Symptoms depend on which components of the syndrome are present. Hypertension typically produces no symptoms but may present with blurred vision and headaches. [emedicinehealth.com]

These metabolic derangements present significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is commonly recognized as the primary clinical outcome, although other outcomes are possible. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Abdominal Obesity

  obesity is complicated, in part because of differences in the relation of abdominal obesity to other metabolic risk factors. [doi.org]

  At least 3 of the 5 following criteria must be met to diagnose a person with metabolic syndrome: Abdominal obesity: waist circumference of ≥102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women Hypertriglyceridemia: ≥150 mg/dl (1.695 mmol/L) Low HDL-C: < 40 mg/dL (1.04 mmol [diabetes.co.uk]

  In her forties she had hypertension, mixed hyperlipidaemia, mild hyperglycaemia and moderate abdominal obesity, suggesting the presence of the metabolic syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Weight Gain

  Olanzapine (Zyprexa) - weight gain, hyperglycemia Sodium valproate and valproic acid (Depakote) - weight gain Clozapine (clozaril) - weight gain, hyperglycemia Quetiapine (Seroquel) - weight gain, hyperglycemia Risperidone (Risperdal) - weight gain, hyperglycemia [verywellhealth.com]

  In addition to weight gain, higher consumption of SSBs is associated with development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  SSBs are thought to lead to weight gain by virtue of their high sugar content and incomplete compensation for total energy at subsequent meals after intake of liquid calories ( 7 ). [dx.doi.org]

• Fatigue

  The build-up of fat around the waist is a sign of the risk of metabolic syndrome, while high blood sugar could lead to symptoms of type 2 diabetes such as increased thirst and urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. [healthdirect.gov.au]

  And if your blood sugar is high, you might notice the signs and symptoms of diabetes — such as increased thirst and urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. [mayoclinic.org]

  Symptoms of high blood sugar often include increased thirst; increased urination, especially at night; fatigue (tiredness); and blurred vision. High blood pressure usually has no signs or symptoms. [medicinenet.com]

• Coronary Atherosclerosis

  The notion that people can be "fat but fit" is being challenged by a study showing a high prevalence of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in obese subjects with no evidence of metabolic syndrome. [medpagetoday.com]

  The metabolic syndrome, its component risk factors, and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Archives of Internal Medicine 170, 478 – 484. Begg, CB, Mazumdar, M ( 1994 ). Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. [doi.org]

  Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S) and the Air Force/Texas Coronary Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (AFCAPS/TexCAPS). [care.diabetesjournals.org]

• Weakness

  Moreover, studies indicate that common genetic variants are associated with the development of this syndrome, although the associations are quite weak and replication of findings has been poor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Based on the correlations between the components in the syndrome, we propose a core complex including hyperinsulinaemia, obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia and low HDL-cholesterol with only weak associations to glucose concentrations and blood pressure levels [doi.org]

• Nausea

  ⇑ Insomnia, nausea, dry mouth, and constipation were more common in patients receiving sibutramine, occurring at frequency rates of 7-20%. [dx.doi.org]

  Insomnia, nausea, dry mouth, and constipation were more common in patients receiving sibutramine, occurring at frequency rates of 7-20%. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Gastrointestinal symptoms (transient abdominal pain, diarrhea or nausea) are the most common side effects reported for metformin use (81). [frontiersin.org]

• Vomiting

  This condition can result from fasting and anorexia nervosa ; persistent vomiting (as in bulimia nervosa) or inability to swallow ; impaired digestion and intestinal malabsorption; or chronic illnesses that result in loss of appetite (e.g., cancer, AIDS [britannica.com]

• Hypertension

  RESULTS: Metabolic syndrome frequency was 43.3% overall, without significance between genders (P=0.14); but women had higher risk for obesity (OR 2.56, 95%CI 1.02-6.41; P=0.04) and systemic arterial hypertension (OR 3.29, 95%CI 1.39-7.81; P=0.006). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Hypotension

  Diabetics and those on hypotensive medication were assigned to the top glucose and blood pressure quintiles, respectively. [doi.org]

• Xanthelasma

  […] shortness of breath: Suggesting the rise of cardiovascular and other complications Acanthosis nigricans, hirsutism, peripheral neuropathy, and retinopathy: In patients with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia or with diabetes mellitus Xanthomas or xanthelasmas [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Hyperhidrosis

  Skin infections Candida albicans Tinea infections Erythrasma Folliculitis, furunculosis Altered collagen structure and function Impaired wound healing Sweating Hyperhidrosis Bromhidrosis Intertrigo Polycystic ovary syndrome Acne Hirsutism Androgenetic [dermnetnz.org]

• Stroke

  Metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for neurological disorders such as stroke, depression and Alzheimer's disease. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In recent studies, the metabolic syndrome was also identified as an independent risk factor for stroke. [haematologica.org]

  Metabolic syndrome is a group of five risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing heart disease, diabetes, and stroke. [healthline.com]

Thomas Jensen, Amanda Wieland, Melanie Cree-Green, Kristen Nadeau and Shelby Sullivan, Clinical workup of fatty liver for the primary care provider, Postgraduate Medicine, 10.1080/00325481.2019.1546532, (1-12), (2018). [dx.doi.org]

(See Prognosis, Workup, Treatment, and Medication .) [emedicine.medscape.com]

Furthermore, advanced cardiovascular indicators such as lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, and C reactive protein (an indicator of endothelial inflammatory response) should be part of the routine workup of anyone suspected of Metabolic Syndrome. [drlam.com]

• Dyslipidemia

  We determined the prevalence and determinant factors of high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemias and metabolic syndrome in Ethiopia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  The major components of metabolic syndrome x include excess abdominal fat; atherogenic dyslipidemia; hypertension; hyperglycemia; insulin resistance; a proinflammatory state; and a prothrombotic (thrombosis) state. [icd9data.com]

• Hyperinsulinemia

  So, if you have diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, high cholesterol levels, or high blood pressure, you should be under the care of a doctor to get those conditions under control. [texasheart.org]

  We previously reported a syndrome of severe hyperinsulinemia and early-onset hypertension in three patients with dominant-negative mutations in the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  In these conditions, deterioration of glucose tolerance can only be prevented if the β-cell is able to increase its insulin secretory response and maintain a state of chronic hyperinsulinemia. [dx.doi.org]

• Hyperglycemia

  Olanzapine (Zyprexa) - weight gain, hyperglycemia Sodium valproate and valproic acid (Depakote) - weight gain Clozapine (clozaril) - weight gain, hyperglycemia Quetiapine (Seroquel) - weight gain, hyperglycemia Risperidone (Risperdal) - weight gain, hyperglycemia [verywellhealth.com]

  Increased waist- hip ratio was an independent predictor of raised blood pressure, hyperglycemia and raised total cholesterol. Our study showed significantly high prevalence of raised blood pressure, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in Ethiopia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Glucose Increased

  This means you have type 2 diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, or impaired glucose tolerance. The impaired glucose tolerance test measures the body's response to sugar. [hopkinsmedicine.org]

• Insulin Increased

  The key is to slow down carbohydrate absorption while increasing insulin sensitivity. [drlam.com]

To investigate the link between insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome how to develop treatment approaches. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Reviewed on 11/20/2017 Sources: Patient Comments & Reviews Metabolic Syndrome - Effective Treatments Please describe what treatments have been effective for metabolic syndrome. [emedicinehealth.com]

[…] tool=bestpractice.com [2] National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). [bestpractice.bmj.com]

ALMS may have an adverse prognosis and is often underdiagnosed. Its mild form, which allows a long survival, may also be associated with the late complications of the metabolic syndrome, leading to increased vascular risk. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Long Term Prognosis Long term prognosis is good, if the syndrome is treated. [liversupport.com]

Therefore, the pathogenic etiology may be akin to aspects of the metabolic syndrome via microvascular injury and neoangiogenesis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Applicable To Dysmetabolic syndrome X Use Additional Use Additional Help Certain conditions have both an underlying etiology and multiple body system manifestations due to the underlying etiology. [icd10data.com]

Based on these considerations the possibility is raised that resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and hyperinsulinemia are involved in the etiology and clinical course of three major related diseases— NIDDM, hypertension, and CAD. [dx.doi.org]

Copyright information: Copyright 2007 Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health Linked Articles In this issue Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 2007; 61 657-657 Published Online First: 13 Jul 2007. [dx.doi.org]

Pratley From the Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Phoenix, AZ Search for other works by this author on: Clifton Bogardus From the Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research [aje.oxfordjournals.org]

This review provides summary of literature related to the syndrome's definition, epidemiology, underlying pathogenesis, and treatment approaches of each of the risk factors comprising metabolic syndrome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

We present 3 cases of extreme syndromic insulin resistance: lipodystrophy, autoantibodies to the insulin receptor, and mutations in the insulin receptor gene, with accompanying discussion of pathophysiology and treatment. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Over the last couple of decades, studies exploring these diseases have uncovered some of the complex pathophysiological mechanisms involved, resulting in the identification of a plethora of interconnected physiological, pathophysiological, biochemical [newswise.com]

Metformin treatment was about half as potent as lifestyle change for type 2 diabetes prevention and even less effective for metabolic syndrome prevention. [doi.org]

The Diabetes Prevention Program was a randomized controlled clinical trial of intensive lifestyle and metformin treatments versus standard care in 3234 subjects at high risk for type 2 diabetes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

A BMI of less than 25 is the goal for prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome. [liversupport.com]