Constraints in the present manual reporting were analysed. PHP and MySQL tools were used to generate user friendly modules. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Large-scale treatment conducted annually for 4-6 years, treating all persons living in areas where the infection is present can interrupt the transmission cycle. [web.archive.org]

• Noncompliance

  The most important causes of systematic noncompliance were not receiving the drug and fear of side-effects. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Increased Appetite

  appetite [ 26 ] (leading, in some settings, to 1 kg of extra weight gain and 0.6 cm extra growth in the first 5 months) [ 27 ] ; greater eye-hand coordination, learning ability and concentration [ 14 ] ; better school attendance, cognitive testing (20% [doi.org]

• Suicidal Ideation

  Emotional reactions included feelings of sadness, hopelessness, anger, frustration, worry, and suicidal ideation. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Meningism

  However, the drug is prescribed for patients with other severe illnesses and should not be given during outbreaks of meningitis. [12] Although up to 30% of patients experience adverse reactions after the first dose, ivermectin seems safe for large-scale [emedicine.com]

• Swelling of the Scrotum

  A small percentage of persons will develop lymphedema or, in men, a swelling of the scrotum called hydrocele. Lymphedema is caused by improper functioning of the lymph system that results in fluid collection and swelling. [cdc.gov]

  People with the disease can suffer from lymphedema and elephantiasis and in men, swelling of the scrotum, called hydrocele. Lymphatic filariasis is a leading cause of permanent disability worldwide. [web.archive.org]

[…] affecting humans and animals, caused by filariae; ie, nematode parasites of the family Filariidae. [1] Filarial parasites can be classified according to the habitat of the adult worms in the vertebral host, as follows (see Pathophysiology, Etiology, and Workup [emedicine.com]

• Plasmodium Falciparum

  BACKGROUND: Universal coverage with long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is a primary control strategy against Plasmodium falciparum malaria. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Reducing Plasmodium falciparum malaria transmission in Africa: a model-based evaluation of intervention strategies. PLoS Med 7, e1000324 (2010). 56. Okumu, F. O. & Moore, S. J. [nature.com]

  View Article PubMed Google Scholar Burkot TR, Garner P, Paru R, Dagoro H, Barnes A, McDougall S, Wirtz RA, Campbell G, Spark R: Effects of untreated bed nets on the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax and Wuchereria bancrofti in Papua New [parasitesandvectors.biomedcentral.com]

Treatment effects were more pronounced in the HIV co-infected subgroup, indicating that the effectiveness of antifilarial treatment was not reduced by concomitant HIV-infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] and debilitating, inflammatory episodes of ADL; surgery for hydrocele; treatment with antifilarial medicines to destroy any remaining worms and microfilariae by preventive chemotherapy or individual treatment. [web.archive.org]

In such cases, the prognosis is good. [dovemed.com]

Prognosis The outlook is good in early or mild cases, especially if the patient can avoid being infected again. The disease is rarely fatal, and with continued WHO medical intervention, even gross elephantiasis is now becoming rare. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

Prognosis The prognosis in filariasis is good if infection is recognized and treated early. Filarial diseases are rarely fatal, but the consequences of infection can cause significant personal and socioeconomic hardship for those who are affected. [emedicine.com]

Complications and prognosis Filarial diseases are rarely fatal but those affected tend to have poor health, have more time off work and are less productive [ 8 ]. [patient.info]

However, the positive impact of the lymphedema management program was also emphasized, and many family and community members indicated that community members were accepting of patients and had some improved understanding of the etiology of the disease [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] eyelid Lymphedema of genitalia Lymphedema of limb Lymphedema of limbs due to immobility, chronic dependency and/or venous insufficiency Lymphedema of lip Lymphedema of lower extremity Lymphedema of penis Lymphedema of scrotum Lymphedema of uncertain etiology [icd9data.com]

(See Pathophysiology and Etiology.) [13] As with most helminths, adult filarial parasites replicate in a definitive host. The adult worm burden in an individual cannot increase unless the host is exposed to additional microfilaria. [emedicine.com]

(Etiology) Lymphatic Filariasis is caused by filarial worm species that infect a human host. The adult worms live in the lymphatic system and produce thousands of larval microfilariae. [dovemed.com]

RESULT: Post MDA survey showed drug coverage between 81%-88% and epidemiological coverage 77%-89% across years. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Further studies are however required for an in-depth understanding of LF epidemiology and control. [panafrican-med-journal.com]

Pathophysiology The filarial life cycle, like that of all nematodes, consists of 5 developmental (larval) stages in a vertebral host and an arthropod intermediate host and vector. [emedicine.com]

Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed using the key words ‘chylous’, ‘ascites’, ‘cirrhosis’, ‘pathophysiology’, ‘nutritional therapy’, ‘paracentesis”, “transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt” and “TIPSS’. [doi.org]

Supplementary material 13564_2003_14_MOESM4_ESM.mpg (3.4 mb) Additional File 4: Our understanding of the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of hydrocoele (one of the sequelae of lymphatic filariasis where fluid collects in the scrotal sac causing it to [link.springer.com]

Lymphoedema: Pathophysiology and management in resource-poor settings- relevance for lymphatic filariasis control programmes. Filaria Journal. 2003,2:1-10. 5. Taylor MJ, Makunde WH, McGarry HF, et al. [phlebolymphology.org]

Further epidemiological data indicated that preventive chemotherapy was not required in 9 countries. [web.archive.org]

The economic savings associated with this disease prevention was then analysed in the context of prevented medical expenses incurred by LF clinical patients, potential income loss through lost-labour, and prevented costs to the health system to care for [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]