The study presented here addresses the immunomodulatory properties of several common progestins with a potential to replace DMPA. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Presently women have a multitude of options when it comes to their control of fertility, options not given to their grandmothers. [hindawi.com]

• Weight Gain

  RESULTS: Cmax CONCLUSIONS: PK evaluation may help identify adolescents at risk of excessive DMPA-associated weight gain. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Gain Bone Density Additional relevant MeSH terms: Layout table for MeSH terms Bone Diseases Uterine Hemorrhage Weight Gain Body Weight Changes Body Weight Uterine Diseases Hemorrhage Pathologic Processes Musculoskeletal Diseases Medroxyprogesterone Acetate [clinicaltrials.gov]

• Epilepsy

  Serious side effects of Medroxyprogesterone include: fever pain or swelling in legs or hands weakness jaundice chest pain, cough, rapid breathing In case of Menopause it may also lead to vaginal bleedings breast lump severe pelvic pain lupus, asthma, epilepsy [lybrate.com]

  […] malignancy of breast Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding Known anaphylactic reaction or angioedema Significant known liver impairment or disease Documented hypersensitivity Cautions Use caution in patients with asthma, diabetes mellitus, history of depression, epilepsy [reference.medscape.com]

  Progestins may cause some degree of fluid retention; women with condition influenced by fluid retention including epilepsy, migraine, asthma, cardiac or kidney dysfunction, require careful observation. [rxlist.com]

• Fatigue

  Adverse effects Acne, dysmenorrhoea, birth defects if taken during pregnancy, headache, breast tenderness, increased facial hair, decreased scalp hair, insomnia, abdominal pain/discomfort, dizziness, asthenia (weakness or fatigue), and weight changes. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  A 39-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of general fatigue, nausea, and vomiting that appeared three months after she stopped seven years of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) medication for endometrial stromal sarcoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Overdosage of estrogen plus progestin therapy may cause nausea and vomiting, breast tenderness, dizziness, abdominal pain, drowsiness/fatigue and withdrawal bleeding may occur in women. [pfizermedicalinformation.com]

  […] uterine bleeding, weight or menstrual or cervical changes, breast tenderness, mastodynia, galactorrhea, thromboembolic disorders, acne, hirsutism, alopecia, edema, neuro-ocular lesions, depression, insomnia, somnolence, dizziness, headache, rash, pyrexia, fatigue [empr.com]

  Miscellaneous Hypersensitivity reactions (for example, anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, angioedema), rash (allergic) with and without pruritus, change in weight (increase or decrease), pyrexia, edema/fluid retention, fatigue, decreased glucose [rxlist.com]

• Congestive Heart Failure

  To make sure medroxyprogesterone is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: heart disease, congestive heart failure, recent stroke or heart attack high blood pressure; high cholesterol or triglycerides; low levels of calcium in your blood; severe [everydayhealth.com]

  congestive heart failure), high blood pressure, seizures, migraine headaches, asthma, high blood levels of cholesterol/fats, depression, diabetes, strokes. [womenshealthmeds.net]

  congestive heart failure), high blood pressure, seizures, migraine headaches, asthma, high blood levels of cholesterol/fats, depression, diabetes, strokes. [webmd.com]

• Precocious Puberty

  Used as a contraceptive and to treat secondary amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, pain associated with endometriosis, endometrial and renal cell carcinomas, paraphilia in males, GnRH-dependent forms of precocious puberty, as well as to prevent endometrial [drugs.ncats.io]

  puberty, as well as to prevent endometrial changes associated with estrogens.Progestins diffuse freely into target cells in the female reproductive tract, mammary gland, hypothalamus, and the pituitary and bind to the progesterone receptor. [indiamart.com]

  puberty, as well as to prevent endometrial changes associated with estrogens. [t3db.ca]

  Treatment of constitutional precocious puberty in children with medroxyprogesterone acetate. J. Paediat., 63: 718, 1963. 12. Senim, K.: "Pelviskopie and Hysteroskopie," F. K. Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1976. 13. [jpgmonline.com]

• Nausea

  Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most distressing side effects in systemic chemotherapies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The common side effects of using Medroxyprogesterone acetate are headache, nausea (feeling sick), weight gain, breast pain, and unusual vaginal bleeding or spotting. Most of these symptoms are temporary. [1mg.com]

  Gastrointestinal Nausea, cholestatic jaundice. Skin Sensitivity reactions consisting of urticaria, pruritus, edema and generalized rash have occurred. [rxlist.com]

  Side Effects Nausea, bloating, headache, changes in appetite, weight gain, tiredness, swelling, acne, hot flashes, breast tenderness, or irritation/pain at the injection site may occur. [webmd.com]

• Increased Appetite

  Increased appetite The most common side effect is feeling hungrier than usual and you may gain weight. If you are worried about gaining weight, talk to your doctor or nurse. Your appetite should go back to normal when you stop treatment. [macmillan.org.uk]

  Toxicity was frequent, occurring in 83% vs. 74% of patients: increased appetite, nausea and dizziness in more than 20%, and a preponderance of pyrosis and breathlessness on MA and hot flashes, sweating and tremors on MPA. [rug.nl]

  Findings varied from no change in dietary intake or eating behavior with DMPA use to increased appetite in the first six months of DMPA use. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  There is no way to predict who will experience side effects of MPA. among the more common side effects are: increased appetite and weight gain nausea swelling and fluid retention in the hands, legs, and breast breakthrough vaginal bleeding muscle cramps [encyclopedia.com]

• Heart Failure

  To make sure medroxyprogesterone is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: heart disease, congestive heart failure, recent stroke or heart attack high blood pressure; high cholesterol or triglycerides; low levels of calcium in your blood; severe [everydayhealth.com]

  congestive heart failure), high blood pressure, seizures, migraine headaches, asthma, high blood levels of cholesterol/fats, depression, diabetes, strokes. [womenshealthmeds.net]

  […] congestive heart failure), high blood pressure, seizures, migraine headaches, asthma, high blood levels of cholesterol/fats, depression, diabetes, strokes. [webmd.com]

• Jaundice

  Also contraindicated in patients with undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding and in patients with liver dysfunction or disease (such as history of hepatic adenoma or carcinoma), or history of cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy or jaundice with prior hormonal [glowm.com]

  Gastrointestinal Nausea, cholestatic jaundice. Skin Sensitivity reactions consisting of urticaria, pruritus, edema and generalized rash have occurred. [rxlist.com]

  Serious side effects of Medroxyprogesterone include: fever pain or swelling in legs or hands weakness jaundice chest pain, cough, rapid breathing In case of Menopause it may also lead to vaginal bleedings breast lump severe pelvic pain lupus, asthma, [lybrate.com]

  If ocular exam shows papilledema or retinal vascular lesions, drug should be discontinued. • Evaluate liver function tests. ☞ Watch for abdominal pain, fever, malaise, jaundice, darkened urine, and clay-colored stools. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Muscle Spasm

  spasms; Fluid retention; Impotence (mainly in cancer treated patients). [myvmc.com]

  spasms 64.76 31.02 43 3217 26860 3355739 Deformity 64.64 31.02 15 3245 506 3382093 Insomnia 64.58 31.02 48 3212 35850 3346749 Dyspnoea 63.87 31.02 76 3184 102858 3279741 Postmenopausal haemorrhage 61.78 31.02 14 3246 424 3382175 Hypertension 61.63 31.02 [drugcentral.org]

  spasms Frequency not reported: Gluteal infiltration and abscess formation Postmarketing reports: Chest pain, osteoporosis including osteoporotic fractures, loss of bone mineral density, scleroderma[Ref] Psychiatric Common (1% to 10%): Depression, insomnia [drugs.com]

• Hirsutism

  Acne, alopecia and hirsutism have been reported. Eyes Neuro-ocular lesions, for example, retinal thrombosis, and optic neuritis. Central Nervous System Mental depression, insomnia, somnolence, dizziness, headache, nervousness. [rxlist.com]

  Hirsutism was also improved but it did not reach statistical significant. When comparing post-MPA and post-Diane-35, the post-Diane-35 group had significantly improved acne score and LH/FSH ratio. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Adverse Reactions: Abnormal uterine bleeding, weight or menstrual or cervical changes, breast tenderness, mastodynia, galactorrhea, thromboembolic disorders, acne, hirsutism, alopecia, edema, neuro-ocular lesions, depression, insomnia, somnolence, dizziness [empr.com]

  Skin: rash, pain, induration, sterile abscesses, acne, pruritus, melasma, alopecia, hirsutism. Other: breast tenderness, enlargement, or secretion. [glowm.com]

• Angioedema

  Miscellaneous Hypersensitivity reactions (for example, anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid reactions, angioedema), rash (allergic) with and without pruritus, change in weight (increase or decrease), pyrexia, edema/fluid retention, fatigue, decreased glucose [rxlist.com]

  Hereditary angioedema. Asthma. Diabetes. Epilepsy. Migraine. Porphyria. SLE. Hepatic hemangiomas. Do initial complete physical (include Pap smear, mammogram, BP) and repeat annually. Nursing mothers: not recommended. Pharmacologic Class: Progestin. [empr.com]

  Angioedema, anaphylactic shock, and dermatologic reactions have been reported in users. Between 1 and 5% of the medroxyprogesterone users reported hot flashes and acne vulgaris. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] or as a diagnostic test for pregnancy Active thrombophlebitis, or current or past history of thromboembolic disorders, or cerebral vascular disease History or suspected malignancy of breast Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding Known anaphylactic reaction or angioedema [reference.medscape.com]

• Eruptions

  The eruption cleared several weeks after discontinuation of the medication. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  (erythema multiforme) acute eruptions on the legs bleeding eruption intolerance to contact lenses migraine dizziness abnormal involuntary movement nervousness mood disturbances irritability exacerbation of epilepsy dementia porphyria (abdominal pain, [rxlist.com]

• Pruritus

  Skin Sensitivity reactions consisting of urticaria, pruritus, edema and generalized rash have occurred. Acne, Sensitivity reactions consisting of urticaria, pruritus, edema and generalized rash have occurred. [rxlist.com]

  Skin: rash, pain, induration, sterile abscesses, acne, pruritus, melasma, alopecia, hirsutism. Other: breast tenderness, enlargement, or secretion. [glowm.com]

  […] cervical secretions, galactorrhea, breast tenderness and secretion, cervical erosions, pelvic pain, infertility Hepatic: jaundice Metabolic: fluid retention, hyperglycemia Musculoskeletal: leg cramps, back pain Respiratory: pulmonary embolism Skin: pruritus [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Visual Impairment

  Injection site abscess, injection site infection, injection site nodule/lump, injection site pain/tenderness, injection site persistent atrophy/indentation/dimpling[Ref] Ocular Frequency not reported: Retinal embolism and thrombosis, cataract diabetic, visual [drugs.com]

• Euphoria

  […] spotting change in menstrual flow amenorrhea changes in cervical erosion and cervical secretions breast tenderness and galactorrhea erectile dysfunction Nervous System Disorders headache dizziness somnolence convulsions Psychiatric Disorders nervousness euphoria [rxlist.com]

  […] formation Postmarketing reports: Chest pain, osteoporosis including osteoporotic fractures, loss of bone mineral density, scleroderma[Ref] Psychiatric Common (1% to 10%): Depression, insomnia, anxiety, irritability, decreased libido Uncommon (0.1% to 1%): Euphoria [drugs.com]

  Incidence not known infertility / Delayed / Incidence not known dyspareunia / Delayed / Incidence not known impotence (erectile dysfunction) / Delayed / Incidence not known galactorrhea / Delayed / Incidence not known migraine / Early / Incidence not known euphoria [pdr.net]

• Secondary Amenorrhea

  Dysfunctional uterine bleeding; secondary amenorrhea; parenteral form (Depo-Provera) used in adjunctive, palliative treatment of inoperable, recurrent, and metastatic endometrial or renal carcinoma; contraception; endometriosis-associated pain. [robholland.com]

  Used as a contraceptive and to treat secondary amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, pain associated with endometriosis, endometrial and renal cell carcinomas, paraphilia in males, GnRH-dependent forms of precocious puberty, as well as to prevent endometrial [drugs.ncats.io]

  […] maturation, ovulation, and pregnancy Availability Suspension for depot injection: 150 mg/ml, 400 mg/ml Suspension for depot subcutaneous injection: 104 mg/0.65 ml in prefilled single-use syringes Tablets: 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg ⊘ Indications and dosages ➣ Secondary [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Secondary amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding due to hormonal imbalance without organic pathology. Adult: Use lowest effective dose for shortest duration. Reevaluate periodically. [empr.com]

• Headache

  ☞ Assess for visual disturbances and headache. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  The common side effects of using Medroxyprogesterone acetate are headache, nausea (feeling sick), weight gain, breast pain, and unusual vaginal bleeding or spotting. Most of these symptoms are temporary. [1mg.com]

  Central Nervous System Mental depression, insomnia, somnolence, dizziness, headache, nervousness. [rxlist.com]

  Side Effects Nausea, bloating, headache, changes in appetite, weight gain, tiredness, swelling, acne, hot flashes, breast tenderness, or irritation/pain at the injection site may occur. [webmd.com]

• Insomnia

  […] legs or hands weakness jaundice chest pain, cough, rapid breathing In case of Menopause it may also lead to vaginal bleedings breast lump severe pelvic pain lupus, asthma, epilepsy Apart from these it also has some less serious side effects such as insomnia [lybrate.com]

  Adverse effects Acne, dysmenorrhoea, birth defects if taken during pregnancy, headache, breast tenderness, increased facial hair, decreased scalp hair, insomnia, abdominal pain/discomfort, dizziness, asthenia (weakness or fatigue), and weight changes. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Central Nervous System Mental depression, insomnia, somnolence, dizziness, headache, nervousness. [rxlist.com]

  Adverse Reactions: Abnormal uterine bleeding, weight or menstrual or cervical changes, breast tenderness, mastodynia, galactorrhea, thromboembolic disorders, acne, hirsutism, alopecia, edema, neuro-ocular lesions, depression, insomnia, somnolence, dizziness [empr.com]

• Irritability

  Including Acute Oral Tox, Skin Sensitization, Eye Irritation, Aquatic Tox, & more. [api.chemchart.com]

  irritation, lumps, redness or scarring in the place where the medication was injected Some side effects can be serious. [medlineplus.gov]

  Central Nervous System Headache; migraine; dizziness; mental depression; chorea; nervousness; mood disturbances; irritability; exacerbation of epilepsy, dementia. [rxlist.com]

  ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: When heated to decomposition this compound emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. [cameochemicals.noaa.gov]

  Side Effects Nausea, bloating, headache, changes in appetite, weight gain, tiredness, swelling, acne, hot flashes, breast tenderness, or irritation/pain at the injection site may occur. [webmd.com]

• Tremor

  Toxicity was frequent, occurring in 83% vs. 74% of patients: increased appetite, nausea and dizziness in more than 20%, and a preponderance of pyrosis and breathlessness on MA and hot flashes, sweating and tremors on MPA. [rug.nl]

  Tell your doctor if you notice any of the following and it worries you: Nervousness or difficulty concentrating; Difficulty sleeping or increased sleepiness, drowsiness or fatigue; Depression or excitation; Dizziness; Headache; Tremor; Skin conditions [myvmc.com]

• Vertigo

  […] reports: Paralysis, facial palsy, paresthesia, drowsiness[Ref] Other Very common (10% or more): Headache (up to 16.5%) Common (1% to 10%): Asthenia, fatigue, edema /fluid retention, breast pain, breast tenderness Frequency not reported: Chills, fever, vertigo [drugs.com]

However, the weight gain was due to increased body fat, while fat-free mass was not significantly influenced by MPA treatment. [oadoi.org]

Adenocarcinoma, Prostate 1 3 Completed Treatment Hypermenorrhea 1 3 Completed Treatment Menopause / Osteoporosis 1 3 Completed Treatment Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma 1 3 Completed Treatment Osteoporosis 1 3 Completed Treatment Rejection, Transplant [drugbank.ca]

Although six of seven patients were negative for FOXO-1 before and after treatment, all the patients showed increased developments of FOXO-1 during MPA treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis of breast cancer patients with liver metastases is extremely poor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Multimedia: Slideshows, Images & Quizzes Related Disease Conditions Endometriosis (Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and Prognosis) Endometriosis implants are most commonly found on the ovaries, the Fallopian tubes, outer surfaces of the uterus or intestines [medicinenet.com]

Among such diseases, malignant tumors have widely been studied with respect to their relation to neovascularization, and it has come to be elucidated that neovascularization is crucial in the metastasis and prognosis of malignant tumors. [patents.google.com]

AIP Conference Proceedings 2092 (1), 040022, 2019 2019Decreased Expression of CDC25A in Azoospermia as the Etiology of Spermatogenesis Failure DA Suryandari, YH Midoen, L Yunaini, S Setyaningsih, HJ Freisleben Journal of reproduction & infertility 19 [scholar.google.com]

While the etiology of PCOS is complex and not completely understood, the syndrome is characterized by oligo/anovulation with polycystic ovaries and increased androgen secretion resulting in acne and hirsutism [2]. [pulsus.com]

Author information 1 Department of Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359927, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA. [email protected] 2 Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. [email protected] 3 Department [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Methods : After reviewing its pathophysiology and preclinical studies, the main clinical trials on the use of medroxyprogesterone acetate in cancer cachexia, are reviewed. [oadoi.org]

Leptin: physiology and pathophysiology. Clin Physiol 1998;18:399–419. ↵ Hardie L, Trayhurn P, Abramovich D, Fowler P. Circulating leptin in women: a longitudinal study in the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. [erj.ersjournals.com]

Also, the disturbances in the endothelial function play an important role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, and several lines of evidence suggest that interventions in the endothelial function could modify the progression of cardiovascular [scielo.br]

Recently, several effective agents have been developed to prevent CINV, and CINV can be prevented in 70%-80% of patients receiving chemotherapies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Medroxyprogesterone acetate is used primarily as a contraceptive; it is injected every three months, inhibiting gonadotropin secretion which, in turn, prevents follicular maturation and ovulation, and causes endometrial thinning. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]