Presentation of lung cancer in primary care. npj Prim. Care Respir. [nature.com]

Read more » DOH presents new cigarette graphic warnings Mark Demayo, ABS-CBN News Posted at Mar 06 07:16 PM Health Secretary Francisco Duque III presents the new graphic health warnings mandated to be printed on cigarette packs beginning March 3, 2018 [news.abs-cbn.com]

The algorithms presented in this paper will be released as Open Source Software under the GNU lesser GPL v3. [bjgp.org]

Squamous cell carcinomas often present with hemoptysis within 4 to 6 months of symptom onset, due to mucosal irritation and ulceration. [pulmonologyadvisor.com]

Treatment decisions in lung cancer depend first on whether SCLC or non-small cell lung cancer is present. Treatment also depends on tumor stage. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Pain

  Early Symptoms Coughing, especially if it persists or becomes intense Pain in the chest, shoulder, or back unrelated to pain from coughing A change in color or volume of sputum, saliva and mucus that is coughed up from the respiratory tract Shortness [iaslc.org]

  Pain. Advanced lung cancer that spreads to the lining of a lung or to another area of the body, such as a bone, can cause pain. Tell your doctor if you experience pain, as many treatments are available to control pain. [mayoclinic.org]

  Common NSCLC symptoms include: Persistent coughing, particularly without any known cause A cough that produces blood or red-colored phlegm (hemoptysis) Chest pain or painful breathing Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Fatigue or feeling unusually [cancercenter.com]

  The pain did not subside and when he visited his GP for “excruciating” shoulder pain, he was referred to community physiotherapy. [pharmacymagazine.co.uk]

  about 25 per cent of people with lung cancer experience back pain. [dailymail.co.uk]

• Weight Loss

  […] that may include: Abdominal pain Abdominal swelling Unexplained weight loss Doctors use a physical exam, imaging tests, blood and biomarker tests and biopsies to diagnose mesothelioma. [iaslc.org]

  […] appetite, or weight loss, which might indicate lung cancer. [bjgp.org]

  Lung cancer symptoms Symptoms of lung cancer can include a cough that won't go away, coughing up blood, breathlessness and weight loss. Find out more about these and other symptoms. [cancerresearchuk.org]

  There are usually no signs or symptoms in the early stages of lung cancer, but many people with the condition eventually develop symptoms including: a persistent cough coughing up blood persistent breathlessness unexplained tiredness and weight loss an [nhs.uk]

  Examples of these symptoms include: appetite loss changes to a person's voice, such as hoarseness frequent chest infections, such as bronchitis or pneumonia lingering cough that may start to get worse shortness of breath unexplained headaches weight loss [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Fatigue

  Like many other types of cancer, lung cancer may also cause systemic symptoms, like loss of appetite or general fatigue. [cancercenter.com]

  Even when symptoms—such as coughing and fatigue—do occur, people think they are due to other causes. For this reason, early-stage lung cancer (stages I and II) is difficult to detect. [lungcancer.org]

  […] breathlessness and wheezing coughing up blood-stained phlegm (sputum) chest or shoulder pain a hoarse voice a dull ache or a sharp pain when you cough or take a deep breath loss of appetite and loss of weight difficulty swallowing feeling extremely tired (fatigue [christie.nhs.uk]

  Hoarseness Blood in phlegm or sputum that is expelled by coughing Weakness Wheezing Infections that return or will not clear Chest pain that gets worse with cough or laugh Advanced lung cancer symptoms include coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  This fatigue gradually increases as treatment continues and may become severe, seriously limiting the ability to engage in normal daily activities. Typically, fatigue lessens one to two months after radiotherapy is completed. [radiologyinfo.org]

• Weakness

  Symptoms of paraneoplastic syndromes include muscle cramps, muscle weakness, elevation of calcium in the blood and clubbing, which refers to a change in the shape of the finger tips. [cancercenter.com]

  In this syndrome, muscles around the hips become weak.” [express.co.uk]

  Signs and symptoms that might appear if the cancer has spread to other places include bone pain, headache, muscle weakness and/or eyelid drooping. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Early symptoms may include: lingering or worsening cough coughing up phlegm or blood chest pain that worsens when you breathe deeply, laugh, or cough hoarseness shortness of breath wheezing weakness and fatigue loss of appetite and weight loss You might [healthline.com]

  Symptoms that suggest the presence of metastatic disease include weight loss, bone pain and neurological symptoms (headaches, fainting, convulsions, or limb weakness). [oncologica.com]

• Fever

  Endobronchial obstruction from any of the primary or metastatic tumors may present with symptoms of pneumonia, including fever, sweats, and/or pleurisy. [pulmonologyadvisor.com]

  Less common symptoms of lung cancer include: changes in the appearance of your fingers, such as becoming more curved or their ends becoming larger (this is known as finger clubbing) a high temperature (fever) of 38C (100.4F) or above difficulty swallowing [nidirect.gov.uk]

  Many of the symptoms of lung cancer (poor appetite, weight loss, fever, fatigue) are not specific. In many people, the cancer has already spread beyond the original site by the time they have symptoms and seek medical attention. [oncologica.com]

  Tell your care team or GP as soon as possible if you have possible signs of an infection, such as a high temperature (fever) of 38C (100.4F) or more, or you suddenly feel generally unwell. [nhsinform.scot]

  It causes coughing and shortness of breath as well as fever but in most cases calls for no specific treatment and gets better within two to four weeks. [radiologyinfo.org]

• Cough

  Early Symptoms Coughing, especially if it persists or becomes intense Pain in the chest, shoulder, or back unrelated to pain from coughing A change in color or volume of sputum, saliva and mucus that is coughed up from the respiratory tract Shortness [iaslc.org]

  […] ache or pain when breathing or coughing You should see a GP if you have these symptoms. [nhs.uk]

  When lung cancer does cause signs in its early stages, they may vary from person to person but commonly include: A new cough that is persistent or worsens, or a change in an existing chronic cough Cough that produces blood Pain in the chest, back or shoulders [cancercenter.com]

  These include: A cough that doesn’t go away after 2 or 3 weeks A long-standing cough that gets worse Chest infections that keep coming back Coughing up blood An ache or pain when breathing or coughing Persistent breathlessness Persistent tiredness or [express.co.uk]

  Symptoms of primary lung cancers include cough, coughing up blood, chest pain, and shortness of breath. A new cough in a smoker or a former smoker should raise concern for lung cancer. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Pleural Effusion

  Fluid in the chest (pleural effusion). Lung cancer can cause fluid to accumulate in the space that surrounds the affected lung in the chest cavity (pleural space). Fluid accumulating in the chest can cause shortness of breath. [mayoclinic.org]

  Pneumonia, pleural effusion, wheeze, lymphadenopathy are not uncommon. Other symptoms may be secondary to metastases (bone, contralateral lung, brain, adrenal glands, and liver, in frequency order for NSCLC 12 ) or paraneoplastic syndromes. [radiopaedia.org]

  Pleurodesis obliterates the pleural space to prevent recurrent effusion. [guidelinesinpractice.co.uk]

  Shortness of breath usually results from a blockage to the flow of air in part of the lung, collection of fluid around the lung ( pleural effusion ), or the spread of tumor throughout the lungs. [emedicinehealth.com]

  Fluid which may accumulate between the lung and chest wall (pleural effusion). This can cause worsening shortness of breath. [patient.info]

• Hemoptysis

  Squamous cell carcinomas often present with hemoptysis within 4 to 6 months of symptom onset, due to mucosal irritation and ulceration. [pulmonologyadvisor.com]

  Common NSCLC symptoms include: Persistent coughing, particularly without any known cause A cough that produces blood or red-colored phlegm (hemoptysis) Chest pain or painful breathing Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Fatigue or feeling unusually [cancercenter.com]

  Unless severe hemoptysis is occurring, a chest X-ray will most likely be performed first to look for a cause of the respiratory symptoms. The X-ray may or may not show an abnormality. [emedicinehealth.com]

  Lung cancer can cause bleeding in the airway, which can cause you to cough up blood (hemoptysis). Sometimes bleeding can become severe. Treatments are available to control bleeding. Pain. [mayoclinic.org]

• Chronic Cough

  When lung cancer does cause signs in its early stages, they may vary from person to person but commonly include: A new cough that is persistent or worsens, or a change in an existing chronic cough Cough that produces blood Pain in the chest, back or shoulders [cancercenter.com]

  Some of the symptoms of less advanced cancer include chronic cough, coughing up blood, chest pain, hoarseness, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest pain, weight loss, and loss of appetite.[14] A few more symptoms associated with the early progression [en.wikipedia.org]

  Further, lung cancer often emerges on a background of chronic respiratory disease and symptoms of chronic cough—typically in patients who smoke. [nature.com]

• Dyspnea

  Symptoms are nonspecific and may include cough, hemoptysis, fever/pneumonia, pain, or dyspnea, wheezing, depending on the intrathoracic location of the disease. [pulmonologyadvisor.com]

  Common symptoms include cough, dyspnea, weight loss, and debility. Over 70% of patients with small-cell carcinoma present with metastatic disease; common sites include liver, adrenals, bone, and brain. [en.wikipedia.org]

• Loss of Appetite

  Like many other types of cancer, lung cancer may also cause systemic symptoms, like loss of appetite or general fatigue. [cancercenter.com]

  appetite, or weight loss, which might indicate lung cancer. [bjgp.org]

  However, signs can include: Persistent cough Coughing up mucus or blood Shortness of breath Loss of appetite Chest pain. When to come to us? There are a number of initial tests needed to diagnose lung cancer. [theloc.com]

  […] of appetite or unexplained weight loss If you experience any of these, you should see your GP. [express.co.uk]

  […] of appetite and loss of weight difficulty swallowing feeling extremely tired (fatigue) and lethargy the ends of the fingers becoming larger or looking more rounded (clubbing) swelling of the lymph nodes (glands) in the neck area. [christie.nhs.uk]

• Dysphagia

  […] sitting down can be a sign of SCLC (Image: GETTY) Less common symptoms of lung cancer include: Changes in the appearance of your fingers, such as becoming more curved or their ends becoming larger (this is known as finger clubbing) Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia [express.co.uk]

  Esophageal Cancer causes signs and symptoms that may include: Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) Unexplained weight loss Chest pain or pressure Indigestion or heart burn Coughing or hoarseness Esophageal Cancer is classified according to the type of cells [iaslc.org]

  Side effects Side effects of radiotherapy to the chest include: chest pain fatigue persistent cough that may bring up blood-stained phlegm (this is normal and nothing to worry about) difficulties swallowing (dysphagia) redness and soreness of the skin [nhsinform.scot]

• Chest Pain

  Pleural mesothelioma causes signs and symptoms that may include: Chest pain under the rib cage Painful coughing Shortness of breath Unusual lumps of tissue under the skin on your chest Unexplained weight loss Peritoneal mesothelioma causes signs and symptoms [iaslc.org]

  […] coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue and/or unintentional weight loss. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Common NSCLC symptoms include: Persistent coughing, particularly without any known cause A cough that produces blood or red-colored phlegm (hemoptysis) Chest pain or painful breathing Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Fatigue or feeling unusually [cancercenter.com]

  However, signs can include: Persistent cough Coughing up mucus or blood Shortness of breath Loss of appetite Chest pain. When to come to us? There are a number of initial tests needed to diagnose lung cancer. [theloc.com]

  Chest pain is a symptom in about one-fourth of people with lung cancer. The pain is dull, aching, and persistent. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Bone Pain

  If the cancer has spread to the bones, it may cause bone pain, often in the vertebrae or ribs. Other symptoms include fractures, constipation or decreased alertness due to high calcium levels. [cancercenter.com]

  Signs and symptoms that might appear if the cancer has spread to other places include bone pain, headache, muscle weakness and/or eyelid drooping. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

  Pain. Advanced lung cancer that spreads to the lining of a lung or to another area of the body, such as a bone, can cause pain. Tell your doctor if you experience pain, as many treatments are available to control pain. [mayoclinic.org]

  These include severe chest or bone pain or coughing up blood. [medicalnewstoday.com]

• Atelectasis

  This may reveal an obvious mass, widening of the mediastinum (suggestive of spread to lymph nodes there), atelectasis (collapse), consolidation (pneumonia) or pleural effusion. [oncologica.com]

• Thrombocytosis

  3000, Australia Correspondence to: R D Neal R.D.Neal{at}leeds.ac.uk What you need to know Most lung cancers present with non-specific symptoms; haemoptysis is a feature in only 20% Consider a chest x ray for patients who have persistent symptoms or thrombocytosis [bmj.com]

  Clinical relevance of thrombocytosis in primary care: a prospective cohort study of cancer incidence using English electronic medical records and cancer registry data. Br J Gen Pract 2017; 67 (659): e405–e413. Crosbie P, Balata H, Evison M et al. [guidelinesinpractice.co.uk]

• Pleural Effusion

  Fluid in the chest (pleural effusion). Lung cancer can cause fluid to accumulate in the space that surrounds the affected lung in the chest cavity (pleural space). Fluid accumulating in the chest can cause shortness of breath. [mayoclinic.org]

  Pneumonia, pleural effusion, wheeze, lymphadenopathy are not uncommon. Other symptoms may be secondary to metastases (bone, contralateral lung, brain, adrenal glands, and liver, in frequency order for NSCLC 12 ) or paraneoplastic syndromes. [radiopaedia.org]

  Pleurodesis obliterates the pleural space to prevent recurrent effusion. [guidelinesinpractice.co.uk]

  Shortness of breath usually results from a blockage to the flow of air in part of the lung, collection of fluid around the lung ( pleural effusion ), or the spread of tumor throughout the lungs. [emedicinehealth.com]

  Fluid which may accumulate between the lung and chest wall (pleural effusion). This can cause worsening shortness of breath. [patient.info]

Targeted therapy Targeted therapy drugs may be used alone or in combination with other targeted therapy drugs or treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiation or interventional pulmonology. Learn more about treatments for lung cancer [cancercenter.com]

Doctor’s Response More than half of lung cancer patients will die within one year of diagnosis even with treatment. Without treatment, patients may die even sooner. For any hope of survival, medical or surgical treatment is necessary. [emedicinehealth.com]

Doctors may also use these scans to track the progress of treatment or to ensure cancer has not returned, following a course of treatment. Share on Pinterest Imaging can help display a lung tumor or track the progress of treatment. [medicalnewstoday.com]

Treatment and prognosis vary not only with stage but also with cell type. [radiopaedia.org]

Stages and Outlook (Prognosis) After a cancer diagnosis, staging provides important information about the extent of cancer in the body and anticipated response to treatment. [cancer.org]

What is the prognosis for lung cancer without treatment? Doctor’s Response More than half of lung cancer patients will die within one year of diagnosis even with treatment. Without treatment, patients may die even sooner. [emedicinehealth.com]

Learn More About Treatment for Asbestos-Related Lung Cancer Prognosis and Survival Rates The prognosis for lung cancer depends on the type and subtype of the disease. [asbestos.com]

The prognosis and outlook for lung cancer depend upon the cancer type and the spread. People should talk to their doctor who can provide a more accurate prognosis, taking into account the individual's overall health and the extent of their cancer. [medicalnewstoday.com]

It is important to distinguish the different etiologies because treatment varies widely, from observation for granulomas or hamartomas to surgery for malignancies like carcinoid tumor and solitary metastasis. [pulmonologyadvisor.com]

[from NCI ] Etiology Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2017 Dec 1;52(6):1041-1048. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezx272. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology The predominant cause of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (and non-SCLC) is tobacco smoking. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Changing epidemiology of small-cell lung cancer in the United States over the last 30 years: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiologic, and end results database. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Oct 1. 24(28):4539-44. [Medline]. American Cancer Society. [emedicine.medscape.com]

With the advent of genetic testing, as well as some old-fashioned epidemiology, traditional diagnostic and treatment boundaries are in flux and new entities — like never-smokers' lung cancer — are getting added to the map. [health.harvard.edu]

Distinct Epidemiology and Clinical Consequence of Classic Versus Rare EGFR Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol. 2015 May;10(5):738-46. doi: 10.1097/JTO.0000000000000492. [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]

"Lung Cancer in Never Smokers: Clinical Epidemiology and Environmental Risk Factors". Clinical Cancer Research. 15 (18): 5626–5645. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-0376. PMC 3170525. [en.wikipedia.org]

Competing interests Julia Hippisley-Cox is professor of clinical epidemiology at the University of Nottingham and co-director of QResearch ® — a not-for-profit organisation which is a joint partnership between the University of Nottingham and EMIS ® [bjgp.org]

Pathophysiology Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) arises in peribronchial locations and infiltrates the bronchial submucosa. [emedicine.medscape.com]

[…] immunosuppression and increase the survival of cancer-fighting T cells ICOS : activating this co-stimulatory pathway on T cells can help enhance immune responses against cancer IDO : blocking this enzyme’s activity can help prevent cancer-fighting T [cancerresearch.org]

This list shares the training programs and accreditation options for TTS professionals who will be assisting individuals seeking to stop using tobacco. http://preventcancer.org/prevention/ Prevent Cancer aims to stop cancer before it starts by focusing [selfmadehealth.org]

Q: What is the best way to prevent lung cancer? A: The best way to prevent lung cancer is not to smoke cigarettes or to quit smoking if you are a smoker. Adithya Cattamanchi, MD Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. [medicalnewstoday.com]