Pathology of Liver Diseases is a rapid reference consultation tool that uses both book and online material to present a whole range of liver disorders. [books.google.com]

HCC presents a variable appearance at CT and MRI. [scielo.br]

This process is one in which all normal constituents of the liver are present, but the pattern by which they are presented is abnormal. Even though those conditions exist the liver still seems to perform in the normal range. [en.wikipedia.org]

There are three common presentations. Patients may present with a liver mass found incidentally during investigation for unrelated symptoms or conditions. The most common focal mass in the liver is a hemangioma. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

• Splenomegaly

  […] may be primary or metastatic. patients will present with hepatomegaly. also associated with splenomegaly or lymphadenopathy. hodgkins, non-hodgkins, and AIDs type of lymphoma that is most often diffuse involvement of the liver. may also see multiple hypoechoic [quizlet.com]

  Metastatic work-up for tumors within Milan criteria (single lesion If portal hypertension is obvious based on imaging demonstrating clear varices, splenomegaly, or ascites, then cirrhosis can be assumed. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Splenomegaly, spider angioma, superficial venous collaterals and jaundice were not detected. [kjim.org]

  Symptoms of liver decompensation can include fluid buildup in the abdomen (ascites), an abnormally enlarged spleen (splenomegaly), high pressure in the main vein that supplies the liver (portal hypertension), yellowing of the skin, eyes and mucous membranes [rarediseases.org]

  […] cirrhosis. 62–64 HVPG values of ≥10 mm Hg represent clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH). 62 Additionally, CSPH can also be confirmed by surrogate markers including gastro-oesophageal varices and platelet count below 100×10 9 /L associated with splenomegaly [esmoopen.bmj.com]

• Pathologist

  Pathology of Liver Diseases provides gastroenterologists and pathologists with a multi-media, well-illustrated, and concise guide to the pathology and clinical diagnoses of liver disorders. [books.google.com]

  Then the biopsy is analyzed under a microscope by a pathologist, a doctor specializing in laboratory science. Definition of Benign Tumors: Noncancerous If the cells are not cancerous, the tumor is benign. [verywellhealth.com]

  This scenario can be major clinical challenge both for the simple pathologist and for surgical pathology by the most highly specialized pathologists. [scielo.org.co]

  This outpatient procedure allows the liver pathologist t o determine the tissue diagnosis or if cancer cells are present. [upmc.com]

• Fatigue

  Side effects of sorafenib (Nexavar) include fatigue, rash, high blood pressure, sores on the hands and feet, and loss of appetite. [medicinenet.com]

  Patients may experience nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Chemotherapy: Medications are injected into the liver to kill cancer cells. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  When signs and symptoms do appear, they may include: Losing weight without trying Loss of appetite Upper abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting General weakness and fatigue Abdominal swelling Yellow discoloration of your skin and the whites of your eyes [mayoclinic.org]

  […] appear in a patient with liver cancer are a loss of appetite, weight loss, right upper quadrant abdominal pain (which may extend into the back and right shoulder blade), bleeding or bruising that occurs easily, nausea and vomiting, general weakness and fatigue [fortherecordmag.com]

  The side effects of a hepatectomy may include pain, weakness, fatigue, and temporary liver failure. The health care team will watch for signs of bleeding, infection, liver failure, or other problems that need immediate treatment. [cancer.net]

• Anorexia

  Patients not known to have liver disease who develop a primary liver cancer may present with ascites, jaundice, or cancer symptoms, such as anorexia, weight loss, and weakness. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

  Results Common complaints of patients with hepatic masses were abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss and abdominal mass. Patients' age ranged from 1 to 80 years. There were 92 males (61.33%) and 58 females (38.66%). [ccij-online.org]

  Symptoms can include: Pain over the liver, sometimes radiating to the right shoulder from stretching of the hepatic capsule Palpable abdominal mass Jaundice from compression of the biliary tree Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia from compression of the stomach [clinicaladvisor.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  Symptoms of benign liver masses Hemangiomas Pain often occurs in lesions greater than 5 to 6 centimeters in size Hepatic adenomas Many people experience no symptoms Can be associated with birth control use Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) Abdominal pain [upmc.com]

  They may be discovered on medical imaging (even for a different reason than the cancer itself), or may be present in patients as an abdominal mass, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, jaundice, or some other liver dysfunction. [en.wikipedia.org]

  May present with pain in the right upper quadrant or the epigastric region. A palpable mass may be noticed by the patient. May present with severe, acute abdominal pain with bleeding into the abdomen, leading to shock. [patient.info]

  They often do not have abdominal pain. Amebic abscess has a more indolent presentation, with fever and right upper quadrant pain, in a person who has travelled to an endemic area. [clinicaladvisor.com]

• Nausea

  Complications of chemotherapy include fatigue, easy bruising, hair loss, nausea and vomiting, swollen legs, diarrhea, and mouth sores. These side effects are usually temporary. [medicinenet.com]

  Patients may experience nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. Chemotherapy: Medications are injected into the liver to kill cancer cells. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  The patient presented the following health conditions: Liver Disorder Rash Hepatic Neoplasm Malignant Nausea. Urso 250 dosage: Since Before Administration. [patientsville.com]

  When signs and symptoms do appear, they may include: Losing weight without trying Loss of appetite Upper abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting General weakness and fatigue Abdominal swelling Yellow discoloration of your skin and the whites of your eyes [mayoclinic.org]

  Symptoms may include: Abdominal pain Weight loss Nausea Vomiting Large mass can be felt in upper, right part of abdomen Fever Jaundice. Yellowing of the skin and eyes. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

• Abdominal Mass

  They may be discovered on medical imaging (even for a different reason than the cancer itself), or may be present in patients as an abdominal mass, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, jaundice, or some other liver dysfunction. [en.wikipedia.org]

  A palpable mass may be noticed by the patient. May present with severe, acute abdominal pain with bleeding into the abdomen, leading to shock. Other rare presentations include obstructive jaundice. [patient.info]

  Imaging approach Ultrasound examination is the principal screening modality for identification of a suspected intra-abdominal mass in a child. [cancerimagingjournal.biomedcentral.com]

• Loss of Appetite

  They can include: unintentional weight loss loss of appetite feeling very full after eating, even if the meal was small feeling sick and vomiting pain or swelling in your abdomen (tummy) jaundice (yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes) itchy [nhs.uk]

  Side effects of sorafenib (Nexavar) include fatigue, rash, high blood pressure, sores on the hands and feet, and loss of appetite. [medicinenet.com]

  Symptoms that may become apparent include: A bloated or swollen abdomen A lump or a heavy feeling in the upper abdomen Loss of appetite and feelings of fullness Weight loss Feeling weak or very tired Yellow skin and eyes, pale stools, and dark urine from [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  When signs and symptoms do appear, they may include: Losing weight without trying Loss of appetite Upper abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting General weakness and fatigue Abdominal swelling Yellow discoloration of your skin and the whites of your eyes [mayoclinic.org]

• Right Upper Quadrant Pain

  Right upper quadrant pain or fullness is the most common symptom. Examination is usually normal but there may be hepatomegaly and/or an arterial bruit over the right upper quadrant. [patient.info]

  If the patient presents with sudden onset of severe right upper quadrant pain or sudden hypotension, then lesional bleeding and or rupture should be considered. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Adenomas may rupture and bleed, causing right upper quadrant pain. The two most common liver lesions causing hepatic hemorrhage are HA and HCC. [radiologyassistant.nl]

  There may be symptoms of right upper quadrant pain. No specific treatment is required and the main purpose of management is to distinguish the lesion from neoplasms. [surgwiki.com]

• Yellow Discoloration of the Skin

  When signs and symptoms do appear, they may include: Losing weight without trying Loss of appetite Upper abdominal pain Nausea and vomiting General weakness and fatigue Abdominal swelling Yellow discoloration of your skin and the whites of your eyes [mayoclinic.org]

Workup[edit] Upon discovery of a liver tumor, the main issue in the workup is to determine whether the tumor is benign or malignant. Many imaging modalities are used to aid in the diagnosis of malignant liver tumors. [en.wikipedia.org]

A careful review of clinical workup and presentation is required to form a clinically relevant differential diagnosis in this setting. [ijpmonline.org]

Patients During the 22-month period from January 1998 through October 1999, 60 consecutive patients who were referred to our department for preoperative workup of malignant hepatic tumors suspected on previously performed sonography or CT underwent gadolinium-enhanced [ajronline.org]

The lack of canalicular staining for p-CEA or CD10 does not necessarily exclude a poorly differentiated HCC; it actually implicates additional immunostaining workup and correlation with clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings. [journals.sagepub.com]

• Hypoglycemia

  Hepatectomy with living related liver transplantation was life-saving procedure and made it possible to eliminate hypoglycemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  References:[3][4] Diagnostics Laboratory tests ↑ Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) Laboratory studies consistent with hepatitis and cirrhosis (e.g., ↑ LFTs, positive hepatitis serologies, ↓ coagulation factors) Paraneoplastic syndromes: erythrocytosis, hypoglycemia [amboss.com]

  Occasionally, systemic metabolic complications, including hypoglycemia, erythrocytosis, hypercalcemia, and hyperlipidemia, occur. These complications may manifest clinically. [merckmanuals.com]

• Aspartate Aminotransferase Increased

  The patient developed the following symptoms/conditions: aspartate aminotransferase increased, musculoskeletal pain ,decreased appetite,prophylaxis,abdominal pain upper,hepatitis and was treated with Ursodeoxycholic Acid (dosage: 10 Mg, 3x/day) starting [patientsville.com]

• Liver Biopsy

  or a liver biopsy. [fortherecordmag.com]

  Biopsy If the diagnosis is not clear, then often a liver biopsy is done to examine a sliver of the liver mass under the microscope. [upmc.com]

  Treatment Hepatocellular carcinoma Summary Epidemiology Etiology Clinical features Diagnostics Laboratory tests Imaging Liver biopsy Differential diagnoses Malignant liver tumors Benign liver tumors Treatment [amboss.com]

  Imp) Suggestive of HCC, r/o Cholangiocarcinoma or Metastasis --> Liver biopsy : clear cell renal cell carcinoma, metastatic ▶ 폐암의 다발성 간전이 병력 : 만성B형간염과 신증후군으로 지속 통원 중, 전반적인 쇠약감으로 응급실로 내원. [m.blog.naver.com]

Doctors want to learn whether the new treatment is safe, effective, and possibly better than the standard treatment. Clinical trials can test a new drug, a new combination of standard treatments, or new doses of standard drugs or other treatments. [cancer.net]

When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment. Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. [cancer.gov]

What is the medical treatment for liver cancer? The medical treatment chosen depends upon how much the cancer has spread and the general health of the liver. [medicinenet.com]

Adequate assessment of liver function and stage of cirrhosis prior to treatment initiation and close monitoring during anticancer treatment are inevitable. [esmoopen.bmj.com]

Treatment for liver cancer The most common treatments for primary liver cancer are tumour ablation and chemotherapy delivered directly into the cancer. [cancer.org.au]

Patients with compensated liver cirrhosis, whose prognosis is mostly determined by the cancer, should be considered for antitumour treatment. [esmoopen.bmj.com]

Prognosis of liver cancer Prognosis means the expected outcome of a disease. An individual's prognosis depends on the type and stage of cancer, as well as their age and general health at the time of diagnosis. [cancer.org.au]

The TNM system may predict prognosis better than other systems for patients who are having tumor resection (and possibly transplantation ), whereas the Barcelona system may predict prognosis better for patients who are not having surgery(for more information [merckmanuals.com]

(ACS, Cancer Facts & Figures 2012) Prognosis The prognosis of patients is clearly related to the depth of tumour invasion in the intestinal wall, the number of regional lymph nodes involved, and the presence or absence of distant metastases, as defined [bead.btg-im.com]

The specification of these data is important for staging liver tumors and prognosis.[citation needed] Tumor characterization is a complex process based on a sum of criteria leading towards tumor nature definition. [en.wikipedia.org]

Treatment Hepatocellular carcinoma Summary Epidemiology Etiology Clinical features Diagnostics Laboratory tests Imaging Liver biopsy Differential diagnoses Malignant liver tumors Benign liver tumors Treatment [amboss.com]

The book emphasizes not only the pathology seen in biopsy and surgical material, but also the most pertinent clinical and laboratory findings including epidemiology, etiologic and pathophysiologic concepts, and the differential diagnoses. [books.google.com]

It is associated with inflammatory disorders and malformations of the ducts, but most cases are of unknown etiology. [nature.com]

This is especially true for patients with cirrhosis of any etiology. [scielo.org.co]

Epidemiology Fifth most common malignancy worldwide Highest incidence in Southeast Asia and Africa Peak incidence in the US: 70–75 years ♂ > ♀ References:[1] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

The book emphasizes not only the pathology seen in biopsy and surgical material, but also the most pertinent clinical and laboratory findings including epidemiology, etiologic and pathophysiologic concepts, and the differential diagnoses. [books.google.com]

Colorectal Cancer Epidemiology: Incidence, Mortality, Survival, and Risk Factors. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2009 November; 22(4): 191–197. [bead.btg-im.com]

Systematic review: The association between obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma—epidemiologic evidence. [cancercarewny.com]

"The epidemiology of hepatoblastoma". Pediatric Blood & Cancer. 59 (5): 776–9. doi:10.1002/pbc.24215. PMID 22692949. ^ a b Emre, S; McKenna, GJ (December 2004). "Liver tumors in children". [en.wikipedia.org]

The book emphasizes not only the pathology seen in biopsy and surgical material, but also the most pertinent clinical and laboratory findings including epidemiology, etiologic and pathophysiologic concepts, and the differential diagnoses. [books.google.com]

Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiologic Approach (5th Ed). DiPiro JT, Talbert RL, Yee GC et al (Eds). McGraw-Hill: New York, 2002, pg. 273-303. [nlm.nih.gov]

In collaboration with clinical centers, we investigate how the knowledge gained from our fundamental studies can be translated in the understanding of the pathophysiology of human biliary diseases, including cholangiocarcinoma. [deduveinstitute.be]

Prevention[edit] Prevention of cancers can be separated into primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention preemptively reduces exposure to a risk factor for liver cancer. [en.wikipedia.org]

Abuse and Neglect in Healthcare 2.00 ADD COURSE Preventing Allergic Reactions to Natural Rubber Latex in the Workplace 2.00 ADD COURSE Preventing Needlestick Injuries in Health Care Settings 2.00 ADD COURSE Prevention of Hepatitis A Through Active or [ceuprofessoronline.com]

Hepatitis vaccination recommended in childhood fpr preventing HBV infection, cirrhosis, HCC, liver failure, and death. [medbullets.com]

Take measures to prevent hepatitis C No vaccine for hepatitis C exists, but you can reduce your risk of infection. Know the health status of any sexual partner. [mayoclinic.org]

There is no way to completely prevent liver cancer. However, the following measures may help to reduce the risk: Reducing or eliminating alcohol intake lessens the likelihood of liver cancer. [medicalnewstoday.com]