We present a case in which a patient presented with a pregnancy of unknown location and normally rising human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels but with a levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) present. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Epilepsy

  A 26-year-old woman, treated with phenytoin for 10 years because of epilepsy, had Norplant subdermal implants inserted after a legal abortion. She became pregnant again after nine months of Norplant use. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] history of migraine w/ aura Serum levels near baseline 24 hr after ingestion, so rigid adherence to dosing schedule is essential for efficacy DM, asthma, cardiac dysfunction, irregular menstrual bleeding patterns, bone mineral density changes, depression, epilepsy [reference.medscape.com]

  Examples of enzyme inducers that reduce plasma levonorgestrel levels Some medicines used to treat: epilepsy (eg, barbiturates, primidone, phenytoin, carbamazepine) tuberculosis (eg, rifampicin, rifabutin) HIV (eg, ritonavir, efavirenz) fungal infections [web.archive.org]

• Weight Gain

  gain, sepsis (Mirena) Interactions Drug-drug. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  It shows a lower negative impact on metabolism, weight gain, acne, and other side effects typical of older progestins. It shows positive effects on lipoproteins as seen by a slight rise of HDL cholesterol. [verywellhealth.com]

  Jul 1, 2016 (Started Dec 23, 2014) Effectiveness Major (for Birth control) Side effects Mild (weight gain) Burden Not at all hard to take Dosage: 150 mcg Daily 0 helpful marks Jun 15, 2013 (Started Apr 15, 2013) Effectiveness Major (for Birth control) [patientslikeme.com]

  Side Effects Nausea, vomiting, stomach cramping/ bloating, dizziness, headache, tiredness, breast tenderness, decrease in breast size, acne, oily scalp, hair loss, weight gain, and vaginal infections may occur. [webmd.com]

• Fever

  […] discharge with mild or no odor troubled breathing with exertion unusual bleeding or bruising unusual tiredness or weakness white or brownish vaginal discharge Rare Chills confusion dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting fast heartbeat fast, weak pulse fever [mayoclinic.org]

  ☞ Instruct patient using Mirena to immediately report fever, chills, unusual vaginal discharge, or abdominal or pelvic pain or tenderness. • Explain that for maximum efficacy, patient should take Plan B as soon as possible after unprotected sex. • Inform [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Call your healthcare provider right away if you get flu-like symptoms, fever, chills, cramping, pain, bleeding, vaginal discharge, or fluid leaking from your vagina. These may be signs of infection. [rxwiki.com]

  Report any signs/symptoms of lower abdominal pain, long-lasting or heavy bleeding, painful intercourse, chills, or fever. -Report severe pain or fever following IUD insertion due to the risk of infection. [drugs.com]

• Candidiasis

  KEYWORDS: chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis; intrauterine device; levonorgestrel intrauterine device; levonorgestrel intrauterine system; recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] secretion Change in weight (increase or decrease) Change in cervical erosion and secretion Diminution in lactation when given immediately postpartum Cholestatic jaundice Migraine Rash (allergic) Mental depression Reduced tolerance to carbohydrates Vaginal candidiasis [wikidoc.org]

• Pallor

  If decreased pulse, diaphoresis, or pallor is observed, the patient should remain supine until these signs have disappeared. Patients with a seizure disorder or epilepsy may also experience seizures during insertion. [pdr.net]

• Hirsutism

  Adverse effects Dysmenorrhea, headache, nervousness, nausea, vertigo, increased size of ovaries and fallopian tubes, dermatitis, acne, weight gain, breast tenderness, hirsutism. levonorgestrel A PROGESTOGEN drug used in oral contraceptives. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  […] been reported in users of oral contraceptives, and the association has been neither confirmed nor refuted: Congenital anomalies Premenstrual syndrome Cataracts Optic neuritis Changes in appetite Cystitis -like syndrome Headache Nervousness Dizziness Hirsutism [wikidoc.org]

  [45] In combination with a potent estrogen like ethinylestradiol however, all contraceptives containing androgenic progestins are negligibly androgenic in clinical practice and can in fact be used to treat androgen-dependent conditions like acne and hirsutism [en.wikipedia.org]

  Appetite increase or decrease AST, ALT, bilirubin increase Blood pressure increase Breast pain, enlargement, secretion, and tenderness Chloasma/melasma that may persist Cholestasis Dizziness Edema Fatigue Galactorrhea Glucose intolerance HDL decrease Hirsutism [drugs.com]

• Vaginal Bleeding

  Continuation of hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs) - widely used and highly effective contraceptives that also decrease menstrual flow - is controversial during hematopoietic stem cell transplants (SCTs) due to infectious and vaginal bleeding concerns [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Cautions Documented hypersensitivity Active or history of breast cancer Thrombophlebitis, DVT/PE, thrombogenic valvular disease Estrogen-dependent neoplasia Liver disease, liver tumors Undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding, uncontrolled hypertension, [reference.medscape.com]

  […] unusually heavy or unexpected menstrual bleeding uterine bleeding between menstrual periods vaginal bleeding or spotting Less common Blurred vision cramps dizziness headache heavy bleeding itching of the vagina or genital area nervousness pain pain during [mayoclinic.org]

• Oligomenorrhea

  Adverse Reactions: Headache, menorrhagia, nausea, dysmenorrhea, acne, migraine, breast tenderness, weight increased, depression; pulmonary embolus, cholecystitis, breakthrough bleeding, amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, chloasma, liver disease. [empr.com]

  […] period and take appropriate diagnostic measures; if patient has adhered to prescribed regimen and misses two consecutive periods, rule out pregnancy In clinical trial, 2.6% of the evaluable cycles were amenorrheic; women may experience amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea [reference.medscape.com]

  Gastrointestinal Disorders Abdominal Pain, Nausea, Vomiting General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions Fatigue Nervous System Disorders Dizziness, Headache Reproductive System and Breast Disorders Dysmenorrhea, Irregular Menstruation, Oligomenorrhea [drugs.com]

  Some women may encounter post-pill amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea, especially when such a condition was preexistent. [wikidoc.org]

• Uterine Hemorrhage

  Hemorrhage 1 4 Recruiting Prevention Contraception 1 4 Recruiting Prevention Contraception / Malposition of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device 1 4 Recruiting Treatment BMI >30 kg/m2 1 4 Terminated Treatment Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, Unspecified / Uterine [drugbank.ca]

1 3 Completed Treatment Dysmenorrhea 1 3 Completed Treatment Emergency Contraception 1 3 Completed Treatment Healthy Volunteers 1 3 Completed Treatment Heavy Menstrual Bleeding 1 3 Completed Treatment Hypermenorrhea 2 3 Recruiting Treatment Bladder Cancers [drugbank.ca]

We do not recommend using the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system as a treatment for atypical hyperplasia or adenocarcinoma until further studies demonstrate the efficacy of this treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Multimedia: Slideshows, Images & Quizzes Related Disease Conditions Endometriosis (Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Prognosis) Endometriosis implants are most commonly found on the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, outer surfaces of the uterus or intestines [medicinenet.com]

In contrast, increased mobility between the pubic bones and pelvic pain without any direct connection with pregnancy is rare and its etiology is unclear. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] active component or any of the ingredients -Known or suspected pregnancy Intrauterine Device (IUD) is contraindicated if one or more of the following conditions exist: -Acute liver disease or liver tumor (benign or malignant) -Uterine bleeding of unknown etiology [drugs.com]

Here we report these cases and discuss the clinical and epidemiologic implications of this association. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Therefore most young women are current or past users of progestogens which leaves few never users for genuine controls in epidemiological studies. 1 Mollan SP,Spizer D, Nocholl DJ. [bmj.com]

For further information, the reader is referred to a text on epidemiological methods. 1.Thromboembolic Disorders and Other Vascular Problems a. [wikidoc.org]

Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 516–. ISBN 978-1-60831-270-2. [en.wikipedia.org]

Future directions Further efforts are required to educate healthcare professionals and the general public about HS, and to encourage research on its epidemiology and pathophysiology. [dermnetnz.org]

• Review of the evidence suggests that LNG-ECs cannot prevent implantation of a fertilized egg. [en.wikipedia.org]

Additionally, levonorgestrel also may prevent fertilization of an egg (the uniting of the sperm with the egg) or prevent the attachment (implantation) of a fertilized egg to the uterus (womb). [medicinenet.com]

Plan B is thought to prevent ovulation or fertilization. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Every trial under consideration successfully established the contraceptive effectiveness of levonorgestrel for preventing unintended pregnancy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It works by preventing the release of an egg from the ovary or preventing fertilization of the egg by sperm (male reproductive cells). It also may work by changing the lining of the uterus (womb) to prevent development of a pregnancy. [nlm.nih.gov]