A meibomian cyst (also known as chalazion) arises when the outflow of the meibomian glands in the eyelids is blocked, leading to the accumulation of the secretions produced and the formation of a cyst [1] [2] [3] [4]. It is defined as a benign lipogranulomatous collection that develops from non-infectious causes, which is the crucial feature distinguishing it from a stye, which is formed because of a bacterial infection [4] [5] [6]. The clinical presentation is characterized by the appearance of a painless lump on the eyelid that grows over a period of days or weeks [1] [2]. The lump exhibits a variable degree of tenderness, swelling, and redness (depending on the stage) that often overlaps with the presentation of a stye, but all of the aforementioned signs eventually subside [1] [4]. Both upper and lower eyelids may be the location of a meibomian cyst, which can sometimes appear in multiple sites [4]. In some cases, the cyst may be large enough to induce mechanical ptosis or astigmatism, leading to symptoms such as blurred vision and deficits in the visual field [1] [4]. A cosmetic discomfort is also an important complaint and is often the main reason for a visit to the physician [4]. Several cutaneous disorders have been associated with an increased risk for meibomian cyst formation, including rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, and blepharitis [1] [4].

• Blepharitis

  Blepharitis Blepharitis means inflammation of the eyelids. Blepharitis can be a troublesome and recurring condition with no one-off cure. [evidence.nhs.uk]

  Preferred Name meibomian cyst Synonyms Chalazion meibomian gland lipogranuloma Definitions A blepharitis that is characterized as a cyst in the eyelid that is caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland, usually on the upper eyelid. [bioportal.bioontology.org]

  Aetiology Blockage of Meibomian gland duct with retention and stagnation of secretion May occur spontaneously or follow an acute hordeolum (internal) Predisposing factors Chronic blepharitis Rosacea Seborrhoeic dermatitis Pregnancy Diabetes mellitus Symptoms [college-optometrists.org]

  From Wikidata Jump to navigation Jump to search blepharitis that is characterized as a cyst in the eyelid that is caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland, usually on the upper eyelid Chalazion meibomian gland lipogranuloma Meibomian Cyst Cyst [wikidata.org]

• Conjunctival Injection

  Common signs of DES include conjunctival injection, decreased tear meniscus, photophobia, increased tear debris, and loss of corneal sheen found more commonly in the exposed interpalpebral fissure. [slideshare.net]

With a properly conducted physical examination and a meticulously obtained patient history, the initial diagnosis of a meibomian cyst can be easily made. The typical appearance of a lump on the eyelid without the presence of pain (mainly seen when a stye develops) is a hallmark of this clinical entity. Some patients report ineffective use of topical antimicrobials [1], which points to a non-infectious type of inflammation. Although the physician can clearly visualize the lesion and make a solid diagnosis based on physical findings only [1], some authors recommend further evaluation of the lump through histopathological methods [2] [3] [6]. The primary reason is that several tumors, particularly sebaceous cell carcinoma (carrying a mortality rate of 20% in the absence of an early diagnosis and up to 50% when tumor spreading occurs) have an identical clinical presentation [2] [3] [5]. Disruption of the skin and ulceration are suggested as signs indicative of a malignancy instead of a meibomian cyst [1], but they may not always be present. The identification of a lipogranulomatous content and multinucleated giant cells with an abundant white blood cell infiltrate are main findings on microscopy of meibomian cysts [6]. Noninvasive meibography, designed to evaluate the morphology of the meibomian glands, is a potentially useful procedure to discriminate between a chalazion and a sebaceous cell carcinoma [5].

• Microsporum

  Giant Chalazion. 61 Lloyd M...Wasserman BN 30454715 2018 28 A case report of eyelid Merkel cell carcinoma occurring under treatment with nivolumab for a lung adenocarcinoma. 61 Lavacchi D...Mini E 30348121 2018 29 Eyelid tinea with blepharitis due to Microsporum [malacards.org]

1. Arbabi EM, Kelly RJ, Carrim ZI. Chalazion. BMJ. 2010;341:c4044.
2. Ozdal PC, Codère F, Callejo S, Caissie AL, Burnier MN. Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of chalazion. Eye (Lond). 2004;18(2):135-138.
3. Al-Mujaini A, Sabt B, Al-Hadabi I. It is not chalazion. Oman J Ophthalmol. 2013;6(1):63-69.
4. Gilchrist H, Lee G. Management of chalazia in general practice. Aust Fam Physician. 2009 May;38(5):311-314.
5. Nemoto Y, Arita R, Mizota A, Sasajima Y. Differentiation between chalazion and sebaceous carcinoma by noninvasive meibography. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:1869-1875.
6. Ahuja S, Rao VA, Kumar P, Rajesh N, Srinivasan R. Sebaceoma of the Conjunctiva Presenting as a Chalazion. Indian J Dermatol. 2014;59(5):521-522.