Tumors of the parotid gland constitute about 80% of all salivary gland tumors, which are rarely encountered in clinical practice [1] [2]. Approximately 20% of all tumors are malignant in nature, with numerous subtypes are described in the literature [1] [2]. Adenoid cyst carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, as well as lymphomas and mixed tumors are the main types of primary malignant parotid tumors [1] [3] [4]. In addition, recurrences of previously resected tumors constitute a small, but significant proportion of malignant parotid tumors [1]. These malignancies are encountered at the end of the sixth and the beginning of the seventh decade (mean onset around 60 years of age), with no gender predilection [1] [4] [5]. Several risk factors have been attributed to the pathogenesis, such as cigarette smoking and alcohol, but the exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation is the only definite risk factor [2]. Malignant parotid tumors are generally described as slow-growing lesions, (which may result in an insidious clinical course) [2], and a small, well-defined, and mobile lump can be identified as the only finding [6]. In more aggressive forms, the mass grows rapidly and produces symptoms such as pain, facial paralysis (due to facial nerve palsy), and proximal lymphadenopathy [3] [5] [6]. Because metastatic spread of tumors, particularly into the lungs [2], are a known complication of malignant parotid tumors, their early recognition is vital.

• Localized Pain

  Four months later, the patient developed localized pain, ipsilateral facial paralysis and painful swallowing. Computerized tomography revealed a heterogeneous mass in the parotid region ( Figure 1 ). An incisional biopsy was performed. [scielo.br]

• Parotid Mass

  Parotid Mass Removal Here the parotid mass is about to be completely removed (being held up by the clamp). This part of the procedure takes about 5-10 minutes to perform. [fauquierent.net]

  FNAC of palpable lymph node is mandatory for parotid mass where FNAC of parotid is inconclusive. [jhrr.org]

  Location parotid gland : 70% minor salivary glands (including sublingual): 22% with the palate being most frequent (see: minor salivary gland tumors ) submandibular gland : 8% Overall ~80% of all parotid masses are benign and the majority of these are [radiopaedia.org]

  In the second report, a 60-year-old female patient presented a 5 cm parotid mass with four microscopic patterns: undifferentiated carcinoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, osteosarcoma and malignant giant cell tumor (8). [scielo.br]

• Parotid Swelling

  Abstract Malignat parotid tumors in children are rare, especially squamous cell carcinomas. A 10-year-old boy visited our hospital with a parotid swelling on the right side. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

  On examination, a single nontender, firm-to-hard swelling present in the right parotid region. Clinically, there was no evidence of cervical lymphadenopathy. [jhrr.org]

  Population education is required for a first-line use of health services in front of any indolor swelling in the parotid region. [omicsonline.org]

  A 43 year-old woman was referred to our Department presenting with a 4 years history of right parotid swelling. The tumor was solid in consistency, had slowly increased in size until 2 cm in its greatest dimension and was mildly painful. [bjorl.org]

  From a clinical point of view, it is easier to consider the presentation of either diffuse parotid swelling or a mass within the region of the parotid. [surgwiki.com]

• Neck Mass

  Most tumours present as a painless neck mass. [surgwiki.com]

  During hospitalization, the neck mass rapidly increased in size with ulceration and severe bleeding. The patient evolved with anemia, hypoalbuminemia and renal failure, and eventually died four months after surgery. [scielo.br]

  Our patient had no sudden painful increase in neck mass size or any signs of facial weakness. [tmj.ro]

  This system defines five broad categories of salivary gland neoplasms: [8] [9] Benign tumour of the submandibular gland, also known as pleomorphic adenoma, presented as a painless neck mass in a 40-year-old man. [en.wikipedia.org]

The physician plays a crucial role in identifying malignant parotid tumors in its early stages, which could lead to a very good prognosis (5-year survival rates of tumors in stages I and II are 96% and 77%, respectively) [2]. For this reason, a thorough patient history that evaluates the presence of associated complaints and their duration, together with a meticulous physical exam that includes palpation of the parotid glands, are essential steps for raising clinical suspicion. After a nondisclosed mass is observed in the parotid gland, imaging studies should be ordered as soon as possible. Ultrasonography (US) is a reliable first-line method that can detect a mass and determine its basic characteristics, particularly if the mass is located in the superior lobe of the parotid gland [1] [6] [7]. If inconclusive findings are obtained during the US, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might be employed for a better delineation of the lesion [1] [6] [7]. The use of a preoperative biopsy is still a matter of debate when it comes to malignant parotid tumors. Some authors advocate the use of a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), or even an open biopsy, but both procedures carry a high risk of tumor seeding into the adjacent tissues [1] [6] [7]. Thus, a post-operative examination of the tumor through a histopathological evaluation is considered to be a definite diagnostic measure [1].

When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment. Patients may want to think about taking part in a clinical trial. [medicinenet.com]

guidelines, discoveries in your fields of interest; be notified You are informed about innovative treatments, techniques and innovations in medicine This video is limited to doctors and other health professionals. [medtube.net]

A search for spread to regional nodes or distant metastases in the lung, liver, bone, or brain may be indicated before treatment is selected. Surgery, sometimes plus radiation therapy Treatment of benign tumors is surgery. [merckmanuals.com]

[…] neck treatment even with positive ipsilateral neck nodes (see Harrison, 1990). [en.wikibooks.org]

[…] decisions challenging for the treatment team. [enttoday.org]

The physician plays a crucial role in identifying malignant parotid tumors in its early stages, which could lead to a very good prognosis (5-year survival rates of tumors in stages I and II are 96% and 77%, respectively). [symptoma.com]

Conley J, Hamaker RC (1975) Prognosis of malignant tumors of the parotid gland with facial paralysis. Arch Otolaryngol 101: 39–41 Google Scholar 4. Eneroth CM (1972) Facial nerve paralysis: a criterion of malignancy in parotid tumors. [link.springer.com]

Prognosis The prognosis of carcinoma ex PA depends on its extension. [atlasgeneticsoncology.org]

The news has left many people with questions about this type of cancer, its actual location, and, of course, its prognosis. [everydayhealth.com]

Use Additional Use Additional Help Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10data.com]

The initial diagnosis is made through a physical examination, whereas imaging studies, and a histopathological exam (either preoperative or postoperative) are recommended for confirming the exact etiology. [symptoma.com]

Incidence and Etiology Approximately 2500 new cases of salivary gland neoplasms are diagnosed each year. Parotid neoplasms account for 80% of salivary neoplasms. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Image 2 – Location of Parotid Location The exact etiology of parotid tumors remain unknown, however, several contributory factors are established. [cancerwall.com]

They utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1973–2009 to get a sufficient pediatric cohort. The SEER database includes data on patients … [aapgrandrounds.aappublications.org]

Background: The aim of this paper was to know the epidemiological characteristics of the salivary gland tumors in a Mexican population. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was performed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

1 Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Angela Chetrit 1 Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center [academic.oup.com]

Through this observation and review of the literature, we discuss the epidemiological, clinical and histological aspects of malignant tumors of the parotid gland. [omicsonline.org]

A 1999 epidemiologic study from Alabama found mucoepidermoid carcinomas to be the most frequent malignancy. 5 These tumors develop most often in the parotid glands, and can vary from low- to high-grade. [enttoday.org]

The parotid gland was removed totally with prevention of injury to the facial nerve. Postoperative permanent sections of the tumor showed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

Prevention If you’re playing any contact sports, wearing a mouthguard can help protect your teeth from injury and trauma. [colgate.com]

They acknowledge that this prevents them from reaching a "definitive conclusion about the effect of cellular phone usage." A second anomaly is that rural residents had a lower risk than those in the city, the opposite of what Sadetzki reported. [microwavenews.com]

Thus, parotid gland removal of the tumor, or parotid surgery, and close monitoring is absolutely necessary in order to prevent a more serious problem from developing. [parotidsurgerymd.com]

Saliva also helps to defend against bacteria and prevent cavities. Diseases of the Parotid Gland There are several types of medical conditions which can affect the salivary gland, from stones to tumors. Let's look at each of these separately. [verywell.com]

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6. Sood S, McGurk M, Vaz F. Management of Salivary Gland Tumours: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. J Laryngol Otol. 2016;130(Suppl 2): S142-S149.
7. Lee YY, Wong KT, King AD, Ahuja AT. Imaging of salivary gland tumours. Eur J Radiol 2008;66:419–436.