Reviews of systolic congestive HF, valvular heart disease, right HF and high output HF are presented elsewhere. [healio.com]

When a double aortic arch is present, two tubes develop which circle and compress the windpipe and/or food pipe. [nicklauschildrens.org]

Pulmonary branch stenosis or pulmonary branch hypoplasia may be present, with some patients presenting with pulmonary atresia. [revespcardiol.org]

Tricuspid atresia: complete absence of the tricuspid valve; an ASD must be present to maintain blood flow. [patient.info]

• Heart Disease

  2012 ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 429.9 Heart disease, unspecified Short description: Heart disease NOS. [icd9data.com]

  Risk factors The relative risk of recurrence of congenital heart disease increases if a first-degree relative has a congenital heart disease. [patient.info]

  What is congenital heart disease? Congenital heart disease is condition you are born with. The word congenital means “present at birth.” [heartandstroke.ca]

  Learn about our Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program Congenital heart diseases are related to heart defects that develop during pregnancy and are present at birth (congenital). [chw.org]

• Cardiomegaly

  A patient with severe, untreated panhypoadrenocorticism and associated heart disease due to rheumatic fever and coronary atherosclerosis has recently been observed in whom the dominant clinical features were cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema. [annals.org]

  Chest x-ray shows cardiomegaly and pulmonary venous congestion or pulmonary edema. ECG shows right ventricular hypertrophy and diminished left ventricular forces, though it may be within normal limits for a neonate. [msdmanuals.com]

  […] the mean for the child’s body surface area; or (C) Chest x-ray (6 foot PA film) is indicative of cardiomegaly if the cardiothoracic ratio is over 60 percent at 1 year of age or less, or 55 percent or greater at more than 1 year of age. [ssa.gov]

  Nowadays, however, it is generally agreed that surgery should be offered before severe cardiomegaly develops, as this is associated with severe RV dilatation and systolic dysfunction. [revespcardiol.org]

  […] it has a limited role in establishing etiology Atrial and/or ventricular dilation ↓ Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) Wall motion abnormalities (e.g., inferolateral hypokinesis is seen in muscular dystrophy and acute myocarditis) Chest x-ray Cardiomegaly [amboss.com]

• S3 Gallop

  gallop Frequently asymptomatic Signs of left heart failure (dyspnea, syncope, dizziness) Arrhythmias S4 gallop Sudden death Signs of left heart failure and right heart failure Echocardiography LV cavity size Significantly increased Decreased Decreased [amboss.com]

• T Wave Inversion

  wave inversion, abnormal Q waves Laboratory: slightly ↑ troponin T;, ↑ BNP Echocardiography: apical left ventricular ballooning, ↓ LVEF Coronary angiography: usually no pathological findings (e.g., no obstruction of coronaries by plaque rupture); a minority [amboss.com]

  Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is a relatively rare disorder with ECG characteristics of T wave inversion in the anteroseptal leads and epsilon waves. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

Treatment Treatment for transposition of the great vessels involves a procedure called balloon septostomy. [betterhealth.vic.gov.au]

Heart transplantation is another option for treatment of children with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, and remains an option even after staged surgical treatment. [mottchildren.org]

Prognosis: Cardiac failure is never seen in fetal life as well as postnatally. [sonoworld.com]

As patients with left heart disease and PH have a worse prognosis than those without, it has been assumed that improving the PA pressure should translate into an improved prognosis and survival. [phaonlineuniv.org]

However, severity of disease and prognosis varies widely according to the genetic features involved. Certain genes are associated with a worse prognosis. [healthengine.com.au]

Prognosis is poor and survival rates are low. [err.ersjournals.com]

Treatment and prognosis Hypoplastic left heart syndrome can be well-tolerated in utero due to the fetal right ventricle being the dominant chamber and the ductus arteriosus being patent. [radiopaedia.org]

Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics Pathology Treatment Complications Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics Pathology Treatment Restrictive cardiomyopathy Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology [amboss.com]

Pathophysiology | Etiology | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment Introduction Congestive heart failure occurs when the cardiac output is not adequate enough to meet the demands of the body. [healio.com]

Surgical therapy appears to be superior to medical therapy. [30] Current hypotheses for the etiology of the sinus node dysfunction center on surgical trauma to portions of the sinus node region or its blood supply. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Etiology The etiopathology is not clearly understood. [orpha.net]

Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics Pathology Treatment Complications Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics Pathology Treatment Restrictive cardiomyopathy Epidemiology Etiology [amboss.com]

Summary Epidemiology Prevalence is unknown. The birth prevalence is estimated at less than 1/ 200,000 live births. [orpha.net]

Access is intended to spur hypothesis generation and testing, cross-cohort analysis of risk factors and outcomes, development of new signal processing tools, and to enhance training in clinical analysis, signal processing, epidemiological analysis, and [incosact.org]

However, there is still a lack of understanding about its pathophysiology, epidemiology and treatment [ 1 – 14 ]; as such, there are numerous unmet needs for this condition ( table 2 ). [err.ersjournals.com]

Epidemiology The reported total birth prevalence of congenital heart disease in Europe is 8.2 per thousand live births which is higher than reported birth prevalence in the USA (6.9 per thousand live births). [patient.info]

Clinical features Diagnostics Pathology Treatment Complications Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnostics Pathology Treatment Restrictive cardiomyopathy Epidemiology Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical [amboss.com]

This article aims to provide an overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of RV failure. [cfrjournal.com]

Pathophysiology of Right Heart Failure A common cause of right ventricular failure is left ventricular failure. [emsworld.com]

Based on the pathophysiology’s mentioned above, the treatment will vary. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology | Etiology | Symptoms | Diagnosis | Treatment Introduction Congestive heart failure occurs when the cardiac output is not adequate enough to meet the demands of the body. [healio.com]

Giving up smoking improves your overall health and prevents heart attacks. [mayoclinic.org]

Endocarditis Prevention Antibiotics to prevent endocarditis are needed before certain dental procedures. See the section on Endocarditis for more information. [heart.org]

Medication Early stages of heart failure may be treated with medications to help relieve your symptoms and prevent your condition from getting worse. [healthline.com]