Mediastinal diseases are conditions that arise from tissues in this cavity. [utswmedicine.org]

The VATS approach for the diagnostic and therapeutic excision of a mediastinal tumor is easier and safer than an intrapleural approach if a patient has dense pleural adhesions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

According to some reported studies, the conversion rate from VATS to open thoracotomy was 8–35%, and the main reason was major pleural adhesion ( 4, 6, 14 ). [jtd.amegroups.com]