A nineteen year old Kenyan male presented with a twelve month history of rapidly progressing painless swelling of both testicles. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In approximately half of the cases mediastinal mass is present. [apspjcaserep.com]

Waldeyer’s ring is often involved at presentation and should be examined in every patient of testicular lymphoma. Most patients present with localized disease. Fifty to sixty percent present with stage I, 20-30% with stage II and the rest stage III. [allaboutblood.com]

• Hodgkin Lymphoma

  Discussion Testicular lymphoma was first reported by Malassez and Curling in 1866. Primary testicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma accounts for 1–2% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas and 5% of testicular cancers. [omicsonline.org]

  Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of nose Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of oral cavity Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of ovary Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of prostate Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of soft tissue Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of stomach Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of testis Non-Hodgkin's [emedcodes.com]

  2010/76/5/576/69072 Sir, Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the testis is a rare tumor, accounting for less than 1% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas. [ijdvl.com]

  Keywords: Extranodal, non hodgkin lymphoma, testicular How to cite this article: Gupta D, Sharma A, Raina V, Bakhshi S, Mohanti B K. Primary testicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma: A single institution experience from India. [indianjcancer.com]

  Clinical and pathological features of this non-Hodgkin lymphoma are described and discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Lymphadenopathy

  Plain CT scan was done of chest and abdominal to rule out abdominal and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, it was unremarkable. A left orchidectomy was performed 1 month later. [omicsonline.org]

  Intermediate- and high-grade lymphomas: Most patients present with rapidly growing and bulky lymphadenopathy. [patient.info]

  He had no superficial lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. Chest CT scans and abdominal ultrasound did not indicate mediastinal and retroperitoneal enlarged lymph node. Laboratory test results were within normal range. [apspjcaserep.com]

  There was no lymphadenopathy, either. On local examination, his left hemi-scrotum was WNL. His right hemi-scrotum had a large solitary non-tender swelling measuring 10  6  4cm, hard in consistency; his temperature was WNL. [ispub.com]

  Differential diagnosis Florid immunoblastic proliferations of infectious mononucleosis or other viral infections, particularly in children, resemble lymphoma Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome patients with Fas or FasL deficiency may develop giant lymphadenopathy [pathologyoutlines.com]

• Constitutional Symptom

  The overall poor outcome of this disease has been linked to various prognostic factors, including advanced age at presentation, constitutional symptoms, bulky primary tumor, spermatic cord involvement, presence of vascular invasion, and degree of sclerosis [aboutcancer.com]

  symptoms at diagnosis are uncommon, but if they are present, they strongly suggest systemic disease, which is present in 20% to 30% of patients. 7, 9 PTL has marked extranodal tropism, and relapses frequently involve sites including the central nervous [bloodjournal.org]

• Ascites

  In more advanced stages with para-aortic lymph-node involvement, ascites and abdominal pain is evident. [link.springer.com]

  The involvement of retroperitoneal lymph nodes often leads to pain and ascites. In 43% of patients is found hydrocele without evidence of a testicular mass. On clinical examination, TL appears as a firm mass. [wcrj.net]

• Trisomy 21

  Specifically, trisomy 21 is associated with an increased risk. Elevated estrogens in utero. Gonadal dysgenetic lesions. HIV-infected patients. Environmental factors More common in white than black Klinefelter syndrome. 5. Age 1.. [slideshare.net]

• Testicular Mass

  Patients usually presented with a painless small testicular mass of short duration. The peak incidence occurred in the fifth through eighth decades. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Lymphoblastic lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of testicular masses in children. [apspjcaserep.com]

  […] germ cell tumors Most adults & children present with a testicular mass 36. [slideshare.net]

  […] and a normal slightly atrophic right testicle Pitfalls: Inhomgeneous swollen right testis with areas of increased vascularity that biopsy proved to be a chronic inflammation and not malignant Pitfalls: Large testicular mass in an elderly patient that [ultrasoundcases.info]

  Primary testicular lymphoma was defined as the presence of a testicular mass in the absence of lymph node or bone marrow involvement. The search yielded 34 cases, some of which dated back to 1977. [nature.com]

• Testicular Disease

  Testicular Disease : An association between testicular lymphoma and orchitis, testicular trauma and filariasis has been postulated but evidence supporting a role for these diseases in the pathogenesis of testicular lymphomas is lacking. 3. [allaboutblood.com]

  He died of disease after eight months. Conclusion: This study confirms that testicular NK/T-cell lymphoma deserves to be distinguished from the other testicular lymphomas. [latunisiemedicale.com]

  However, testicular lymphoma is predominantly a disease of older men who often have limited ability to tolerate aggressive treatment. [indianjcancer.com]

• Enlarged Testis

  On local examination left scrotum was distended with enlarged testis measuring approximately 7x7 cm with normal overlying skin. Right testis was normal in size. Laboratory investigations revealed a normal hemogram, renal and liver function tests. [edoriumjournalofpathology.com]

  Diagnosis and staging Imaging modalities that may assist in diagnosis include ultrasonography, which demonstrates focal or diffuse areas of hypoechogenicity with hypervascularity in an enlarged testis, 25, 26 and magnetic resonance imaging, which allows [bloodjournal.org]

Review Topic QID: 106375 5 No further workup, instruct patient to return if symptomatic M1 Select Answer to see Preferred Response PREFERRED RESPONSE 2 Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only ARTICLES (4) VIDEOS (1) Topic COMMENTS (12 [medbullets.com]

Figure 2 : Erythematous, indurated plaque with central clearing and 3 proximal papular lesions on the left forearm Click here to view In view of the past history of testicular NHL in the patient, a full lymphoma workup was undertaken. [ijdvl.com]

Testicular Cancer Workup. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/279007-overview. Accessed July 2014. Motzer RJ, Agarwal N, Beard C, et al. Testicular Cancer. [labtestsonline.it]

Even in our series, a full staging workup could not be completed in 50% of patients. [aboutcancer.com]

The clinical features and the results of treatment in 12 cases of malignant lymphoma of a series of 280 consecutive cases of testicular tumor are reported. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The aim of the treatment was to use systemic chemotherapy together with local treatment and CNS prophylaxis. Four patients underwent high inguinal orchidectomy and one patient (patient 2) received radiotherapy as local treatment. [indianjcancer.com]

Over the years, treatment for primary testicular lymphoma has been variable. Treatment using radiation therapy alone provides suboptimal disease control, even for patients with clinically stage I disease. [aboutcancer.com]

Surgery is the standard form of treatment for non metastatic renal cell carcinomas as well as for malignancies of the renal pelvis and ureter, with radical nephrectomy and radical uretectomy being employed. [books.google.com]

Treatments The treatment of testicular cancer usually involves removing the tumor, but more treatment is required to prevent cancer from coming back in the other testicle, central nervous system, and other extranodal sites. [verywell.com]

Prognosis also was related to clinical presentation and initial treatment. All surviving patients underwent orchiectomy and wide-field radiotherapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

On multivariate analysis low/intermediate IPI score, no B symptoms, antharacycline contain therapy and prophylactic scrotal radiation have been associated with favourable prognosis. [allaboutblood.com]

Seminoma late metastasis and excellent prognosis Embryonal worse prognosis than seminoma Choriocarcinoma worst prognosis in contrast to good prognosis in females metastasizes to lungs Please rate topic. [medbullets.com]

Prognosis for most patients with testicular lymphoma is good, especially those diagnosed and treated for early-stage disease. However, later-stage disease is more difficult to treat and prognosis in these cases is considered rather poor. [lymphomainfo.net]

The etiology is unknown but potential lymphomatogenic risk factors include 4 : viral infection, e.g. EBV, HTLV-1, HIV, HCV, HSV bacterial infection, e.g. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] lymphoproliferative disorder Heterogenous neoplasms; diagnosis of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) gives far less information than type of NHL Epidemiology Increasing incidence over past 40 years for unknown reasons 50,000 new cases in U.S. per year, many HIV related Etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Impression of testicular tumor of neoplastic etiology was given. [edoriumjournalofpathology.com]

Lymphoma, leukemia, and melanoma are the most common malignancies that metastasize to the testicle. [2] The exact etiology of testicular cancer is not clearly defined; however, recent data show a dramatically increasing incidence rate in developed countries [emedicine.medscape.com]

(Etiology) The cause of Lymphoma of the Testis is unknown. [dovemed.com]

Early detection is important in the epidemiology of testicular lymphoma. The sonographic appearance is not specific for primary testicular lymphoma [ 6 - 8 ]. [omicsonline.org]

An epidemiologic review of marijuana and cancer: an update. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. 2015. 24(1):15-31. Vitolo, U., Chiappella, A., Ferreri, A. et al. [verywell.com]

Epidemiology 5% of all testicular tumors. It is the most common testicular tumor in men over 50 years. Pathology of Testicular Lymphoma Gross anatomy: diffuse enlarged testicles. Microscopy: all known forms of lymphoma may be possible. [urology-textbook.com]

Basic epidemiological data regarding each case was collected from the request forms. The data was then analysed for the site of involvement, age distribution and histological types of tumours. [jpma.org.pk]

Epidemiology 1. Age : Primary testicular lymphoma is a disease of the elderly with 85% of the patients being older than 60 years. No predisposing factors are known. 2. [allaboutblood.com]

Future Directions New insights into the distinctive pathophysiology of PTL may facilitate novel therapeutic strategies. [bloodjournal.org]

For discussion of individual subtypes of NHL, see the following: Pathophysiology NHLs are tumors originating from lymphoid tissues, mainly of lymph nodes. [emedicine.medscape.com]

To prevent CNS relapses, CNS directed therapies have been utilized and have shown promising results in preventing CNS recurrences. [indianjcancer.com]

Prevention Preventing most cases testicular cancer is not possible, as the causes are largely unknown. Many men who develop testicular cancer do not have any known risk factors. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention. 2015. 24(1):15-31. Vitolo, U., Chiappella, A., Ferreri, A. et al. [verywell.com]

On the other hand, to prevent intraparenchymal failure, more effective CNS prophylaxis, such as low-dose whole-brain irradiation or high-dose methotrexate, must be prospectively explored. [aboutcancer.com]

Stories Finding new ways to treat drug-resistant cancers Read more Funding world-class research Cancer affects all Canadians but together we can reduce the burden by investing in research and prevention efforts. [cancer.ca]