Mallory Shiver, Catherine Papasakelariou, Jameel Ahmad Brown, Marla Wirges and Jay Kincannon, Extragenital Bullous Lichen Sclerosus in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review, Pediatric Dermatology, 31, 3, (383-385), (2012). A. [doi.org]

We report a case of Lichen Sclerosus in a 73-year-old man who had been treated for epilepsy with carbamazepine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A family history of diabetes mellitus, vitiligo, alopecia areata, or thyroid disease and the presence of other autoimmune diseases were identified as risk factors for male LS [ 18 ]. [doi.org]

Common symptoms are irritation, soreness, dyspareunia, dysuria, and urinary or fecal incontinence. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, the use of these agents is limited by significant and potentially harmful side effects including cheilitis, xerosis, teratogenicity, elevated liver enzymes, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal pain, and alopecia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Intense and recalcitrant pruritus is a symptomatic hallmark of LS. [liebertpub.com]

Micheline Moyal-Barracco, Pruritus Vulvae, Pruritus, 10.1007/978-1-84882-322-8_37, (243-252), (2009). Paul D. [doi.org]

Biopsy of suspected vulvar lichen sclerosus in adults is preferred during the initial visit rather than after empiric therapy because of: the risk for atypia or malignancy; the expansive list of possible differentials associated with vulvar pruritus and [clinicaladvisor.com]

Lichen sclerosus can be debilitating for some patients causing significant pruritus, pain, dysuria, and dyspareunia [4]. Rarely, lichen sclerosus appears in various extragenital areas, although most cases are relatively asymptomatic [3]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Blisters and bleeding may also occur. Lichen sclerosus starts out as small white spots on the skin. These spots are generally shiny and smooth. The spots then grow into larger patches that are thin and crinkled. [web.archive.org]

Some of these lesions evolved with hemorrhagic blisters, which after histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of bullous and hemorrhagic lichen sclerosus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Skin fragility may lead to breaking of some small blood vessels in the skin which appear as tiny blood blisters. Occasionally, blisters and small cracks called fissures can be seen. [skinsupport.org.uk]

Blisters. What causes it? What causes lichen sclerosus? You can’t give lichen sclerosus to someone else. No one knows what exactly causes the disease. Some possible causes include: An overactive immune system. Hormone problems. [niams.nih.gov]

Clinically and histologically, the papules were consistent with cherry angiomas. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology of lichen sclerosus (LiS) and localized scleroderma (LoS) is uncertain and probably multifactorial. We describe a case of female monozygotic twins who presented co-existence of LiS and LoS. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The shape, depth and location of the affected area is used to classify one of the four types of local scleroderma. [icd9data.com]

A differential diagnosis should include, but is not limited to: localized scleroderma, cutaneous discoid lupus erythematous, atrophic lichen planus, lichen simplex chronicus, vitiligo, mucous membrane pemphigoid, anal fissures and hemorrhoids, candidiasis [clinicaladvisor.com]

Orteu, Morphoea (Localized Scleroderma), Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, Ninth Edition, (1-37), (2016). Fiona Lewis, Dermatoses of the Female Genitalia, Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, Ninth Edition, (1-52), (2016). Jennifer L. Bercaw-Pratt, Lori A. [doi.org]

It has been reported in post-traumatic areas as a result of Koebner phenomenon. LSA responds poorly to treatment making it a therapeutic challenge (2). Laser therapy has been described for LSA with variable results (3,4). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The Koebner phenomenon, which occurs in damaged skin secondary to inflammation, also produces LS. So skin injury has been suggested as a possible trigger of LS in genetically predisposed people. [f1000research.com]

Bilateral Koebner phenomenon in lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. Int J Dermatol 1987; 26: 117-8. Gross P. Generalized lichen sclerosus et atrophicus associated with band-like scleroderma (Koebner phenomenon and lichen sclerosus). [cirp.org]

Clitoral adhesions are released with delicate knife strokes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Lichen sclerosus can be debilitating for some patients causing significant pruritus, pain, dysuria, and dyspareunia [4]. Rarely, lichen sclerosus appears in various extragenital areas, although most cases are relatively asymptomatic [3]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The atrophy, strictures, and scarring of the affected genitalia secondary to vulvar lichen sclerosus often result in sexual dysfunction, specifically dyspareunia. 7 These anatomical changes may also lead to decreased lubrication and decreased sensation [clinicaladvisor.com]

Despite adequate treatment, women with lichen sclerosus continue to experience significant sexual dysfunction (i.e., dyspareunia, decreased orgasm and decreased coital frequency). [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

Symptoms: itching, vulvar pain, and dyspareunia. [doi.org]

We describe a patient with skin, oral and genital lesions of lichen sclerosus. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Genital lesions were commonly seen on the vulva and prepuce [Figure 2]. [ijdpdd.com]

Lucio Andreassi and Roberta Bilenchi, Non-infectious inflammatory genital lesions, Clinics in Dermatology, 32, 2, (307), (2014). [doi.org]

Lichen sclerosus can be debilitating for some patients causing significant pruritus, pain, dysuria, and dyspareunia [4]. Rarely, lichen sclerosus appears in various extragenital areas, although most cases are relatively asymptomatic [3]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pruritus, chronic discomfort, dysuria, and pain with defecation were common chief complaints in our patients. [doi.org]

If there is meatal scarring, poor urinary stream or dysuria. Signs: White patches on the glans or prepuce. Haemorrhagic vesicles or purpura. Rarely, blisters or ulcers. [patient.info]

Micheline Moyal-Barracco, Pruritus Vulvae, Pruritus, 10.1007/978-1-84882-322-8_37, (243-252), (2009). Paul D. [doi.org]

Lichen sclerosus can be extremely itchy and sore ( pruritus vulvae ). Sometimes bruises, blood blisters and ulcers appear after scratching, or from minimal friction (eg tight clothing, sitting down). Urine can sting and irritate. [dermnetnz.org]

Premature ovarian failure should be considered in a woman with hot flashes and oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea before age 45. Estrogen deficiency can lead to a thinned epidermis, labial adhesion, and dyspareunia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, the use of these agents is limited by significant and potentially harmful side effects including cheilitis, xerosis, teratogenicity, elevated liver enzymes, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal pain, and alopecia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]