Coronary artery disease was present as identified by an episode of retrostrenal chest pain and a stress test showed ST segment elevation in the electrocardiogram. No palpable abnormalities were present in the breast or axilla. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The patient was asymptomatic, and the image is identical to that presented in Keats (5-109). Osteitis condensans : Rare. Invariably unilateral. Primarily affects women between the ages of 20 to 60. [roentgenrayreader.blogspot.com]

CASE PRESENTATION A 41-year-old woman presented for baseline screening mammography. She was nulliparous but had no other risk factor for breast cancer. [pubs.rsna.org]

All patients presented epilepsy. There was no predominance regarding gender (22 M/22 F); 83.7% of the patients presented their first seizure (febrile or non febrile) up to the age of five years. [scielo.br]

We present a case of temporal artery medial ossification in a patient with suspected giant cell arteritis (GCA). [canadianjournalofophthalmology.ca]

• Pain

  Painful sclerosis of the medial end of the clavicle. Clin Radiol. 2004 Nov;59(11):992-9. Keats TE and Anderson MW. Atlas of Normal Roentgen Variants That May Simulate Disease. 8th edition, page 452; Mosby (2004). [roentgenrayreader.blogspot.com]

  […] produce pain Pain on resisted active range of motion of affected muscles Mechanical intra-articular conditions Recurrent joint swelling Joint locks Joint “gives way” Intermittent pain with pain-free intervals Pain and limitation at certain points of [aafp.org]

  You may have pain in your knee and then notice that it gets worse, especially with activity. Eventually, the pain can stop you from everyday activities. You may also have pain and stiffness that is worse when you wake up in the morning. [healthline.com]

  The pain is described as intermittent or steady, but at times may be intense. Pain is usually localised to the medial end of the clavicle, but may radiate to the shoulder, neck and anterior chest wall. [shoulderdoc.co.uk]

• Inflammation

  Mediastinitis is swelling and irritation (inflammation) of the chest area between the lungs (mediastinum). [medlineplus.gov]

  It has the additional benefit of reducing pain-causing inflammation. NSAIDs are used less often for the treatment of OA, but they may help reduce your pain if you’re experiencing a lot of inflammation in the knee. [healthline.com]

  […] sclerosis [ sklĕ-ro´sis ] an induration or hardening, especially of a part from inflammation, or in disease of the interstitial substance. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  The infrequent occurrence of this condition in the temporal artery and the presence of a fragmented internal elastic lamina should not be erroneously interpreted as sequelae of previous arterial inflammation. [bjo.bmj.com]

  Depression is predominantly caused by inflammation in the brain, which is a hallmark of MS.15 Although researchers do not fully understand the pathogenesis of MS, they think inflammation precedes neuron death and myelin loss. [dana.org]

• Disability

  Status Scale (EDSS, a scale that quantifies disability) after a second attack. [multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com]

  Background: Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can present with different combinations of functional deficits, such as loss of balance, poor coordination, weakness, spasticity, gait disabilities and fall risk [1]. [egms.de]

  (B) MS group divided by Expanded Disability Status Scale score, up to 3.5 (n = 104), from 4.0 to 5.5 (n = 52) and at least 6.0 (n = 54). EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale. [iovs.arvojournals.org]

  Half to three-quarters of people with MS are unemployed within 10 years of diagnosis.4 Cognitive impairment is the leading predictor of occupational disability, while physical disability, age, sex, and education contribute less than 15 percent to the [dana.org]

  Typically, neurologic deficits are multiple, with remissions and exacerbations gradually producing disability. [msdmanuals.com]

• Weakness

  Weakness in swallowing muscles may cause choking and greater difficulty eating and managing saliva. Weakness in breathing muscles can cause respiratory insufficiency, especially when lying down. [mda.org]

  They include: Stiffness, weakness and muscle spasms (spasticity) in your legs, often starting in one leg Tripping, difficulty with balance and clumsiness as the leg muscles weaken Weakness and stiffness progressing to your trunk, then your arms, hands [mayoclinic.org]

  Sickles and Galvin (,7) refuted the association between arterial calcifications on mammograms and diabetes as too weak to be clinically useful. [pubs.rsna.org]

  Mild dysarthria may occur, caused by bulbar weakness, cerebellar damage, or disturbance of cortical control. Other cranial nerve deficits are unusual but may occur secondary to brain stem injury. Weakness is common. [msdmanuals.com]

  Background: Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) can present with different combinations of functional deficits, such as loss of balance, poor coordination, weakness, spasticity, gait disabilities and fall risk [1]. [egms.de]

• Asymptomatic

  CLINICAL PRESENTATION An individual is usually asymptomatic unless severe. However, if severe, it is a poor prognostic sign for diabetics and heart patients due to the stiffening of vessel. [medrx-education.com]

  Clinical findings Medial cystic sclerosis is usually asymptomatic, but may be associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. [newmedicalterms.com]

  Clinical findings Medial cystic sclerosis is usually asymptomatic, but may be associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  The patient was asymptomatic, and the image is identical to that presented in Keats (5-109). Osteitis condensans : Rare. Invariably unilateral. Primarily affects women between the ages of 20 to 60. [roentgenrayreader.blogspot.com]

  Treatment and prognosis Because of the high prevalence of asymptomatic iliac vein compression, follow up is not necessary unless the patient is symptomatic from the process. [radiopaedia.org]

• Vomiting

  The two most common causes of infection are A tear in the esophagus Chest surgery (a procedure called median sternotomy) The esophagus may be torn accidentally during a procedure such as endoscopy, by forceful vomiting (Boerhaave syndrome), or by an injury [msdmanuals.com]

  Causes of the tear include: A procedure such as endoscopy Forceful or constant vomiting Trauma Other causes of mediastinitis include: A fungal infection called histoplasmosis Radiation Inflammation of the lymph nodes, lungs, liver, eyes, skin, or other [medlineplus.gov]

  Acute Mediastinitis: Etiologies and Clinical Settings Perforation of a thoracic viscus Esophagus "Spontaneous": forceful vomiting (Boerhaave's syndrome); pneumatic trauma Direct penetrating trauma Impacted foreign body Instrumentation: esophagoscopy [slideshare.net]

  Patients with post-vomiting esophageal rupture often relate to an episode of severe vomiting or retching (which may be self-induced) followed by excruciating chest pain. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

• Gagging

  These may range from gagging, lip smacking, running, screaming, crying, or laughing. You may be tired or sleepy after the seizure. This is called the postictal period. Generalized seizure A generalized seizure occurs in both sides of the brain. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

• Hypertension

  Cause It can be caused by malignant hypertension.[4][9] References[edit] External links[edit] Classification D MeSH: D050379 [en.wikipedia.org]

  The third section surveys numerous studies on the chronic pulmonary hypertension. This book is directed toward pulmonologists. [books.google.ro]

  Clinical findings Medial cystic sclerosis is usually asymptomatic, but may be associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. [newmedicalterms.com]

  Clinical findings Medial cystic sclerosis is usually asymptomatic, but may be associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and chronic kidney disease. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  He denied smoking, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, alcoholism or hypertension. He reported having noticed, about a year ago, the occurrence of small necrotic lesions at the end of the right toes, not associated with pain or another local symptom. [scielo.br]

• Vascular Disease

  Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries (I70-I79) I70 Atherosclerosis Includes: arteriolosclerosis arteriosclerosis arteriosclerotic vascular disease atheroma degeneration: · arterial · arteriovascular · vascular endarteritis deformans or obliterans [apps.who.int]

  COMMENT: The sections may not be representative of disease in the distal vascular bed. See also Vascular disease. References ↑ Klatt, Edward C. (2006). Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology (1st ed.). Saunders. pp. 7. ISBN 978-1416002741. [librepathology.org]

  Differentiation of multipotent vascular stem cells contributes to vascular diseases. Nat Commun, 3 (2012), pp. 875 [19] G. Lefthériotis, L. Omarjee, O. Le Saux, D. Henrion, P. Abraham, F. Prunier, et al. [elsevier.es]

  Background : Although various factors may influence the outcome of diabetic foot ulcers in diabetic subjects, the severity of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is the main independent risk factor for amputation. [dbpia.co.kr]

  […] endarteritis vascular degeneration Type 2 Excludes arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease ( I25.1- ) arteriosclerotic heart disease ( I25.1- ) atheroembolism ( I75.- ) cerebral atherosclerosis ( I67.2 ) coronary atherosclerosis ( I25.1- ) mesenteric [icd10data.com]

• Blister

  He described antecedent pain and discoloration for 1 week, followed by blistering of the fingertips, which became ulcerated 2 days ago. [ccjm.org]

• Muscle Weakness

  The most common symptoms of MS are: Muscle weakness: People may develop weak muscles due to lack of use or stimulation due to nerve damage. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  Motor involvement manifests as muscle weakness, muscle spasms, impaired coordination and balance or difficulty with speech and swallowing. [eyewiki.aao.org]

  weakness and neurologic dysfunction. [aafp.org]

• Incontinence

  There is no loss of muscle tone, convulsions, tongue biting or urinary incontinence. Hence, CPSs may be difficult to recognize, especially for the non-neurologist. [casemed.case.edu]

  Most patients with MS have difficulty with bladder control (eg, frequency, urgency, hesitancy, incontinence, retention). Fatigue is common. [msdmanuals.com]

  Bladder problems: A person may have difficulty emptying their bladder or need to urinate frequently or suddenly (urge incontinence). Loss of bladder control is an early sign of MS. [medicalnewstoday.com]

  […] in patients with (latent) JC virus infection Supportive therapy Spasticity: dantrolene, baclofen ,physiotherapy Painful paresthesias: carbamazepine;, amitriptyline Urinary retention: intermittent catheterization and parasympathomimetic drugs Urinary incontinence [amboss.com]

  Autonomic symptoms include bowel dysfunction (diarrhea or constipation) and bladder dysfunction (urinary incontinence). Cognitive complaints in MS include fatigue, decreased attention span, concentration, memory, and judgment. [eyewiki.aao.org]

• Seizure

  After a temporal lobe seizure, many people: Feel confused Have difficulty speaking Are unable to remember what happened during the seizure Do not know that they have had a seizure Experience extreme sleepiness Anti-seizure medications are often prescribed [inova.org]

  On the other hand, there was no correlation between seizure control and any of the following factors: age at first seizure, age at focal seizure onset, complex febrile seizure. [scielo.br]

  A 25-year-old man had experienced complex partial seizures since childhood. The seizures, which featured automatisms and dystonic posturing, had started following a febrile illness with a prolonged seizure when he was four years of age. [cmaj.ca]

  What causes a seizure? A seizure can be caused by many things. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

• Ataxia

  Called also induration. adj., adj sclerot´ic. familial centrolobar sclerosis a progressive familial form of leukoencephalopathy marked by nystagmus, ataxia, tremor, parkinsonian facies, dysarthria, and mental deterioration. hippocampal sclerosis loss [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  […] sequelae of unspecified cerebrovascular disease I69.990 Apraxia following unspecified cerebrovascular disease I69.991 Dysphagia following unspecified cerebrovascular disease I69.992 Facial weakness following unspecified cerebrovascular disease I69.993 Ataxia [icd10data.com]

  […] neuron weakness characterized by spasticity, hyperreflexia, and a positive Babinski's sign (see upper vs lower motor neuron lesions) Involvement of the dorsal spinal column; : loss of vibration and fine touch sensations, numbness, paresthesias, sensory ataxia [amboss.com]

  Development of PML symptoms (eg, aphasia, change in mental status, hemianopia, ataxia) requires immediate brain MRI, with and without gadolinium. MRI can often distinguish PML from MS. [msdmanuals.com]

• Headache

  The 70-year-old female had temporal headache in addition to vision loss. [canadianjournalofophthalmology.ca]

  Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021 Jun 4;25(8):50. doi: 10.1007/s11916-021-00965-0. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2021. PMID: 34086132 Review. The Dual Role of Vitamin K2 in "Bone-Vascular Crosstalk": Opposite Effects on Bone Loss and Vascular Calcification. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) (2018) The international classification of headache disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia 38:1–211 3. [thejournalofheadacheandpain.biomedcentral.com]

  Poor respiration may cause fatigue, fuzzy thinking, headaches, and susceptibility to pneumonia. (Respiratory insufficiency is a leading cause of death in ALS.) Speech, or eating and drinking by mouth, may not be possible. [mda.org]

• Stroke

  stroke patients we matched patients from an ongoing study on trauma patients by age and gender to the 48 stroke patients. [journals.plos.org]

  Subscribe today Acute (sudden) events, such as a heart attack, stroke, or sudden death, often are caused by the rupture of plaques that decrease the lumen by only 50 percent. [britannica.com]

  There are many possible causes of epilepsy, including an imbalance of nerve-signaling chemicals called neurotransmitters, tumors, strokes, and brain damage from illness or injury, or some combination of these. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

  Therefore there is an increased risk of cardiac infarction and stroke. [enverdis.com]

  Stroke 43:1818–1823 PubMed CrossRef 8. Meer IM van der, Iglesias del Sol A, Hak AE et al (2003) Risk factors for progression of atherosclerosis measured at multiple sites in the arterial tree: the Rotterdam study. [springermedizin.de]

• Dysarthria

  Called also induration. adj., adj sclerot´ic. familial centrolobar sclerosis a progressive familial form of leukoencephalopathy marked by nystagmus, ataxia, tremor, parkinsonian facies, dysarthria, and mental deterioration. hippocampal sclerosis loss [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  The cerebellar connections can be affected with incoordination of the limbs, ataxia and dysarthria (scanning speech or "drunken speech). [dartmouth.edu]

  MS is associated with other clinical findings such as: Charcot triad of dysarthria, ataxia, and tremor; Uhthoff’s phenomenon of worsening of symptoms in higher temperatures; Lhermitte’s sign of an electrical sensation running down the back when the neck [eyewiki.aao.org]

  Mild dysarthria may occur, caused by bulbar weakness, cerebellar damage, or disturbance of cortical control. Other cranial nerve deficits are unusual but may occur secondary to brain stem injury. Weakness is common. [msdmanuals.com]

Metastatic workup was ordered and medical consultation was requested for possible infectious etiology. The patient underwent bone scan and CT of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. They were all negative. [egms.de]

MRI has become integral to the initial diagnostic workup of patients with MS. [dana.org]

• Brain MRI Abnormal

  These patients tend to be younger, present with positive oligoclonal bands in CSF, and develop brain MRI abnormalities during their disease course. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Dyslipidemia

  He denied smoking, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, alcoholism or hypertension. He reported having noticed, about a year ago, the occurrence of small necrotic lesions at the end of the right toes, not associated with pain or another local symptom. [scielo.br]

  The incidence of atherosclerosis is more in males as compared to females. [6] Calcification of the vascular tree is common in physiologic and pathologic conditions, that is, aging, diabetes, dyslipidemia, genetic diseases, and diseases with disturbances [atmph.org]

  The risk factors that probably predispose patients with CKD to VC include traditional ones such as older age, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, as well as risk factors that are more specific to patients with CKD such as hyperphosphatemia [cjasn.asnjournals.org]

  […] demonstrated by an HbA1C of 11%, without adequate adherence to medical treatment and clinical follow-up, and also with chronic kidney disease stage 5 in the last 4 years, requiring renal replacement therapy of hemodialysis type, without a history of associated dyslipidemia [elsevier.es]

In patients with a documented disorder of phosphate homeostasis (typically chronic kidney disease with a mineral and bone disorder, as is the case for this patient), prevention and treatment includes phosphate binders, low-dose vitamin D, calcimimetics [ccjm.org]

The first step in treatment of cortical dysplasia is controlling the seizures. Anti-seizure medications are often prescribed as a treatment for cortical dysplasia. [inova.org]

Surgical Treatments for Mesial Temporal Sclerosis Mesial temporal sclerosis treatments generally consist of managing the epilepsy symptom by using either anticonvulsant medication or, if medication is not effective, surgery. [nspc.com]

Synonyms Moenckeberg medial calcific sclerosis, calcific medial sclerosis of Monckeberg, Mönckeberg's arteriosclerosis (also written Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis) LM calcifications of the tunica media LM DDx atherosclerosis Site blood vessels - arteries Prognosis [librepathology.org]

But it is a prognosis snapshot for today, based on clinical signs and tests results that might aid a longer term estimate of progression. [multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com]

OBJECTIVE: To analyze retrospectively a series of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), and the association of patterns of hippocampal sclerosis with clinical data and surgical prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment and prognosis Because of the high prevalence of asymptomatic iliac vein compression, follow up is not necessary unless the patient is symptomatic from the process. [radiopaedia.org]

Prognosis Multiple sclerosis can have severe debilitating effects within 20-25 years of onset. [eyewiki.aao.org]

As a possible etiologic factor inducing these two responses, hyperphosphatemia among various metabolic disturbances recognized in uremia may play an important role in the development of MMS in uremia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Applicable To Mönckeberg's (medial) sclerosis Use Additional Use Additional Help Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10data.com]

The etiology of mesial temporal sclerosis is controversial. It is thought to possibly result from an early injury to the brain or congenital malformation. [casemed.case.edu]

Although these lesions do not usually invade the vessel walls, the arteries affected may also develop atherosclerosis.2 Its etiology remains unknown.4 In our report, the patient was 64 years, did not have diabetes mellitus and had calcifications in the [scielo.br]

Epidemiological observations link medial sclerosis not only to diabetes, but also to other disease states commonly encountered in the population, such as osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease. [jrdiabet.ro]

Epidemiological studies have used the ratio of ankle to brachial blood pressure (ankle brachial pressure index, ABPI or ABI) as an indicator of arterial calcification with ABPI >1.3 to >1.5 being used as a diagnostic criterion depending on the study.[ [en.wikipedia.org]

References:[1][2] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

The pathophysiology of Monckeberg’s arteriosclerosis is still unclear, but it can be induced in animal models by injecting adrenalin, nicotine, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D. 2 In addition, lumbar sympathectomy has been shown to promote occurrence [bjo.bmj.com]

Dentistry (71) Surgery, Traumatology and Orthopaedics (51) Pathology and Forensic Medicine (39) Internal Medicine (36) Paediatrics, Neonatology (23) Oncology, Radiation Therapy (21) Biophysics (17) Physiology and Pathophysiology (16) Cardiology, Angiology [portal.mefanet.cz]

Etiology Pathophysiology Immune-mediated damage Most common sites of demyelination in MS Periventricular areas Brainstem Cerebellum Spinal cord References:[2] Clinical features Optic neuritis (most often the earliest manifestation): impaired vision and [amboss.com]

Reviewing the pathophysiology behind the advances in the management of giant cell arteritis. Ophthalmol Ther. 2019;8(2):177–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-019-0171-0. [link.springer.com]

Despite the foregoing, recent pathophysiological studies have suggested that there are inflammatory and genetic alterations closely related with the medial vascular calcification. [elsevier.es]

Sterile talc or an antibiotic may be inserted at the time of surgery to prevent the recurrence of fluid build-up. [my.clevelandclinic.org]

According to the researchers, the overgrowth of bone may sometimes help realign bowed knee joints and prevent excessive abrading. [verywellhealth.com]

In patients with a documented disorder of phosphate homeostasis (typically chronic kidney disease with a mineral and bone disorder, as is the case for this patient), prevention and treatment includes phosphate binders, low-dose vitamin D, calcimimetics [ccjm.org]

How can mediastinitis be prevented? Prevention of mediastinitis depends on the cause. Mediastinitis due to oropharyngeal infection can be prevented by the rapid diagnosis and treatment of the inciting infection to prevent further spread. [infectiousdiseaseadvisor.com]

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