METHOD A total of 2530 adult patients presenting with LRTI in 12 European countries filled in a diary on any medication used before and after a primary care consultation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

That means that when a person has a bacterial respiratory infection, there will typically be harmless bacteria that are normally present in the mouth, throat, etc. ( normal flora ) as well as disease-causing (pathogenic) bacteria present. [jebmh.com]

• Fatigue

  Symptoms include shortness of breath, weakness, fever, coughing and fatigue. There are a number of symptoms that are characteristic of lower respiratory tract infections. The two most common are bronchitis and edema. [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] including urinary tract infection; fungal infection dizziness, vertigo, headache, sensation disorders; cough, sore throat; nausea, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, mouth inflammation and ulcers; elevated liver enzymes; rash, itching; musculoskeletal pain; fever, fatigue [bg.glosbe.com]

  Symptoms include shortness of breath, weakness, fever, coughing and fatigue. There are a number of symptoms that are characteristic of lower respiratory tract infections. The two most common are bronchitis and pneumonia. [jebmh.com]

  […] mortality morula mosaic mosquito moss(es) moth motile motility motor nerve motor neuron movement mucous membrane mucus multicellular multiple allele(s) multiple birth multiple-gene inheritance multiple multiply mumps muscle muscle contraction muscle fatigue [docplayer.net]

• Congestive Heart Failure

  Assessing diagnosis in heart failure: which features are any use? Q J Med 1997 ; 90 : 335 –339. ↵ Cost B, Grobbee DE, Mostert A, Hoes AW. Detection of heart failure in elderly in general practice. [doi.org]

• Asymptomatic

  Implications for research M. pneumoniae infection is relatively common and its clinical manifestations range from being asymptomatic to death from its complications. [cochranelibrary.com]

• Constitutional Symptom

  Here, we report the recovery of L. jordanis from a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen from a patient who presented with an indolent lower respiratory tract infection associated with constitutional symptoms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pertussis

  Risk of B. pertussis decreased with each additional dose of diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis vaccine [0 doses = 17.9%; 1 dose = 7.0%; 2 doses = 6.9%; and >3 doses = 6.2%]. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Vaccination helps prevent bronchopneumonia, mostly against influenza viruses, adenoviruses, measles, rubella, streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, diphtheria, bacillus anthracis, chickenpox, and bordetella pertussis. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Other pathogens implicated in acute bronchitis are Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae), Chlamydia pneumoniae ( C. pneumoniae) and Bordetella pertussis ( B. pertussis), each of which has been identified in up to 25% of cases in various populations [doi.org]

• Rhinitis

  […] acarodermatitis, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, cellulitis, cystitis, ear infection, eye infection, influenza, localised infection, nasopharyngitis, onychomycosis, otitis media, otitis media chronic, pharyngitis, pneumonia, respiratory tract infection, rhinitis [bg.glosbe.com]

  […] βοήθημα en Pneumonia, influenza, respiratory tract infection, respiratory moniliasis, gastrointestinal infection, candidiasis, gastroenteritis, infection, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, fungal skin infection, skin candida, vaginal candidiasis, rhinitis [el.glosbe.com]

• Abdominal Distension

  Authors measured daily SaO2 and complications (catheter blockage, nasal ulceration, nasal blockage due to drying of secretions around the catheters, abdominal distension and aspiration of gastric contents). [cochranelibrary.com]

• Tachycardia

  However, these agents can cause adverse effects, such as skeletal muscle tremor, tachycardia, or other cardiac arrhythmias, and should clearly not be used if there is no good evidence for their effectiveness. [doi.org]

  A total of 216 hospitalised children between one month and five years with LRTI or with asthma were evaluated to determine the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of tachypnoea, tachycardia and chest retractions to determine the presence of [cochranelibrary.com]

• Hypotension

  Criteria for severe pneumonia include: 1) factors reflecting acute respiratory failure ( e.g. respiratory rate >30·min −1, P a,O 2 /F I,O 2 ratio e.g. hypotension (arterial systolic blood pressure 48, 51. [doi.org]

• Confusion

  OBJECTIVE: To assess the validity of CRB-65 (Confusion, Respiratory rate >30 breaths/min, BP 65 years) as a pneumonia severity index in a Malawian hospital population, and determine whether an alternative score has greater accuracy in this setting. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  However, lack of availability of cost-effective diagnostic tests ensures the persistence of ‘grey areas' of confusing aetiology. [doi.org]

• Streptococcus Pneumoniae

  Pneumonia is also the leading cause of death in children less than five years of age in low income countries. The most common cause of pneumonia is pneumococcal bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae accounts for 2/3 of bacteremic pneumonias. [en.wikipedia.org]

  What is New: • We used conventional and molecular techniques to show that Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Moraxella catarrhalis were present in the LRT of Spanish children with suspected chronic LRTI • Concordance between isolates [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The most common cause of pneumonia is pneumococcal bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae accounts for 2/3 of bacteremic pneumonias. [jebmh.com]

• Staphylococcus Aureus

  This is followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (19%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4%). [jebmh.com]

  Typical Bacterial Infections: Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniaAtypical Bacterial Infections: Legionella pneumophila Mycoplasma pneumoniae Chlamydophila pneumoniae Chlamydia psittaci Parasitic infections: Respiratory cryptosporidiosisViral [en.wikipedia.org]

  aureus) and the severity of the disease (as well as the difficulties in reaching optimal concentration at the bone level bg Ако отбележиш още веднъж, той ще се пречупи en Long-term safety profile of ciprofloxacin to treat upper-respiratory tract infections [bg.glosbe.com]

  aureus) and the severity of the disease (as well as the difficulties in reaching optimal concentration at the bone level el Δεν έχω τίποτα μαζί σου Λαγέ en Pneumonia frequently starts as an upper respiratory tract infection that moves into the lower [el.glosbe.com]

  Determinants of chronic infection with Staphylococcus aureus in patients with bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J 1999 ; 14 : 1340 –1344. ↵ Mitchell JL, Hill SL. [doi.org]

The period of treatment for both the groups was 10 days, and minimum cost analysis was used to analyze the treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment of acute bronchitis with antibiotics is common but controversial as their use has only moderate benefit weighted against potential side effects (nausea and vomiting), increased resistance, and cost of treatment in a self-limiting condition. [en.wikipedia.org]

What classification should be used for treatment? Initial treatment has to be empiric. [doi.org]

Knowledge of local bacterial aetiology and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of LRTIs facilitates early introduction of proper empirical antibiotics, which can reduce the morbidity, mortality and improve prognosis particularly at peripheral level where [jebmh.com]

A multivariate analysis of risk and prognosis. Chest 93, 318–324 (1988). 11. Drakulovic, M. B. et al. Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised trial. [doi.org]

Despite this, their etiology or potential preventive measures are poorly assessed. • Bronchoalveolar lavage can be used to determine bacterial etiology of chronic LRTI. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

KEYWORDS: Human Bocavirus; children; epidemiology; lower respiratory tract infection; meteorological factors [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although the pathophysiological definition of acute bronchitis seems clear (an inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree in association with a generalised respiratory infection), the clinical definition of acute bronchitis is not standardised. [doi.org]

Atlanta, Georgia, USA. 6 Influenza Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa. 7 Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Active preventive measures could be taken for these patients 19, 22, 23. [doi.org]