Hess CE, Nichols AB, Hunt WB et al (1979) Pseudohypoxemia secondary to leukemia and thrombocytosis. N Engl J Med 301:361–363 Google Scholar 21. [doi.org]

Hyperleukocytosis is very common in acutely ill patients. It occurs in response to a wide variety of conditions, including viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic infection, cancer, hemorrhage, and exposure to certain medications. [en.wikipedia.org]

This case illustrates that death in pneumococcal disease can occur in the absence of pneumonia and may be attributable to cardiovascular collapse. We present a proposed mechanism based on activation of complement and release of vasoactive mediators. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

weakness in one arm or leg), swelling of the retina, retinal bleeding, and dilated blood vessels on inspection of the back of the eye. Rare complications of leukostasis include renal vein thrombosis, priapism, and acute ischemia of the leg. [en.wikipedia.org]

Chest roentgenograms displayed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, vascular engorgement, cardiomegaly, and pleural effusions. Three patients died from progressive respiratory failure despite ventilatory support. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cardiomegaly, redistribution of blood flow toward the upper lobes, increase in vasculature, ground glass opacities and/or consolidation, increased interstitial markings Retinoic acid syndrome History of treatment with ATRA for acute pro- myelocytic leukemia [pulmonarychronicles.com]

KEYWORDS: blood–retinal barrier; diabetic macula edema; inflammation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Leukostasis occurred with ocular symptoms in 14 cases, priapism in four cases, and dyspnea, syncope, headache, knee pain, difficulty hearing, and aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in one case each. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A 76-year-old man presented with leukostasis syndrome, including oculodynia, blurred vision, and visual field defects, due to mantle cell lymphoma, prolymphocytoid variant, with marked leukocytosis, 1227 x 10(9)/l. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neurological : Symptoms include confusion, somnolence, stupor, delirium, coma, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, gait instability, blurred vision, diplopia and visual field defect. [ghrnet.org]

KEYWORDS: blood–retinal barrier; diabetic macula edema; inflammation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neurologic symptoms such as temporary confusion, blurry vision, dizziness, ringing in the ears, ataxia, stupor, sleepiness, headaches, and coma may be seen. [en.wikipedia.org]

Symptoms: (1) pulmonary: cyanosis, progressive dyspnea, tachypnea, hypoxemia (2) CNS: headache, confusion, altered mental status (3) cardiac: tachycardia, heart failure, ischemia, cardiac tamponade (4) fever without a focus of infection (5) ocular: retinal [meducator3.net]

[…] acidosis, microthrombotization and bleeding to the lung parenchyma and acute respiratory failure CNS symptoms: hyperleukocytosis leads to broad spectrum of neurologic symptoms (headache, behavioral and mental status changes, disturbances of consciousness, confusion [telemedicina.med.muni.cz]

Lungs shortness of breath: this happens when tissues inside the body are not getting enough oxygen, causing a condition called hypoxia respiratory failure coughing Nervous system headache, vertigo, hearing loss unbalanced walking (ataxia) double vision confusion [aboutkidshealth.ca]

Leukostasis is a high-risk condition and can lead to significant complications resulting from occlusion of blood vessels including transient ischemic attacks and strokes. [en.wikipedia.org]

[…] all the latest approaches in clinical laboratory medicine with new and updated coverage of: the chemical basis for analyte assays and common interferences; lipids and dyslipoproteinemia; markers in the blood for cardiac injury evaluation and related stroke [books.google.com]

May cause noncardiogenic pulm edema, retinal hemorrhage, encephalopathy, stroke, renal failure, MI, heart failure. [morningreporttgh.blogspot.com]

[…] defined as white blood cell (WBC) count or blast count 100,000/µL Usually due to acute or chronic leukemia Can lead to hyperviscosity / leukostasis syndrome Hyperviscosity / leukostasis symptoms: Cerebrovascular insufficiency (altered mentation, TIA, stroke [pathologyoutlines.com]

The most common symptoms are dyspnea and hypoxia, usually accompanied by visual changes, headaches, dizziness, confusion, somnolence, and coma. Prompt treatment is indicated since, if left untreated, it has a very high mortality rate. [en.wikipedia.org]

Extrapulmonary signs and symptoms in the central nervous system can range from headache to mild confusion to somnolence to coma. Patients may have focal neurologic deficits due to intracranial hemorrhage. [pulmonarychronicles.com]

Table 1 Symptoms of leukostasis Organ Symptoms Lung dyspnea, hypoxemia, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, respiratory failure Central nervous system confusion, somnolence, dizziness, headache, delirium, coma, focal neurological deficits Eye impaired vision [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Neurological : Symptoms include confusion, somnolence, stupor, delirium, coma, headache, dizziness, tinnitus, gait instability, blurred vision, diplopia and visual field defect. [ghrnet.org]

The electrocardiogram showed ST-elevation with an increase of troponin and creatinine kinase. The diagnosis was ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) induced and complicated by leukostasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]