Abstract We present the case of an asymptomatic Loa loa disease in a 28-year-old Nigerian man living in Italy for 5 years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

METHODS We describe three cases of imported loiasis observed at two hospitals in Italy and France, and present a review of all previously published cases in the medical literature in the last 25 years (1986-2011). [semanticscholar.org]

Lucienne Bella 2 1 Gynaeco Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon; 2 Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon Abstract: We report a case of Loa loa filariasis in an 8-month-old child who presented [dovepress.com]

• Rigor

  Excerpts from historical and/or anecdotal reports While rigorous data on LF distribution in L. loa areas is limited, there are many anecdotal and historical reports that W. bancrofti across Central Africa is low or absent. [parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com]

• Pharyngitis

  Cephalic and Pharyngeal Structures in Microfilariae Revealed by Staining. Journal of Helminthology, Vol. 42, Issue. 3-4, p. 309. CrossRef Google Scholar Nelson, George S. 1965. Filarial Infections as Zoonoses. [cambridge.org]

• Hepatosplenomegaly

  Chest and heart were essentially normal, and there was no hepatosplenomegaly. [journals.plos.org]

• Conjunctival Hyperemia

  The left eye examination revealed a visual acuity of light perception, conjunctival hyperemia, a clear cornea, and a live and active thread-like worm in the anterior chamber ( Fig 1 ). [journals.plos.org]

• Blepharospasm

  The right eye examination revealed blepharospasm, significant lid edema, hyperhemic conjunctiva, and a mobile living whitish organic foreign body in the anterior chamber ( Figure 1 ). The left eye was quiet with no abnormality detected. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Miosis

  This examination revealed in the right eye, a moderate edema of the cornea, a white mobile worm in the anterior chamber, a hypo-pyon, a miosis with posterior synechiae of 360 , a cataract, and high intraocular pressure (of 30 mm Hg as measured with tonopen [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Negativism

  The patient was treated with ivermectin 12 mg on the first day followed by albendazole 400 mg every 12 hours for 21 days with a reduction but no negativization of the parasitaemia and no collateral effect. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Incontinence

  By day 2 (D2), many patients experienced confusion, agitation, dysarthria, mutism and incontinence. Some cases of coma were reported as early as D2. The severity of adverse effects increased with higher microfilarial loads. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Dysarthria

  By day 2 (D2), many patients experienced confusion, agitation, dysarthria, mutism and incontinence. Some cases of coma were reported as early as D2. The severity of adverse effects increased with higher microfilarial loads. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Insomnia

  Yaoundé, Cameroon; 2 Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé, Yaoundé, Cameroon Abstract: We report a case of Loa loa filariasis in an 8-month-old child who presented with a 3-month history of irritated acute red eye and insomnia [dovepress.com]

  The child was brought to the consultation with a 3-month history of irritability, insomnia, painful red eye, photophobia, and tearing. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] affecting humans and animals, caused by filariae; ie, nematode parasites of the family Filariidae. [1] Filarial parasites can be classified according to the habitat of the adult worms in the vertebral host, as follows (see Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Workup [emedicine.com]

• Plasmodium Falciparum

  The effect of malaria control on Plasmodium falciparum in Africa between 2000 and 2015. Nature. 2015;526:207–11. View Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar van den Berg H, Kelly-Hope LA, Lindsay SW. [parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com]

Prognosis The prognosis in filariasis is good if infection is recognized and treated early. Filarial diseases are rarely fatal, but the consequences of infection can cause significant personal and socioeconomic hardship for those who are affected. [emedicine.com]

(See Pathophysiology and Etiology.) [13] As with most helminths, adult filarial parasites replicate in a definitive host. The adult worm burden in an individual cannot increase unless the host is exposed to additional microfilaria. [emedicine.com]

The etiology, diagnosis and treatment of amebiasis. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Md. Crosby, A. W. 1986. Ecological imperialism: the biological expansion of Europe, 900-1900. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. [cmr.asm.org]

Human Emerging and Re-emerging Infections covers the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, clinical features, and public health risks posed by new viral and microbial infections. [books.google.it]

We strongly suggest the need to carry out an epidemiological study and Chrysops vector surveillance in the savanna belt of northern Nigeria. [journals.plos.org]

Harrington, The Migration of Insect Vectors of Plant and Animal Viruses, Plant Virus Epidemiology, 10.1016/S0065-3527(06)67012-7, (453-517), (2006). R. A. Cheke, J. Mas and J. E. [www3.interscience.wiley.com]

Useful For Suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful Detection of microfilariae in peripheral blood Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

Pathophysiology The filarial life cycle, like that of all nematodes, consists of 5 developmental (larval) stages in a vertebral host and an arthropod intermediate host and vector. [emedicine.com]

He tried using bug spray and nets, but nothing seemed to help prevent these bites. Several months after his missionary trip, when Justin was back home in the U.S., he began to develop swelling around his elbows and other joints in his body. [study.com]

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. [dpd.cdc.gov]

Because ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine can cause serious adverse effects in people infected with Loa loa causing loiasis (African eye worm), an endemic disease in a large part of central Africa, the current guidelines for preventive chemotherapy contain [who.int]

It is targeted for elimination and is one of the five neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that are primarily controlled by preventive chemotherapy. [parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com]

Dead microfilariae within the uteri of the female worm degenerate and prevent further microfilarial production for 6-12 months. Ivermectin not only kills microfilariae, it is also a microfilarial suppressant. [emedicine.com]