Tumors of the parotid gland constitute about 80% of all salivary gland tumors, which are rarely encountered in clinical practice [1] [2]. Approximately 20% of all tumors are malignant in nature, with numerous subtypes are described in the literature [1] [2]. Adenoid cyst carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, as well as lymphomas and mixed tumors are the main types of primary malignant parotid tumors [1] [3] [4]. In addition, recurrences of previously resected tumors constitute a small, but significant proportion of malignant parotid tumors [1]. These malignancies are encountered at the end of the sixth and the beginning of the seventh decade (mean onset around 60 years of age), with no gender predilection [1] [4] [5]. Several risk factors have been attributed to the pathogenesis, such as cigarette smoking and alcohol, but the exposure to high doses of ionizing radiation is the only definite risk factor [2]. Malignant parotid tumors are generally described as slow-growing lesions, (which may result in an insidious clinical course) [2], and a small, well-defined, and mobile lump can be identified as the only finding [6]. In more aggressive forms, the mass grows rapidly and produces symptoms such as pain, facial paralysis (due to facial nerve palsy), and proximal lymphadenopathy [3] [5] [6]. Because metastatic spread of tumors, particularly into the lungs [2], are a known complication of malignant parotid tumors, their early recognition is vital.

• Rigor

  2016 Number of Print Pages: 12 Number of Figures: 4 Number of Tables: 0 ISBN: 978-3-318-05801-7 (Print) eISBN: 978-3-318-05802-4 (Online) Abstract The successful treatment of salivary gland malignancies originating in the parotid gland begins with rigorous [karger.com]

• Vascular Disease

  Nonneoplastic causes of parotid enlargement include cysts, parotitis, lymphoepithelial lesions associated with AIDS, collagen vascular diseases, and benign hypertrophy. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Parotid Mass

  FNAC of palpable lymph node is mandatory for parotid mass where FNAC of parotid is inconclusive. [jhrr.org]

  In the second report, a 60-year-old female patient presented a 5 cm parotid mass with four microscopic patterns: undifferentiated carcinoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, osteosarcoma and malignant giant cell tumor (8). [scielo.br]

  Parotid Mass Removal Here the parotid mass is about to be completely removed (being held up by the clamp). This part of the procedure takes about 5-10 minutes to perform. [fauquierent.net]

  Approximately 25% of parotid masses are nonneoplastic; the remaining 75% are neoplastic. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Parotid Swelling

  A 10-year-old boy visited our hospital with a parotid swelling on the right side. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

  There is an increased incidence of development of carcinomas and malignant lymphomas following benign lymphoepithelial lesion. [7] If the parotid swelling is diagnosed as chronic sialadenitis based on FNAC report, Doppler scan with USG-guided FNAC has [jhrr.org]

  The reason for consultation is conventional: It is at the beginning of a painless parotid swelling, progressively extensive. In our observation, the swelling was ulceronercotic and surinfected due to delayed diagnosis. [omicsonline.org]

  A 43 year-old woman was referred to our Department presenting with a 4 years history of right parotid swelling. The tumor was solid in consistency, had slowly increased in size until 2 cm in its greatest dimension and was mildly painful. [bjorl.org]

  From a clinical point of view, it is easier to consider the presentation of either diffuse parotid swelling or a mass within the region of the parotid. [surgwiki.com]

• Neck Mass

  Most tumours present as a painless neck mass. [surgwiki.com]

  During hospitalization, the neck mass rapidly increased in size with ulceration and severe bleeding. The patient evolved with anemia, hypoalbuminemia and renal failure, and eventually died four months after surgery. [scielo.br]

  Our patient had no sudden painful increase in neck mass size or any signs of facial weakness. [tmj.ro]

The physician plays a crucial role in identifying malignant parotid tumors in its early stages, which could lead to a very good prognosis (5-year survival rates of tumors in stages I and II are 96% and 77%, respectively) [2]. For this reason, a thorough patient history that evaluates the presence of associated complaints and their duration, together with a meticulous physical exam that includes palpation of the parotid glands, are essential steps for raising clinical suspicion. After a nondisclosed mass is observed in the parotid gland, imaging studies should be ordered as soon as possible. Ultrasonography (US) is a reliable first-line method that can detect a mass and determine its basic characteristics, particularly if the mass is located in the superior lobe of the parotid gland [1] [6] [7]. If inconclusive findings are obtained during the US, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might be employed for a better delineation of the lesion [1] [6] [7]. The use of a preoperative biopsy is still a matter of debate when it comes to malignant parotid tumors. Some authors advocate the use of a fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), or even an open biopsy, but both procedures carry a high risk of tumor seeding into the adjacent tissues [1] [6] [7]. Thus, a post-operative examination of the tumor through a histopathological evaluation is considered to be a definite diagnostic measure [1].

• Multiple Pulmonary Nodules

  On further workup, a chest CT scan revealed multiple pulmonary nodules ranging from 3 to 44 mm, compatible with metastatic disease; these are biopsied, showing similar morphology and immunophenotype to the parotid lesion. [elsevier.es]

guidelines, discoveries in your fields of interest; be notified You are informed about innovative treatments, techniques and innovations in medicine This video is limited to doctors and other health professionals. [medtube.net]

Although cancer therapy is not the main subject of this series, the crucial role of imaging in selecting the type of therapy and its post-treatment assessment are discussed. [books.google.de]

Malignant parotid tumors in 110 consecutive patients: treatment, result and prognosis. Laryngoscope 1992;102:1064-9. 29. Amirlak B, Chim HWM, Chen EH, et al. Malignant Parotid Tumors. Available on . [tmj.ro]

If resectable, surgery is the primary modality of treatment for most malignant tumors of the parotid gland. [emedicine.medscape.com]

The physician plays a crucial role in identifying malignant parotid tumors in its early stages, which could lead to a very good prognosis (5-year survival rates of tumors in stages I and II are 96% and 77%, respectively). [symptoma.com]

Patients with high-grade tumors frequently experienced distant metastases and prognosis was poor. KEYWORDS: Malignant parotid tumor; Postoperative radiotherapy; Surgery; WHO classification [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Concentrates on the application of imaging technology to the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate, colorectal, ovarian, gastrointestinal, and bone cancers • Addresses relationship between radiation dose and image quality • Discusses the role of molecular [books.google.de]

Conley J, Hamaker RC (1975) Prognosis of malignant tumors of the parotid gland with facial paralysis. Arch Otolaryngol 101: 39–41 Google Scholar 4. Eneroth CM (1972) Facial nerve paralysis: a criterion of malignancy in parotid tumors. [link.springer.com]

The initial diagnosis is made through a physical examination, whereas imaging studies, and a histopathological exam (either preoperative or postoperative) are recommended for confirming the exact etiology. [symptoma.com]

Use Additional Use Additional Help Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10data.com]

Incidence and Etiology Approximately 2500 new cases of salivary gland neoplasms are diagnosed each year. Parotid neoplasms account for 80% of salivary neoplasms. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Image 2 – Location of Parotid Location The exact etiology of parotid tumors remain unknown, however, several contributory factors are established. [cancerwall.com]

1 Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel Search for other works by this author on: Angela Chetrit 1 Cancer and Radiation Epidemiology Unit, Gertner Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center [academic.oup.com]

They utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1973–2009 to get a sufficient pediatric cohort. The SEER database includes data on patients … [aapgrandrounds.aappublications.org]

Background: The aim of this paper was to know the epidemiological characteristics of the salivary gland tumors in a Mexican population. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study was performed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Through this observation and review of the literature, we discuss the epidemiological, clinical and histological aspects of malignant tumors of the parotid gland. [omicsonline.org]

A 1999 epidemiologic study from Alabama found mucoepidermoid carcinomas to be the most frequent malignancy. 5 These tumors develop most often in the parotid glands, and can vary from low- to high-grade. [enttoday.org]

The parotid gland was removed totally with prevention of injury to the facial nerve. Postoperative permanent sections of the tumor showed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. [jstage.jst.go.jp]

They acknowledge that this prevents them from reaching a "definitive conclusion about the effect of cellular phone usage." A second anomaly is that rural residents had a lower risk than those in the city, the opposite of what Sadetzki reported. [microwavenews.com]

Prevention If you’re playing any contact sports, wearing a mouthguard can help protect your teeth from injury and trauma. [colgate.com]

Thus, parotid gland removal of the tumor, or parotid surgery, and close monitoring is absolutely necessary in order to prevent a more serious problem from developing. [parotidsurgerymd.com]

Saliva also helps to defend against bacteria and prevent cavities. Diseases of the Parotid Gland There are several types of medical conditions which can affect the salivary gland, from stones to tumors. Let's look at each of these separately. [verywell.com]

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2. Ho K, Lin H, Ann DK, Chu PG, Yen Y. An overview of the rare parotid gland cancer. Head Neck Oncol. 2011;3:40.
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6. Sood S, McGurk M, Vaz F. Management of Salivary Gland Tumours: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. J Laryngol Otol. 2016;130(Suppl 2): S142-S149.
7. Lee YY, Wong KT, King AD, Ahuja AT. Imaging of salivary gland tumours. Eur J Radiol 2008;66:419–436.