Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed life-threatening cancer in women worldwide. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed breast tumor, found in about 75% of cases and infiltrating lobular, infiltrating medullary, colloid, comedo or papillary carcinomas in the others. Inflammatory carcinomas account for approximately 1% of cases. The first noticeable symptom of breast cancer is usually a lump.
Presentation
More then one type of breast cancer can be present in any one case of breast cancer. [breastnotes.com]
She is at present on regular follow-up after the completion of adjuvant treatment and is disease-free till the date of writing this article. Discussion The second- and higher-order malignancies comprise about 18% of all cancers. [ccij-online.org]
AR can be present independent of ER, with one recent review estimating that AR is expressed in approximately 30% of TNBCs. [sigmaaldrich.com]
At this stage, the cancer cells have usually not spread to more distant sites in the body, but they are present in several axillary (underarm) lymph nodes. [cancercenter.com]
DCIS and LCIS are diseases in which cancerous cells are present within breast tissue, but are not able to spread or invade other tissues. DCIS represents about 20% of all breast cancers. [oncolink.org]
Entire Body System
-
Lymphedema
More common but less serious ones include skin burns, irritation or discoloration, fatigue, and lymphedema. Some types of hormone therapy lower estrogen levels in women, and increase the risk for osteoporosis. [healthline.com]
Lymphedema causes swelling, tightness and sometimes pain in the affected arm. Your provider can refer you to a physical therapist who specializes in working with lymphedema. You should be educated about reducing your risk of developing lymphedema. [oncolink.org]
Adverse effects include fatigue, lymphedema, darkening of the breast skin, and irritation of the breast skin. Chemotherapy A doctor may prescribe cytotoxic drugs may be used to kill cancer cells, if there is a high risk of recurrence or spread. [medicalnewstoday.com]
We evaluate secondary lymphedema that results from anticancer therapy for breast cancer under 13.10E if the lymphedema is treated by surgery to salvage or restore the functioning of an upper extremity. [ssa.gov]
[…] sentinel node biopsy radiation modified radical mastectomy resection of nipple, entire breast, pectoralis minor, and level I-II axillary nodes level III axillary nodes removed if involved complications long thoracic nerve damage results in winged scapula lymphedema [medbullets.com]
-
Axillary Mass
mass Prognostic factors[edit] The stage of the breast cancer is the most important component of traditional classification methods of breast cancer, because it has a greater effect on the prognosis than the other considerations. [en.wikipedia.org]
Respiratoric
-
Pleural Effusion
METHODS: A total of 326 patients with pleural effusion due to TB (n 182) or CA (n 144) were studied. [scielo.br]
Pleural effusion, ascites, pathological fracture, and spinal compression can occur with advanced disease. interventions The treatment of choice is resection of the lump with removal of varying amounts of surrounding healthy tissue, ranging from a margin [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Most of the available breast cancer cell lines issued from metastatic tumors, mainly from pleural effusions. [en.wikipedia.org]
Psychiatrical
-
Grieving
Emotional needs, such as fear over a cancer diagnosis, grieving over loss of a breast, and altered body image must be addressed. Counseling may be needed. Referrals can be made for age-specific recovery support groups. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Breast
-
Nipple Discharge
Women should still be familiar with their normal breast tissue and report any changes in appearance, size, or feel of the tissue or nipples, or any nipple discharge to their health care provider. [oncolink.org]
Another symptom is bloody nipple discharge if the tumor is positioned beneath the nipple, which is the case in 50 percent of papillary carcinomas. [breasthealthandhealing.org]
[…] zazy OH Joined: Nov 2009 Posts: 14 Latest activity: Jan 1, 2010 Log in to post a reply Jan 1, 2010 12:41PM zazy wrote: Just had a duct excision for spontaneous nipple discharge. [community.breastcancer.org]
However, as the cancer develops, symptoms may include: A lump or thickening in or near the breast or underarm Pain or tenderness in the breast or nipple Clear or bloody nipple discharge Change in the breast or nipple such as color, shape or size Swelling [radiologyinfo.org]
(The patient experiencing nipple discharge also can have a sample taken of the discharge for cytological evaluation.) [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
-
Breast Mass
Signs and symptoms Characteristics Benign Malignant Breast mass – a dominant mass is a distinct mass that is asymmetric with the other breast. Benign findings are often associated with cysts, fibroadenomas, or fibrocystic changes. [pathophys.org]
Physical examination Common symptoms include breast mass, change in breast size or shape, skin dimpling, recent nipple inversion, discharge, and/or axillary lumps. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
At stage 0, the breast mass is noninvasive. At this stage, there is no indication that the tumor cells have spread to other parts of the breast or other parts of the body. [cancercenter.com]
The second patient presented with a breast mass as well as multiple liver lesions. The breast mass was initially misdiagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma. [nature.com]
The radiologist’s impression is right breast mass, BI-RADS 4, biopsy recommended. N63 Unspecified lump in breast Scenario #3: Diagnostic mammogram of the left breast is ordered 2 years status post mastectomy for infiltrating ductal carcinoma. [rccb.org]
-
Mastodynia
Common examples include: N63 – Unspecified lump in breast N64.52 – Nipple discharge N64.4 - Mastodynia R92.0 – Mammographic microcalcification found on diagnostic imaging of breast R92.1 – Mammographic calcification found on diagnostic imaging of breast [rccb.org]
[…] nipple changing position or shape or becoming inverted, skin puckering or dimpling, a rash on or around a nipple, discharge from nipple/s, constant pain in part of the breast or armpit and swelling beneath the armpit or around the collarbone.[20] Pain ("mastodynia [en.wikipedia.org]
Workup
She was diagnosed as AML - M2 in the year 2007 after a complete workup. She was treated with the standard induction chemotherapy regimen of 3 7 daunomycin and cytarabine. [ccij-online.org]
Immunohistochemical studies are often employed in the workup of spindle cell lesions of breast, especially in the group with a monophasic pattern. The most important task is to exclude the potential diagnosis of metaplastic CA. [sigmaaldrich.com]
Patients require a systemic workup to evaluate for metastases to other organ systems, and a multidisciplinary team including oncology, radiation oncology, and ophthalmology are necessary. [eyewiki.aao.org]
(See Workup.) Increased public awareness and improved screening have led to earlier diagnosis, at stages amenable to complete surgical resection and curative therapies. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Pleura
-
Pleural Effusion
METHODS: A total of 326 patients with pleural effusion due to TB (n 182) or CA (n 144) were studied. [scielo.br]
Pleural effusion, ascites, pathological fracture, and spinal compression can occur with advanced disease. interventions The treatment of choice is resection of the lump with removal of varying amounts of surrounding healthy tissue, ranging from a margin [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]
Most of the available breast cancer cell lines issued from metastatic tumors, mainly from pleural effusions. [en.wikipedia.org]
Treatment
Radiation treatments used to last for several weeks, but advances in radiation treatments has lead to very targeted treatments that may only take one week. [knowcancer.com]
Often different types of treatment are used together to achieve the best result. [hopkinsmedicine.org]
Treatment-related leukemia typically occurs in the first 10 years after treatment after which risk tapers a little. [ccij-online.org]
Talk to your doctor to determine the best course of treatment for your situation. [webmd.com]
Prognosis
Prognosis The prognosis for people with breast tumors depends largely on the size, type and staging of the tumor. When detected early enough, the prognosis for people with breast tumors is generally very good. [knowcancer.com]
These differences often affect prognosis. Tumor characteristics, such as hormone receptor status and HER2 status, also affect prognosis. Learn more about factors that affect prognosis. [ww5.komen.org]
For example, Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS) involving the entire breast will still be stage zero and consequently an excellent prognosis with a 10-year disease free survival of about 98%.[145] Stage 1 cancers (and DCIS, LCIS) have an excellent prognosis [en.wikipedia.org]
In general, pathological staging provides the most information to determine a patient’s prognosis. [cancer.net]
Compared to more common types of breast cancers, papillary breast cancers are less likely to involve the lymph nodes, are more responsive to treatment, and may have a better prognosis than more common types of invasive ductal cancer. [hopkinsmedicine.org]
Etiology
The detection of high-oncogenic HPV genotypes in patients with breast cancer supports the hypothesis of an etiologic role for the virus in breast cancer development. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
[…] factor: Treatment-related, syndromic, and due to shared etiologic influences. [8] Although a causal link has not been proven, these neoplasms are thought to be a direct consequence of mutational events caused by cytotoxic therapy. [ccij-online.org]
Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10coded.com]
ICD-10-CM Codes › C00-D49 Neoplasms › C50-C50 Malignant neoplasms of breast › Use Additional Use Additional Help Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10data.com]
The etiology of MPMTs remains unclear. [journals.plos.org]
Epidemiology
The explanation for these epidemiologic findings is not known, but the parallelism between the DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma model and the human situation is striking. ... [en.wikipedia.org]
Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER). Cancer Stat Facts: Female Breast Cancer. National Cancer Institute. Available at . Accessed: January 17, 2019. Jatoi I, Anderson WF, Rosenberg PS. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Introduction Epidemiology breast cancer is the most common cancer and second most common cause of death in adult women Risk factors BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations associated with multiple / early onset breast and ovarian cancer other genetic relationships [medbullets.com]
An analysis of Surverllance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program Data. Cancer 68: 2069–2073. pmid:1913556 View Article PubMed/NCBI Google Scholar 15. [journals.plos.org]
The predominance of females among patients with cancer observed in the present study is in contrast to international epidemiological data. [scielo.br]
Pathophysiology
Breast Cancer Pathophysiology Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. Like other cancers, there are several factors that can raise the risk of getting breast cancer. [news-medical.net]
Types of invasive breast carcinoma include ductal, lobular, and mixed. [5] Pathophysiology To date, the basis for breast carcinoma as the most common primary metastatic process to the orbit is unclear. [eyewiki.aao.org]
[…] the risk of breast cancer.[73] Autoimmune diseases such as lupus erythematosus seem also to increase the risk for the acquisition of breast cancer.[74] Hormone therapy to treat menopause is also associated with an increase risk of breast cancer.[75] Pathophysiology [en.wikipedia.org]
Pathophysiology The current understanding of breast cancer etiopathogenesis is that invasive cancers arise through a series of molecular alterations at the cell level. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prevention
Related information Information for Health Professionals – Recommendations on Prevention and Screening for Breast Cancer Cancer Prevention Series 4 – Breast Cancer Prevention and Screening For further information about women's health, please visit the [chp.gov.hk]
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 11 September 2018. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2015. "Screening for Breast Cancer". US Preventative Services Task Force. December 2009. [en.wikipedia.org]
Unfortunately, cost sometimes prevents women from choosing breast-conserving surgery. [stopcancerfund.org]
Preventive surgery is an option for women at high risk. [medicalnewstoday.com]
Papillary Breast Cancer Treatment Local therapy is aimed at preventing the cancer from coming back in the breast. Local therapy includes surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy), and may include radiation. [hopkinsmedicine.org]