Patients presenting with and without menstruation disorders were evaluated to determine if they presented concomitant hyperprolactinemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pleural Effusion

  A right posterior pleural mass and pleural effusion were found. A pleural biopsy was taken and confirmed at histology as endometrial tissue. She did well on surgical excision and hormonal therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Abdominal Pain

  Additionally, 76% of healthy controls reported having abdominal pain consistent most probably with dysmenorrhea. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The pain usually begins when menses start (or just before) and persists for the first 1 to 2 days; this pain, described as spasmodic, is superimposed over constant lower abdominal pain, which may radiate to the back or thigh. [merckmanuals.com]

  The abdominal pain, backaches, and nausea during a woman’s period can actually affect how she thinks and feels, reducing her cognitive ability. [medicaldaily.com]

  Patients may present with other symptoms common to early pregnancy, including nausea, breast fullness, fatigue, low abdominal pain, heavy cramping, shoulder pain, and recent dyspareunia. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Abdominal Cramps

  Your period may be accompanied by abdominal cramps and other physical sensations like breast sensitivity, bloating, and diarrhea. For cramps and minor pain, you can take over-the-counter pain reliever medications like Ibuprofen. [sexualityandu.ca]

  Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) Symptoms of PMS may include abdominal cramps and bloating Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) or premenstrual tension (PMT) is a collection of emotional, psychological, and physical symptoms that are linked to a woman's menstrual cycle [medicalnewstoday.com]

  You may experience abdominal cramps. These cramps are caused by the contraction of the uterine and the abdominal muscles to expel the menstrual fluid. [menstrupedia.com]

• Periorbital Fullness

  Examination findings included right periorbital fullness and subconjunctival hemorrhage. Extensive serologic and radiographic workup ruled out other potential causes of recurrent orbital hemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Angioedema

  The use of tranexamic acid in secondary and idiopathic angioedema should be considered. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Broad Nasal Bridge

  The girl manifested microcephaly, hypertelorism, flat facial profile, prominent forehead, thick scalp hair, upslanting palpebral fissures, broad nasal bridge, bulbous nose, right simian crease, bilateral clinodactyly of the fifth fingers, bilateral pes [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dysmenorrhea

  Migraine has been associated with menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea, and endometriosis, the latter particularly in chronic migraine. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Risk factors for primary dysmenorrhea include: early age at menarche, long or heavy menstrual periods, smoking, and a family history of dysmenorrhea. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Prevalence and impact of dysmenorrhea on hispanic female adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med Dec 2000; 154: 1226–1229. Google Scholar 10. Klien J, Litt l. Epidemiology of adolescent dysmenorrhea. Pediatrics 1981; 68: 661–664. Google Scholar 11. [doi.org]

• Vaginal Bleeding

  A 37-year-old woman experienced monthly vaginal bleeding after hysterectomy. At laparoscopy a tubo-ovarian endometriotic mass was revealed with a fistula into the vaginal vault. The mass was adherent to the left ureter and the sigmoid colon. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  bleeding N93.0 Postcoital and contact bleeding N93.1 Pre-pubertal vaginal bleeding N93.8 Other specified abnormal uterine and vaginal bleeding N93.9 Abnormal uterine and vaginal bleeding, unspecified N94 Pain and other conditions associated with female [icd10data.com]

  Also called: Menses, Menstrual period, Period On this page See, Play and Learn No links available Summary Menstruation, or period, is normal vaginal bleeding that occurs as part of a woman's monthly cycle. [nlm.nih.gov]

  Symptoms and Signs Spotting refers to very light vaginal bleeding or brown discharge that occurs between menstrual periods. [medicinenet.com]

• Dyspareunia

  N94.11 Superficial (introital) dyspareunia Reimbursement claims with a date of service on or after October 1, 2015 require the use of ICD-10-CM codes. [icd10data.com]

  Patients may present with other symptoms common to early pregnancy, including nausea, breast fullness, fatigue, low abdominal pain, heavy cramping, shoulder pain, and recent dyspareunia. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Irritability

  Ginger for Nausea, Menstrual Cramps, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Powdered ginger can be a highly effective, cheap, easy-to-use, safer treatment for nausea, migraine headaches, and menstrual blood loss and pain. [nutritionfacts.org]

  Many women are so used to dealing with irregular periods, cramps, irritability and bloating that they assume PMS is part of a normal menstrual cycle. It’s not. [womenshealthnetwork.com]

  Besides bleeding from the vagina, you may have Abdominal or pelvic cramping pain Lower back pain Bloating and sore breasts Food cravings Mood swings and irritability Headache and fatigue Premenstrual syndrome, or PMS, is a group of symptoms that start [nlm.nih.gov]

  The most frequently reported problems include fluid retention and bloating, breast tenderness, irritability and depression, skin blemishes, fatigue, and carbohydrate cravings. [health.howstuffworks.com]

• Behavior Problem

  To present an array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) characterization of a 12p11.22-p11.21 microdeletion and 22q11.2 microduplication in an adolescent girl with autism, mental retardation, facial dysmorphism, microcephaly, behavior problems, and [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hyperalgesia

  […] significantly greater than the controls during the menstruation [dysmenorrhoeics vs. controls mean (SD): 58 (19) mm vs. 31 (21) mm, p CONCLUSIONS: These data show that compared with controls, women who experience severe recurrent dysmenorrhoea have deep-tissue hyperalgesia [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Extensive serologic and radiographic workup ruled out other potential causes of recurrent orbital hemorrhage. The patient was diagnosed with orbital vicarious menstruation and treated with oral contraceptive pills, with marked clinical improvement. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

These can be ruled out by means of blood tests (see Workup ). Finally, endometrial malignancy, though rare in women younger than 40 years, should also be on the differential diagnosis for adolescents with irregular menses. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Enlarged Sella

  Despite normal menses and pregnancy, the radiologic findings of an enlarged sella turcica and an enhanced lesion on CAT scan were identified. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pleural Effusion

  A right posterior pleural mass and pleural effusion were found. A pleural biopsy was taken and confirmed at histology as endometrial tissue. She did well on surgical excision and hormonal therapy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Efficacy, disturbance in bleeding patterns in the treatment and post-treatment cycles, satisfaction with the treatment, and subsequent contraception preference were analysed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Although tumour size 2 cm is negatively associated with DFS, RM after CIA is not associated with poor prognosis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis for menstrual cramps varies from good to fair as sometimes they will disappear after pregnancy and often are well-controlled by NSAIDs. Underlying causes such as fibroids, when removed or treated, can cause menstrual cramps to stop. [emedicinehealth.com]

Devoto and Aravena [ 32 ] found that in teenagers with hypothalamic dysfunction and menstrual disturbances, a deficient or bad response to clomiphene does not necessarily indicate a bad prognosis in terms of menses or fertility. [doi.org]

A third of these occur in pregnancy or post-partum period and a variation in hormonal levels is thought to play an etiologic role. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] associated with ambiguous genitalia, hyperandrogenism, and Cushing syndrome. [11] Yet another method of categorizing the etiologies of primary amenorrhea involves evaluating the components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis as well as the [emedicine.medscape.com]

Author information 1 Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK [email protected] 2 MRC-PHE Centre for the Environment and Health, London, UK. 3 Population [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology of adolescent dysmenorrhea. Pediatrics 1981; 68: 661–664. Google Scholar 11. Chaturvedi SK, Chandra PS. Socio cultural aspects of menstrual attitudes and premenstrual experiences in India. Soc Sci Med 1991; 32: 349–351. [doi.org]

Point prevalence : the prevalence at a certain point of time (eg. at a certain reporting date) The comparison of the point prevalence at different points of time is better suited for the assessment of the epidemiological dynamics of a disease than the [flexikon.doccheck.com]

[…] reducing the frequency of menstruation and ovulation might reduce the risk of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers and even extend fertility, but these ideas have not been proven by scientific study. 5 The association that has been identified in epidemiological [nwhn.org]

Prostaglandin inhibitors used for management of dysmenorrhea are effective for associated menstrual migraine, suggesting a common pathophysiology. The interplay between serotonin and estrogen also deserves further research. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

As noted (see Pathophysiology ), cycles are not consistently ovulatory for the first few years after menarche, especially if menarche occurs at a later age. [emedicine.medscape.com]

As iron storage is known to be a triggering factor of porphyria cutanea tarda, the possible role of menstruation as natural phlebotomy to prevent porphyria cutanea tarda exacerbation is discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]