Case presentation An 87-year-old male was being evaluated for urinary incontinence and recent onset of unsteady gait by his geriatrician. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hemophilia A

  […] meningoencephalitis, Leptospiral meningitis, Tuberculous meningitis, Listeria, Bacterial meningitis, Subacute (to chronic) meningitis Clinical Manifestation : Arthritis --> Other diagnoses : Acute rheumatic fever, Malignant effusion, Post-traumatic effusion, Hemophilia [physio-pedia.com]

• Fever

  Yellow fever Yellow fever is a viral haemorrhagic fever caused by a Flavivirus: the yellow fever virus. It is transmitted by the bite of a mosquito of the Aedes genus. [cmete.com]

  Coli Shigellosis Smallpox Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses Staphylococci Streptococci (Strep - Group A & B, S.Pneumo) T-Z Taeniasis Tetanus Tick-borne Diseases Tick-borne Relapsing Fever (TBRF) Toxoplasmosis Trichinosis Trichuriasis Tuberculosis (TB) [dshs.texas.gov]

  A biphasic fever is a hallmark of Colorado Tick Fever and presents in nearly 50% of infected patients. [wikidoc.org]

  He had been well until eight hours prior to admission when fever and headache developed. Received December 17, 1987. Accepted February 17, 1988. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  […] ehrlichiosis A778Other spotted fevers A779Spotted fever, unspecified A78Q fever A790Trench fever A791Rickettsialpox due to Rickettsia akari A7981Rickettsiosis due to Ehrlichia sennetsu A7989Other specified rickettsioses A799Rickettsiosis, unspecified [cms.gov]

• Weakness

  The Lyme Disease Foundation, Inc. recommends being on the lookout for a loss of reflexes, lazy eye, extreme weakness of any of the muscles in the body, seizures, personality changes and severe headaches. [livestrong.com]

  Research Here YAHOO E yes and Vision Disturbances (Eye) Myasthenia gravis - weakness of the eye muscles, difficulty swallowing, slurred speech, difficulty with breathing, muscle weakness, blurred or double vision, unstable or waddling gait, weakness in [lyme-symptoms.com]

  Often there exists damage to the brains, such as problems with thinking, weakness of limbs and gait disturbances, so that the patient must be purchased. The recovery and revalidation then often takes months to complete. [braininjury-explanation.com]

  The patient, who had a history of follicular lymphoma in remission, experienced two months of rapidly progressing weakness and persistent headache, explains Patel. [danielcameronmd.com]

  Meningoencephalitis Questions and Advice from Veterinary Professionals Has Symptoms Lethargy, anorexia Lethargy 3 year old English Mastiff male dx with Meningitis spinal nerve weakness R side greater then left side, no abnormal cranial nerve exam, at [wagwalking.com]

• Pathologist

  One highly renowned pathologist by the name of Dr. Alan MacDonald studied the link between Alzheimer’s and the spirochete seen in Lyme disease ticks and patients. [guardianlv.com]

  In February 2014, the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia released a position statement on diagnostic laboratory testing for Lyme disease in Australia and New Zealand.9 Ticks of the genus Ixodes are present in Australia, but species known to [mja.com.au]

  They have systems in place that are recognized by accreditation bodies, such as: Accreditation Canada College of American Pathologists International Organization for Standardization This applies to all procedures conducted in the laboratory, including [canada.ca]

• Collapse

  In histophilosis of cattle, the nervous signs tend to be peracute, with sudden collapse and profound depression of consciousness (stupor or coma); fever and limb stiffness may be the only signs detectable in the prodromal stages. [merckvetmanual.com]

  Endotoxic shock with vascular collapse is characteristic of severe N meningitidis (meningococcal) infection. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Amyloidosis

  […] containing back-references to A69.22: Type 1 Excludes: G63 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code G63 Polyneuropathy in diseases classified elsewhere 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Billable/Specific Code Manifestation Code Code First underlying disease, such as: amyloidosis [icd10data.com]

• Sneezing

  The bacteria that cause meningitis can spread when people who are infected cough or sneeze. If you or your child has been around someone who has bacterial meningitis, ask your doctor what steps you should take to avoid catching it. [webmd.com]

  This means they can be passed to someone who kisses an infected person or to someone who touches the secretions from someone who is sneezing or coughing and then touches his or her own nose or mouth. [humanillnesses.com]

  Both kinds of meningitis spread like most other common infections do — someone who's infected touches, kisses, or coughs or sneezes on someone who isn't infected. [kidshealth.org]

  Always cover your mouth before sneezing or coughing. You should also avoid sharing drinks or food with others, especially when you’re in a group setting. [healthline.com]

  Enteroviruses can be transmitted by exposure to an infected individual’s secretions entering the oral cavity through sneezing or oral fecal contact. Proper hand hygiene and covering sneezes and coughs can therefore decrease the risk of transmission. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

• Common Cold

  Many of the symptoms are similar to those of the common cold or flu so you may never know you had aseptic meningitis. This makes aseptic meningitis different from bacterial meningitis, which causes severe symptoms and may be life-threatening. [healthline.com]

• Vomiting

  The first symptoms can come on quickly or start several days after someone has had a cold, diarrhea, vomiting, or other signs of an infection. [kidshealth.org]

  Starts 3-30 days after bite and occurs in 70-80% of cases Erythema migrans rash more often without central clearing Fatigue, low grade fever, migrating arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, headache, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain Early Disseminated Infection [wikem.org]

  The virus, which causes symptoms that include fever, headache, vomiting and lethargy, can potentially infect the central nervous system, causing meningitis, encephalitis and long-term neurological problems, according to Theodore Andreadis, director of [courant.com]

  Other symptoms associated with the disease include sore throat, abdominal pain, vomiting, and a skin rash. A biphasic fever is a hallmark of Colorado Tick Fever and presents in nearly 50% of infected patients. [wikidoc.org]

  Infants: a rapid increase in head circumference and may include vomiting, sleepiness, irritability, downward deviation of the eyes (also called "sunsetting"), and seizures. [lyme-symptoms.com]

• Nausea

  Starts 3-30 days after bite and occurs in 70-80% of cases Erythema migrans rash more often without central clearing Fatigue, low grade fever, migrating arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, headache, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain Early Disseminated Infection [wikem.org]

  Older children/adults may experience include headache followed by vomiting, nausea, papilledema (swelling of the optic disk which is part of the optic nerve), blurred or double vision. [lyme-symptoms.com]

  The symptoms may include: high fever flu-like symptoms ( fever, headache ) severe headache photosensitivity nausea and vomiting obtundation / coma (muscle ) weakness eye muscle paralysis problems with vision / double vision epilepsy / seizures Some variations [braininjury-explanation.com]

  Viral Infection Tick-borne meningoencephalitis [6] TBEV virus Ixodes scapularis, I. ricinus, I. persulcatus Early Phase: Non-specific symptoms including fever, malaise, anorexia, muscle pains, headaches, nausea, and vomiting. [wikidoc.org]

  They will have nonspecific symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, headaches, nausea, vomiting and malaise. In 20-30% of cases, a new clinical illness begins after eight days of remission. [passporthealthusa.com]

• Thrombosis

  Cerebral venous thrombosis in Behçet's disease: a systematic review. J Neurol, 258 (2011), pp. 719-727 Please cite this article as: Cabrera Núñez A, et al. Meningoencefalitis troncoencefálica como presentación de enfermedad de Behçet. [elsevier.es]

  Foci of necrosis develop in the arterial and venous walls and induce arterial and venous thrombosis. Venous thrombosis is more frequent than arterial thrombosis, but arterial and venous cerebral infarctions can be seen in 30% of patients. [emedicine.medscape.com]

  Cerebral sinuvenous thrombosis: a rare complication of Lyme neuroborreliosis. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2014;127(1-2):65-67. doi:10.1007/s00508-014-0622-5. [ PubMed ] Brogan GX, Homan CS, Viccellio P. [prohealthgroupinc.com]

  […] deficits [66] Seizures Cognitive impairment Spasticity or paresis Cerebral edema and elevated ICP Communicating hydrocephalus Cerebrovascular disease Rare: brain abscess;, subdural empyema, arteritis (risk of cerebral infarction and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis [amboss.com]

  Cortical vein thrombosis produces hemorrhagic infarction of the cortex, with resultant focal signs and (often) seizures. [dartmouth.edu]

• Eruptions

  The lesion usually feels hot and itchy and may grow to over 20 in (50.8 cm) as more lesions erupt. The lesion is later replaced by red blotches or diffuse urticaria. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  In the sandfly's midgut, the parasites differentiate into promastigotes (7), which multiply, differentiate into metacyclic promastigotes and migrate to the proboscis (8) Signs and symptoms The symptoms of leishmaniasis are skin sores which erupt weeks [intranet.tdmu.edu.ua]

• Diplopia

  She had experienced continuing headaches, lethargy and a self-limiting episode of diplopia that prompted her to see her general practitioner. [mja.com.au]

  The symptoms may include facial paralysis, abducens palsy, anorexia, tiredness, headache, diplopia, paraesthesias, erythema migrans, and other disorders. [lyme-symptoms.com]

  […] improvement 2 months, complete recovery 2 Zidovudine none reported Erythema Headache, painful limbs, weight loss, pneumonia Primairily: PO Azithromycin Progression to neuroborreliosis Saquinavir 1 day 500 mg, 4 days 250 mg Zalcitabine 2 weeks later: fever, diplopia [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]

  She denied any vertigo, nausea, diplopia, or blurred vision and was able to chew without much difficulty despite some numbness to her tongue. The patient's hearing was normal, and she did not describe arthralgia, rashes, or joint swelling. [jaoa.org]

  A 71-year-old woman with headache, malaise, fever, and diplopia. Initial coronal postcontrast T1 MR imaging (A and B) with enhancing bilateral third and fifth cranial nerves. [ajnr.org]

• Headache

  He had been well until eight hours prior to admission when fever and headache developed. Received December 17, 1987. Accepted February 17, 1988. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

  Early symptoms may include an expanding red rash (called erythema migrans), fatigue, chills, fever, headache, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph nodes, among others. [dshs.state.tx.us]

  More recognizable Lyme disease nervous system manifestations include facial paralysis (Bell palsy), or meningitis with severe headache and stiff neck. [hopkinslyme.org]

  —A 13-year-old boy had temperatures to 38.3 °C and headaches when he returned from summer camp on Cape Cod. During the second week after his return from camp, the headaches became [jamanetwork.com]

• Confusion

  A 73-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a 16-day history of confusion and intermittent headaches. He was an avid gardener and reportedly had tick bites in the past but none that he noticed in the weeks prior to his symptoms. [danielcameronmd.com]

  Severe Neurological Symptoms In the later stages of Lyme disease you may become disoriented, confused and experience dizziness. You may develop short-term memory loss and an inability to participate in a conversation. [livestrong.com]

  Symptoms are usually similar to those of acute bacterial meningitis (headache, fever, and stiff neck) but may also include confusion, hearing loss, and double vision. [merckmanuals.com]

  When To Call a Professional Contact a doctor if someone in your family suddenly becomes confused, is very hard to arouse, seems to have lost consciousness or has severe headaches. [drugs.com]

  Unfortunately, by the time your dog starts showing obvious symptoms, such as fever, confusion, and convulsions, it may have already done irreparable damage. [wagwalking.com]

• Peripheral Neuropathy

  Peripheral neuropathies are motor or sensory or mixed. Less common neurological complications include mononeuritis multiplex, transverse myelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, chorea, cerebellar ataxia, and pseudotumor cerebri. [pediatricneurologybriefs.com]

  neuropathy, radiculopathy Cardiovascular: AV blocks, RBBB, dysrhythmias, LV dysfunction Eye: Conjunctivitis, keratitis, retinal detachment, optic neuritis Late Disseminated Infection (Months to Years) Arthritis: Monarticularule outligoarticular asymmetric [wikem.org]

  Peripheral neuropathy – particularly small fibre damage. Lyme associated neurological symptoms may include: Facial palsy/weakness (Facial nerve palsy = VII cranial nerve palsy). Headache/neckache. [lymediseaseaction.org.uk]

• Altered Mental Status

  Meningitis is distinct from encephalitis, which is inflammation of the brain parenchyma and is strongly associated with altered mental status. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

  Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) : Borrelia recurrentis Pediculus humanus Typhus (Rickettsia) Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Rickettsia rickettsii Dermacentor variabilis, Dermacentor andersoni Fever, altered mental status, myalgia, rash, and headaches [wikidoc.org]

  Patients may also present with neurological deficits, altered mental status, and seizures, indicating increased intracranial pressure (ICP). The diagnosis is confirmed with lumbar puncture (LP) and CSF analysis. [amboss.com]

  Due to the presence of triad symptoms of urinary incontinence, altered mental status, and unsteady gait, a presumptive diagnosis of NPH was made and a large volume spinal tap was performed; this led to modest improvement in his gait. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cranial Nerve Involvement

  No leptomeningeal enhancement was found 4 weeks after the treatment on post-contrast sagittal T1 weighted images (d, e) Full size image Cranial neuritis About 80% of cranial nerve involvement in LNB affect facial nerves, bilaterally in 25% of the cases [insightsimaging.springeropen.com]

  Paresis, focal neurological deficits (including cranial nerve involvement and abnormal pupils). Seizures. [patient.info]

  […] arteritis Cranial nerve deficits; are most commonly seen in basal meningitis and predominantly involve the abducens nerve [50] Diagnostics CSF fluid Presence of acid-fast bacilli on CSF Gram stain [40][43] Culture is the gold standard for diagnosis, [amboss.com]

  Isolated oculomotor nerve paralysis in Lyme disease: MRI. Neuroradiology 1997;39:139–41 ↵ Nelson JA, Wolf MD, Yuh WT, et al. Cranial nerve involvement with Lyme borreliosis demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging. [ajnr.org]

Further workup for possible viral, fungal or inadequately treated bacterial meningoencephalitis was pursued. As he had recently been outdoors for a fourth of July picnic, Lyme serologies were added to his workup (Figure 2). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cerebrospinal Fluid Abnormality

  Moderate pleocytosis and increased albumin can be found in the cerebrospinal fluid; abnormalities in the thalamus, cerebellum, and brainstem in MRI may be shown as well. [columbia-lyme.org]

  It often occurs when an infection elsewhere in the body spreads through the blood and into the cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid that circulates in the spaces in and around the brain and spinal cord). [lyme-symptoms.com]

Although Lyme disease frequently attacks the central nervous system, this involvement is rarely severe, and high-dose intravenous penicillin usually is adequate treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We identified prescribed treatment and reasons for all return visits. Our primary outcome was the presence of any treatment complication within 30 days of diagnosis. [journals.lww.com]

Treatment Treatment regimens listed in the following table are for localized (early) Lyme disease. See references for treatment of patients with disseminated (late) Lyme disease. [cdc.gov]

She underwent eight months of oral antibiotics and seven weeks of intravenous treatment — far more than the treatment guidelines allow — and achieved 90 percent improvement, she said. [poughkeepsiejournal.com]

Treatment-related complications in children hospitalized with disseminated Lyme disease. J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc. 2017;6:e152-154. [mdedge.com]

Meningitis Symptoms Meningitis Causes Meningitis Mechanism Meningitis Diagnosis Meningitis Treatment Meningitis Prognosis History of Meningitis [news-medical.net]

Protozoas Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, e.g., Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris, Sappinia diploidea Trypanosoma brucei Toxoplasma gondii (sporozoa) Prognosis[edit | edit source] As the disease is a combination of two very serious neurological [physio-pedia.com]

Prognosis Meningitis kills more UK children under the age of 5 than any other infectious disease. [ 2 ] Prognosis depends on the pathogen, the patient's age and condition and the severity of acute illness. [patient.info]

[…] syndrome is a group of heterogeneous degenerative neurological disorders, which differ from the classical idiopathic Parkinson’s disease in certain associated clinical features, poor response to levodopa, distinctive pathological characteristics and poor prognosis [danielcameronmd.com]

Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin can be difficult to treat and generally carries and unfavourable prognosis; if not performed already, an examination of cerebrospinal fluid would be a good diagnostic test to perform next. [wagwalking.com]

Epidemiology and etiology of severe childhood encephalitis in the Netherlands. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2020;39:267–272. 37. Fowler A, Stödberg T, Eriksson M, et al. Childhood encephalitis in Sweden: etiology, clinical presentation and outcome. [journals.lww.com]

Lyme disease is a recently described inflammatory disorder characterized by the appearance of a unique skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans, recurrent attacks of arthritis, and occasional involvement of the heart and nervous system. 1 Although the etiologic [jamanetwork.com]

Brief Summary: The main objective of this study is: to establish etiology of acute aseptic meningitis/meningoencephalitis in Slovenia to assess the clinical course and outcome of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme neuroborreliosis to characterize the inflammatory [clinicaltrials.gov]

As further evidence for an infectious etiology, antimicrobial therapy has been shown to significantly alter the course of the disease. [cdc.gov]

Four patients classified as having AM had papilledema (enterovirus: n = 1; viral meningitis without a known etiology: n = 2; and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: n = 1). [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

Main outcome measures Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of different types of childhood meningitis. Results Infectious meningitis was diagnosed in 211 children (annual incidence 38/100 000). [adc.bmj.com]

The tick specimens collecting was performed by flagging at the selected localities by workers of the Department of Epidemiology of the Public Heath Authority of the City of Prague in the co-operation with personnel of the Municipal Public Health Authority [portalzp.praha.eu]

Prevention Read more The EU parliament has adopted a resolution on Lyme borreliosis ESGBOR welcomes the call of the EU parliament for additional epidemiological surveillance, funding and research for this tick-borne infection, and improvement of patient [escmid.org]

Epidemiology [ edit ] The disease is most common in Central and Eastern Europe, and Northern Asia. [en.wikipedia.org]

Lyme disease Microchapters Home Patient Information Overview Historical Perspective Classification Pathophysiology Epidemiology and Demographics Causes Differentiating Lyme disease from other Diseases Risk Factors Screening Natural History, Complications [wikidoc.org]

Protozoal: Toxoplasma gondii (rare) [18] References:[19][20][21][22][23][24] Pathophysiology Incubation periods Bacterial meningitis: usually 3–7 days [27] Viral meningitis: usually 2–14 days, depending on the type of virus References:[20][22][27] Clinical [amboss.com]

Pathophysiology: Clinical Concepts of Disease Processes. 6th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby;2003 : 1106. 7 Tibbles CD, Edlow JA. Does this patient have erythema migrans? JAMA. 2007 : 297 (23);2617-2627. 8 Steere AC. Lyme borreliosis. [jaoa.org]

The exact pathophysiology of Lyme neuroborreliosis is unknown and may be multifactorial. In some specimens, the spirochete can be identified (6). [canlyme.com]

Numerous questions remain unanswered about the causative organism, pathophysiology, definitive diagnosis, geographic range of illness, and most effective treatment for STARI. [ccjm.org]

Prevention [ edit ] A sign in Lithuanian forest, warning about a high probability to be infected by tick-borne encephalitis Prevention includes non-specific (tick-bite prevention, tick checks) and specific prophylaxis in the form of a vaccination. [en.wikipedia.org]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Frequently Asked Questions – Lyme Disease. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/faq/index.html#accurate. Accessed July 2012. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Transmission – Lyme Disease. [labtestsonline.it]

Meningitis, especially caused by certain bacteria and viruses, is preventable with vaccinations and prophylactic or preventable antibiotics and medications among those who have been exposed to the infection. [news-medical.net]

Tick removal within 36 hours of attachment can prevent Lyme disease, but the spread of other tickborne diseases can happen with shorter periods of attachment time. [dhhs.nh.gov]

Prevention measures currently rely on tick avoidance, tick repellants and careful inspection and removal if present. No vaccine for humans is available. [medicinejournal.co.uk]