Residual nodes were present in 10% of patients at the end of 9-month treatment with rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol, including prolonged or modified regimens in some individuals. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Cervical Lymphadenopathy

  After one month of antituberculous treatment, the cervical lymphadenopathy and left parotid lumpiness disappeared. Tuberculous parotitis and neoplasms have similar clinical manifestations. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Imaging alone is often unable to categorically distinguish tuberculous lymphadenitis from other causes of cervical lymphadenopathy and necrotic/cystic lymphadenopathy. [radiopaedia.org]

  Cervical lymphadenopathy is the most common manifestation of TB lymphadenitis. In contemporary series it represents 63 to 77% of cases. In our study too isolated cervical lymphadenopathy were noted in 78.94% [ 15, 17 ]. [omicsonline.org]

  Statistics are not available for isolated cervical lymphadenitis. Recent statistics for NTM indicate an increase in prevalence and isolation of cervical lymphadenopathy caused by NTM. [emedicine.com]

• Inguinal Lymphadenopathy

  Isolated inguinal tubercular lymphadenopathy has been described but is a very rare presentation of tuberculosis. [ispub.com]

• Fever

  […] extrapulmonary tuberculosis that is located in lymph node, and has symptom lymphadenopathy, has symptom fever, has symptom weight loss, has symptom fatigue, has symptom night sweats and has symptom cough Tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis Lymph Node Tuberculosis [wikidata.org]

  Sweet's syndrome (SS) is an acute neutrophilic dermatosis characterised by abrupt onset of fever, leukocytosis and cutaneous eruption, with dermal neutrophilia on skin biopsy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  On clinic, TB involving lymph node, but without pulmonary involvement, may present with fever, weight loss, pain, or without any symptoms, similar to lymphoma. [journals.lww.com]

• Lymphadenopathy

  Tuberculous adenitis Tuberculous lymphadenopathy king's evil scrofula [wikidata.org]

  Materials and Methods: Study included patients aged > 6 years with peripheral lymphadenopathy of tubercular etiology attending a tertiary care hospital from Jan 2010 to Dec 2010. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Fine needle aspiration cytology of the left axillary lymphadenopathy done later revealed tuberculosis. [scopemed.org]

• Chills

  A 21-year-old man came to our hospital with persistent pain in his right lower quadrant of abdomen for more than 1 month, but had no diarrhea, fever, chills, weight loss, or other constitutional symptoms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  NTM infections do not show other notable constitutional symptoms, but scrofula caused by tuberculosis is usually accompanied by other symptoms of the disease, such as fever, chills, malaise and weight loss in about 43% of the patients. [en.wikipedia.org]

  They include: A cough that lasts more than 3 weeks Chest pain Coughing up blood Feeling tired all the time Night sweats Chills Fever Loss of appetite Weight loss If you experience any of these symptoms, see your doctor to get tested. [webmd.com]

  The general symptoms of active TB include weakness or feeling very tired, losing weight without trying, a lack of appetite, chills, fever (a high temperature of 38C or above) and night sweats. [tbfacts.org]

• Hodgkin Lymphoma

  In some cases, stem cell transplant has to be done. #6 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is cancer of the lymph tissue. [thehealthsite.com]

  Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and other infections (e.g. Non-tuberculous mycobacteria ( M. scrofulaceum, M. aviumcomplex, M. kansaii ), cat scratch disease, fungal infection, sarcoidosis and bacterial adenitis). [omicsonline.org]

  For example, enlarged lymph nodes may be due to: Cancers (breast, lung, oral) HIV Cancer of the lymph tissue ( Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin lymphoma) Infection (tuberculosis, cat scratch disease ) Inflammation of lymph nodes and other organs and tissues ( sarcoidosis [medlineplus.gov]

  Distribution of various subtypes of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in India: a study of 2773 lymphomas using R.E.A.L. and WHO classifications. Ann Oncol (2000) 11 (Suppl 1):63–7. doi:10.1023/A:1011103326656 CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar 14. [journal.frontiersin.org]

• Pallor

  The skin is dry and harsh and assumes a characteristic pallor and there is emaciation and anemia. [henriettes-herb.com]

  While pulmonary tuberculosis mostly occurs among males extrapulmonary tuberculosis mostly occurs among females. [8], [9] Systemic symptoms of tuberculosis are fever, chills, night sweats, appetite and weight loss, pallor and tendency to exhausting easily [joomr.org]

• Abdominal Pain

  We report the case of a 38 year old Pakistani man with abdominal pain of several months duration, who was initially diagnosed with a pancreatic neoplasm after detecting a mass in the pancreatic isthmus by computed tomography (CT) and abdominal magnetic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms can include: persistently swollen glands abdominal pain pain and loss of movement in an affected bone or joint confusion a persistent headache fits (seizures) TB affecting other parts of the body is more common in people who have a weakened immune [nhs.uk]

  Pain 542 Celiac Disease 543 Pancreatitis 544 Cholecystitis 546 Endocrine System 548 Thyroid Disorders 551 Adrenal Disorders 557 Puberty and Gonadal Disorders 563 Growth Disorders 567 Pituitary Disorders 572 Type 1 InsulinDependent Diabetes Mellitus 573 [books.google.com]

  Clinically, the symptoms of abdominal TB lymphadenitis are varied and nonspecific, and include abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, abdominal mass, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. [sonoworld.com]

  Gastrointestinal TB, Abdominal TB or TB of the Kidneys & their symptoms The symptoms of abdominal TB can be abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bleeding from the anus or rectum. [tbfacts.org]

• Nausea

  Clinically, the symptoms of abdominal TB lymphadenitis are varied and nonspecific, and include abdominal pain, fever, weight loss, abdominal mass, jaundice, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. [sonoworld.com]

  Feeling sick (nausea). Itching. Feeling generally more unwell. If you have any of these, stop the tablets and see a doctor urgently. Vision changes (if taking ethambutol). Early symptoms are slight loss of vision or loss of colour vision. [patient.info]

  Four patients developed mild pruritus to ATT which responded to antihistamines and two patients developed nausea to ATT which responded to antiemetics ( Figure 14 ). Figure 14: Adverse drug reactions to ATT. [omicsonline.org]

• Erythema

  We encountered a case of tuberculous lymphadenitis with erythema nodosum presenting with an unusual manifestation as subungual erythema in all the digits. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  At the completion of 12 months of Rifampin, Ethambutol, and PZA, two tender, erythema-tous and fluctuant cervical nodes were still present. [heartlandntbc.org]

  Suppurative BCG lymphadenitis distinguished by the development of fluctuations in the swelling, with erythema and oedema of overlying skin. 63. [slideshare.net]

  Skin - TB can cause certain rashes, including erythema nodosum - a red, lumpy rash on the legs - or lupus vulgaris which gives lumps or ulcers. [patient.info]

• Fear

  "His heart is cheered, his fears are in a measure dispelled, and with eagerness he procures and takes the medicine." For several weeks he may feel better, since the nostrum is doubtless "of a stimulating nature." [quackwatch.com]

• Neck Mass

  After diagnosis, all patients received antituberculous chemotherapy and one patient with pocket formation underwent total resection of neck masses with infectious skin. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

  A 39-year-old Zambian man who was visiting the United States presented with a three-week history of a draining neck mass and a three-month history of swelling on the left side of his neck. [nejm.org]

  Differential Diagnosis of Scrofula The differential diagnosis of scrofula includes the following: Cervicofacial lymphangiomas Congenital malformations of the neck Fine-needle aspiration of neck masses Lymphomas of the head and neck Malignant nasopharyngeal [emedicine.com]

  Examination found a large neck mass (8 cm by 5 cm) but was otherwise unremarkable. [bmj.com]

• Seizure

  Symptoms can include: persistently swollen glands abdominal pain pain and loss of movement in an affected bone or joint confusion a persistent headache fits (seizures) TB affecting other parts of the body is more common in people who have a weakened immune [nhs.uk]

  Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis 679 Femoral Anteversion 680 Patellofemoral Problems 682 OsgoodSchlatter Disease 683 Blounts Disease 684 Genu Valgum 685 Metatarsus Adductus 686 Clubfoot 687 Scoliosis 689 Kyphosis 692 Cervical Spine Problems 693 Febrile Seizures [books.google.com]

  Only then do the more obvious symptoms like vomiting, severe headache, a dislike of lights, neck stiffness and seizures occur. [tbfacts.org]

  Rarely, a solitary granuloma, or "tuberculoma", may form and manifest with seizures. Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis: This is uncommon today because routine pasteurization of milk has eliminated Mycobacterium bovis infections. [library.med.utah.edu]

  […] lymph nodes in the neck, armpits, or groin and other symptoms of Hodgkin lymphoma, this cancer also shows signs and symptoms of coughing or shortness of breath, abdominal pain or swelling, headache, concentration problems, personality changes, or even seizures [thehealthsite.com]

• Convulsions

  Fits (convulsions). Drowsiness. A change in behaviour. Skin - TB can cause certain rashes, including erythema nodosum - a red, lumpy rash on the legs - or lupus vulgaris which gives lumps or ulcers. [patient.info]

  Convulsions can occur at all stages of the illness. A high index of suspicion is necessary for timely diagnosis and prompt initiation of therapy. [aafp.org]

PPD should be the first line of investigation in the workup of a patient with a neck mass. Usefulness is diminished in individuals who have immunosuppression secondary to anergy. For nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), response is variable. [emedicine.com]

Chronic LD: Suggested Initial Workup 1. Complete blood counts, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a careful evaluation of the peripheral blood smear. ( 5, 15, 22, 26 ). 2. [journal.frontiersin.org]

• Atelectasis

  Intrathoracic nodes may compress one of the bronchus leading to atelectasis, lung infection and bronchiectasis or thoracic duct leading to chylous effusion. [lungindia.com]

  Computed tomographic scan showing loculated pleural fluid and pleural thickening (arrow) in the right chest with associated right lower lobe atelectasis. [aafp.org]

• Lymphocytosis

  CNS Tuberculosis: A meningeal pattern of spread can occur, and the cerebrospinal fluid typically shows a high protein, low glucose, and lymphocytosis. The base of the brain is often involved, so that various cranial nerve signs may be present. [library.med.utah.edu]

Nine other patients had changes in treatment because of side-effects (5), drug-resistant organisms (3) and pregnancy (1). Treatment was prolonged in another seven patients, four in error and three because of previous drug treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis of Scrofula is very good with appropriate treatment Please find comprehensive information on Scrofula regarding definition, distribution, risk factors, causes, signs & symptoms, diagnosis, complications, treatment, prevention, prognosis, [dovemed.com]

Treatment and prognosis Treatment is with prolonged courses of multi-agent antimycobacterials and in some instances (after many months of medical management) surgical excision of residual nodal masses 6. [radiopaedia.org]

For example, in cancers, the condition of lymph nodes is significant for cancer staging, which decides the treatment to be employed and the prognosis. [thehealthsite.com]

[…] citation needed ] The affected nodes can be removed either by repeated aspiration, curettage or total excision (with the risk in the latter procedure, however, often causing unsightly scarring, damage to the facial nerve, or both). [ citation needed ] Prognosis [en.wikipedia.org]

Prognosis When taking treatment for tuberculosis in Norway, you will be cured. Normally, you will be called for check-ups for up to two years after you completed treatment. [lhl.no]

Materials and Methods: Study included patients aged > 6 years with peripheral lymphadenopathy of tubercular etiology attending a tertiary care hospital from Jan 2010 to Dec 2010. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Head Trauma 234 Sepsis and Septic Shock 242 Nonpolio Enteroviruses 332 Respiratory Syncytial Virus 334 Rhinoviruses 336 Roseola and Human Herpesviruses 337 Rubella 338 Rubeola 339 VaricellaZoster Virus 342 Viral Gastroenteritis 344 Disorders of Unknown Etiology [books.google.com]

Its diagnosis in this unusual site highlights the fact that migration is an etiologic factor not only in terms of migration from developing to developed countries but also migration within a developing country itself. [sciforschenonline.org]

“The great mimicker”: an unusual etiology of cytopenia, diffuse lymphadenopathy, and massive splenomegaly. Case Rep Med (2015) 2015 :637965. doi:10.1155/2015/637965 CrossRef Full Text | Google Scholar 30. [journal.frontiersin.org]

Etiology of Scrofula Cellular immunity, in particular the T-cell population, is instrumental in controlling infection. [emedicine.com]

CONCLUSION: Most of the differences in the clinical presentation among patients from various geographic areas were driven by the epidemiology of TB and HIV in the countries of origin. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] in: 2012 Objectives: To analyse the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of cervical lymph node tuberculosis (TB) in Libreville. [jle.com]

Epidemiological data were extracted from the hospital electronic database and medical records. [journals.plos.org]

There are many important changes incorporated into this edition, including the dramatic effect of AIDS on the incidence and clinical mani festations of mycobacterial infection, new developments in epidemiology and bacteriology, and thoroughly updated [books.google.com]

Pathophysiology of Scrofula Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an obligate aerobe, non–spore-forming, slender rod. Humans are its only reservoir. Transmission is from person to person via respiratory route by inhalation of small aerosols. [emedicine.com]

Pathophysiology Mycobacterium tuberculosis is most commonly spread via the respiratory route by inhalation of infected aero-sols. [heartlandntbc.org]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1600 Clifton Rd. [dovemed.com]

It is used in newborns in these communities to prevent TB and its complications in the first few years of life. In Canada, there's controversy over the use of this vaccine because it doesn't prevent the initial infection. [medbroadcast.com]

We should consider tuberculosis when cervical lymph node swelling is seen, and early diagnosis and treatment are needed to prevent the spread of infection to others. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

Abdominal TB is generally responsive to medical treatment alone, so early diagnosis can prevent unnecessary surgical intervention [1]. [sonoworld.com]

As with the first edition, it is hoped that this text will continue to represent a definitive resource for both the basic scientist and the clinician who deal with the prevention and treatment of mycobacterial infection. [books.google.com]