptured aortic aneurysm will reach hospital alive; 20% of those who do, fail to reach theatre. Delay in diagnosis is likely to result in death. [patient.info]

Outlook (Prognosis) The outcome is often good if you have surgery to repair the aneurysm before it ruptures. When an abdominal aortic aneurysm begins to tear or ruptures, it is a medical emergency. [ufhealth.org]

Prognosis is usually good if the AAA is found before it ruptures. Focusing on heart health can prevent an AAA. This means watching what you eat, exercising, and avoiding other cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking. [healthline.com]

& gynecological survey 62 (7), 461-470, 2007 262 2007 Ghrelin expression in fetal, infant, and adult human lung M Volante, E Fulcheri, E Allìa, M Cerrato, A Pucci, M Papotti Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 50 (8), 1013-1021, 2002 180 2002 Etiology [scholar.google.it]

[…] gynecological survey 62 (7), 461-470, 2007 ‏ 262 2007 Ghrelin expression in fetal, infant, and adult human lung‏ M Volante, E Fulcheri, E Allìa, M Cerrato, A Pucci, M Papotti ‏ Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 50 (8), 1013-1021, 2002 ‏ 180 2002 Etiology [scholar.google.co.il]

Epidemiology Leaking abdominal aortic aneurysm is the third most common cause of sudden death from UK coroners' statistics. • Some 75% of patients die before reaching hospital. • Of the 25% who survive on arrival to hospital, half die before reaching [pulsetoday.co.uk]

Epidemiology Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) cause 12,000 deaths per year; 8,000 of these are infra-renal. [ 2 ] Women are much less frequently affected. [patient.info]

Abdominal aortic aneurysm disease in New Zealand: epidemiology and burden between 2002 and 2006. N Z Med J. 2012;125(1350):10–20 NHS Choices (2017). Abdominal aortic aneurysm (Web page). [southerncross.co.nz]

Epidemiology United States statistics In autopsy studies, the frequency rate of AAA ranges from 0.5% to 3.2%. [emedicine.medscape.com]

However, several recent studies have shown that the two diseases have clear epidemiological differences. [ahcmedia.com]

[…] and associated degeneration primary connective tissue degeneration inflammatory arteritis with associated aneurysmal degeneration traumatic injury and pseudoaneurysm mycotic injury and pseudoaneurysm aortic dissection-related aneurysmal degeneration PATHOPHYSIOLOGY [lifeinthefastlane.com]

The fact that AAA can be misdiagnosed as ureteral colic can be explained on the basis of anatomical and clinical pathophysiology. [ahcmedia.com]

AAA usually results from degeneration in the media of the arterial wall, leading to a slow and continuous dilatation of the lumen of the vessel (see Pathophysiology ). [emedicine.medscape.com]

Adventitial inflammatory infiltrate is present. [18] However, the degradation of the tunica media by means of a proteolytic process seems to be the basic pathophysiologic mechanism of AAA development. [en.wikipedia.org]

Pathophysiology of abdominal aortic aneurysms: insights from the elastase-induced model in mice with different genetic backgrounds. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1085 :59–73. [CrossRef] [Medline] Lederle FA, Johnson GR, Wilson SE, et al .. [zarinslab.stanford.edu]

Treatment Treatment of aneurysm has several goals: Prevent growth. Prevent rupture or leaking. Prevent or treat damage caused by the aneurysm to other body structures (for example, the nerves). Preserve quality of life. [innerbody.com]

There are no specific measures to prevent aortic aneurysms, but lifestyle changes can improve your overall heart health and decrease your risk. [healthline.com]

Endovascular Embolization A treatment in which coils are inserted into the aneurysm to stabilize it and prevent blood flow. [everydayhealth.com]

Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(4):281-290. PMID: 24957320 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24957320. Reviewed By: Mary C. [ufhealth.org]

Symptomatic aneurysms may require treatment to prevent complications. Antihypertensive medications may be prescribed to reduce blood pressure. Other medications may include analgesics to relieve pain. [wisconsinheartgroup.com]