They often present with both weakness and sensory loss in a “ glove and stocking” fashion. [lecturio.com]

* About two thirds of patients present at 8-15 years of age, with a range of 2-40 years. * The most typical presentation is of weakness due to scapular-humeral-pelvic weakness that may be similar to the presentation of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. [checkorphan.org]

Cardiac disease may be present in up to 33%. [emedicine.medscape.com]

This form of muscular dystrophy presents with weakness of the pelvic and shoulder girdle in childhood, with symptoms usually present by the age of 10 years. [sema4genomics.com]

Only the first and second heart sounds were present. The lung fields were clear and the liver was not palpable. [chs-journal.com]

• Proximal Muscle Weakness

  In addition to proximal muscle weakness, there may or may not be: Distal muscle weakness. Muscle hypertrophy. Contractures. Involvement of the heart, respiratory muscles or tongue. (Facial weakness is not usual.) [patient.info]

  Proximal muscles are the muscles that are closest to the center of the body such as the muscles of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper arms and legs. Muscle weakness may spread from the proximal muscles to affect distal muscles. [rarediseases.org]

  Hypothyroid myopathy Patients can present with a proximal weakness. They may complain of fatigue or muscle pain and cramping. They have relaxation of the reflexes at an advanced stage of the disease. [lecturio.com]

  In this study, we applied the IDP on a PGM to diagnose a Vietnamese female who presented with proximal muscle weakness. Using this strategy, we identified a nonsense mutation in CAPN3 responsible for LGDM2A. [omicsonline.org]

  […] swallowing Caveolinopathy Approx. 5 years Mild to moderate proximal weakness Muscle cramping Enlargement of the calf muscles Some have no symptoms Bethlem myopathy Floppy muscles in infancy 2/3 of patents are wheelchair bound Proximal muscle weakness [encyclopedia.com]

See Workup for more detail. Management No specific treatment is available for any of the LGMD syndromes, though aggressive supportive care is essential to preserve muscle function, maximize functional ability, and prolong life expectancy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Treatment: No treatment other than physical therapy is available. Prognosis: Most patients live into adulthood but progression is inevitable and all individuals eventually become totally disabled. [wohproject.org]

There is no specific treatment for LGMD2C. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

Treatment and management So far there are no specific treatments for LGMD2I, however managing the symptoms of the condition improves a person’s quality of life. Keeping mobile is important for all people affected with muscular dystrophy. [lgmd2i.com]

The symptoms are similar to DMD but often milder, and patients are less likely to have mental retardation and have a better prognosis (30-40 years instead of teens). [lecturio.com]

Prognosis and management, therefore, are not uniform across the subtypes of LGMD2. Nonetheless, early identification of complications and risk factors is crucial. [mdfgauteng.org]

Prognosis: Most patients live into adulthood but progression is inevitable and all individuals eventually become totally disabled. Ancillary treatments and support: Respiratory therapy is important when diaphragmatic weakness becomes prominent. [wohproject.org]

Contractures are common, in which case the disease needs to be differentiated from Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Bethlem myopathy, and laminin-alpha2 deficiency Prognosis - Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A This depends upon the type. [checkorphan.org]

Prognosis The prognosis of LGMD varies tremendously. Most people with LGMD, however do not have severe symptoms and most experience a normal lifespan. Cardiac and respiratory difficulties can, however, decrease the lifespan. [encyclopedia.com]

During the visit, the participant will be asked to fill out a couple of questionnaires asking questions about quality of life and activity limitations, as well as his/her understanding of their diagnosis with regards to etiology (or cause of their muscle [clinicaltrials.gov]

Etiology Currently, there are more than 30 different known LGMDs including the eight dominant (LGMD1A-H) and 23 recessive (LGMD2A-Y) types. [now.aapmr.org]

Etiology of limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1D/1E determined by laser capture microdissection proteomics. Ann Neurol. 2012 Jan. 71(1):141-5. [Medline]. Sarparanta J, Jonson PH, Golzio C, Sandell S, Luque H, Screen M. [emedicine.medscape.com]

licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Received: 12 May 2014 Accepted: 21 July 2014 Published: 19 August 2014 Abstract Background Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD2) include a number of disorders with heterogeneous etiology that [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]

[…] malformation syndrome Spondylocostal dysostosis-hypospadias-intellectual disability syndrome Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, Kohn type Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Nishimura type Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease Sporadic adult-onset ataxia of unknown etiology [se-atlas.de]

[…] dissection Moyamoya disease Autosomal dominant nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness type DFNA Synonym(s): - LGMD2J Classification (Orphanet): - Rare genetic disease - Rare neurologic disease Classification (ICD10): - Diseases of the nervous system - Epidemiological [csbg.cnb.csic.es]

Relevant External Links for DYSF Genetic Association Database (GAD) DYSF Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator DYSF Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology: DYSF No data available for Genatlas for DYSF Gene Analysis of the [genecards.org]

Genetic epidemiology of muscular dystrophies resulting from sarcoglycan gene mutations. J Med Genet. 1997, 34:973-977 Olivé M, Shatunov A, Gonzalez L, Carmona O, Moreno D, Quereda LG, et al. [ivyunion.org]

Other proteins involved include dystroglycan, fukutin-related protein, calpain, dysferlin and telethonin. [ 5 ] Epidemiology [ 2 ] The LGMDs individually are rare, with some forms reported in only a few families. [patient.info]

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Epidemiology of the Muscular Dystrophies. Can J Neurol Sci. 2016 Jan;43(1):163-77. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2015.311. Thompson R, Straub V. [now.aapmr.org]

Pathophysiology Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) protein defects occur in several pathways involved in the biologic function of muscle and can be divided into groups based on cellular localization. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The pathophysiological role of calpain-3 is not exactly known. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of calpainopathy is still not possible as there is no anti-calpain-3 antibody available that is compatible for IHC on muscle biopsy cryosections. [neurologyindia.com]

This would entail close surveillance to recognize symptoms and to prevent detrimental sequelae. 2. [pubs.sciepub.com]

Prevention - Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A Not supplied. [checkorphan.org]

A physiotherapist can recommend stretches to keep joints supple and if necessary special splints (orthoses) to prevent muscle shortening (contractures) which are common in some types of LGMD. [mda.org.au]

Carriers do not have any symptoms since they have one unchanged gene, which produces enough normal protein to prevent the symptoms of LGMD. [encyclopedia.com]

Pneumovax vaccination and annual flu immunization should be performed in people affected by LGMD2I in order to prevent serious chest infections. [lgmd2i.com]