Presentation
Edited by two internationally recognized pioneers in the area, this volume presents up-to-date information on the chemical, biological, physical, and societal hazards that confront children in today's world: pesticides, indoor and outdoor air pollution [books.google.com]
Other manifestations of chronic exposure are as follows: Anorexia Hepatotoxicity Renal toxicity CNS disturbances Skin irritation See Presentation for more detail. Diagnosis The history of exposure is the most important piece of information. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Clinical presentation included epigastric pain, abdominal swelling, bloody diarrhoea, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and ascites. [flipper.diff.org]
Granular pesticides seem to present very little hazard. Ultra-low volume (ULV) formulations of some pesticides are much more toxic than regular sprays. [aces.edu]
Entire Body System
- Unconsciousness
[…] onset, are the primary clinical effects of acute organochlorine toxicity; therefore, patients may present with any of the following: Initial euphoria with auditory or visual hallucinations and perceptual disturbances Seizures Agitation, lethargy, or unconsciousness [emedicine.medscape.com]
Severe or Acute Poisoning fever, intense thirst, increased rate of breathing, vomiting, uncontrollable muscle twitches, pinpoint pupils, convulsions, inability to breathe, unconsciousness. [articles.extension.org]
- Infertility
In this study, the possible effect of Methoxychlor was investigated on the hormone level of LH, FSH, testosterone, spermatogenesis and its possible role in male infertility. [eprints.skums.ac.ir]
Methoxychlor was banned after it was found to mimic estrogen, acting as a reproductive toxin leading to infertility in animals. It turned up in human breast milk, and it is assumed to be able to cross the placenta. [newsweek.com]
Gastrointestinal
- Nausea
Mild Poisoning or Early Symptoms of Acute Poisoning headache, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, restlessness, nervousness, perspiration, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, loss of weight, thirst, moodiness, soreness in joints, skin irritation, eye irritation [articles.extension.org]
[…] euphoria with auditory or visual hallucinations and perceptual disturbances Seizures Agitation, lethargy, or unconsciousness Other signs and symptoms include the following: Pulmonary - Cough, shortness of breath Dermatologic - Skin rash Gastrointestinal - Nausea [emedicine.medscape.com]
Chronic xylene exposure may result in more serious symptoms: leukopenia (depression of WBC’s), depression of blood clotting factors, liver and renal damage, increase in biliary enzymes, nausea, vomiting, headache and dizziness. [metabolichealing.com]
DDT general factsheet. 1999 CLINICAL ACUTE POISONING Acute effects likely in humans due to low to moderate exposure may include nausea, diarrhea, increased liver enzyme activity, irritation (of the eyes, nose or throat), disturbed gait, malaise and excitability [flipper.diff.org]
- Vomiting
Severe or Acute Poisoning fever, intense thirst, increased rate of breathing, vomiting, uncontrollable muscle twitches, pinpoint pupils, convulsions, inability to breathe, unconsciousness. [articles.extension.org]
diarrhea, and abdominal pain Nervous system - Headache, dizziness, or paresthesias of the face, tongue, and extremities Ingestion produces the following manifestations: Nausea and vomiting Confusion, tremor, myoclonus, coma, and seizures Respiratory [emedicine.medscape.com]
Chronic xylene exposure may result in more serious symptoms: leukopenia (depression of WBC’s), depression of blood clotting factors, liver and renal damage, increase in biliary enzymes, nausea, vomiting, headache and dizziness. [metabolichealing.com]
Acute toxicity of pesticides causes a range of effects on bees, which can include agitation, vomiting, wing paralysis, arching of the abdomen similar to sting reflex, and uncoordinated movement. [en.wikipedia.org]
- Abdominal Pain
pain Nervous system - Headache, dizziness, or paresthesias of the face, tongue, and extremities Ingestion produces the following manifestations: Nausea and vomiting Confusion, tremor, myoclonus, coma, and seizures Respiratory depression or failure Unusual [emedicine.medscape.com]
Internal Exposure: Weakness, shaking, vomiting, cough, difficulty in breathing, intense thirst External Exposure: Irritates eyes, nose, and throat Chronic Exposure: Pain in eyes and nose; nosebleeds; abdominal pain Chemical Family: Metal Phosphides [articles.extension.org]
Cardiovascular
- Tachycardia
[…] hydrocarbon levels (can be measured, but not clinically helpful nor routinely available) Possible abnormal findings by organ system are as follows: Pulmonary - Increased A-a gradient, hypoxemia (see the A-a Gradient calculator) Cardiovascular - Sinus tachycardia [emedicine.medscape.com]
Neurologic
- Tremor
Skin rash Gastrointestinal - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain Nervous system - Headache, dizziness, or paresthesias of the face, tongue, and extremities Ingestion produces the following manifestations: Nausea and vomiting Confusion, tremor [emedicine.medscape.com]
[…] example Thailand and South Africa) for this purpose The DDT Story MOLECULAR MECHANISM DDT affects mainly the peripheral nervous system, initial contact with the insecticide causing neurons to fire spontaneously causing muscles to twitch, with resulting tremors [flipper.diff.org]
Abnormal sensations as of prickling, burning, or itching, as well as tremors or even convulsions may follow exposure to appreciable amounts, according to a standard textbook of toxicology. [renchemista.wordpress.com]
[…] membranes Chronic Exposure: Chemical Family: Cycloheximide - Acti-dione(T) Type of Pesticide: Fungicides Action on Human System: Irritates stomach and intestine; injury to kidneys, brain lining, and nervous system Symptoms: Internal Exposure: Excitement, tremors [articles.extension.org]
- Dizziness
Mild Poisoning or Early Symptoms of Acute Poisoning headache, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, restlessness, nervousness, perspiration, nausea, diarrhea, loss of appetite, loss of weight, thirst, moodiness, soreness in joints, skin irritation, eye irritation [articles.extension.org]
Seizures Agitation, lethargy, or unconsciousness Other signs and symptoms include the following: Pulmonary - Cough, shortness of breath Dermatologic - Skin rash Gastrointestinal - Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain Nervous system - Headache, dizziness [emedicine.medscape.com]
Chronic xylene exposure may result in more serious symptoms: leukopenia (depression of WBC’s), depression of blood clotting factors, liver and renal damage, increase in biliary enzymes, nausea, vomiting, headache and dizziness. [metabolichealing.com]
- Irritability
irritation of the nose and throat. [articles.extension.org]
Other manifestations of chronic exposure are as follows: Anorexia Hepatotoxicity Renal toxicity CNS disturbances Skin irritation See Presentation for more detail. Diagnosis The history of exposure is the most important piece of information. [emedicine.medscape.com]
DDT general factsheet. 1999 CLINICAL ACUTE POISONING Acute effects likely in humans due to low to moderate exposure may include nausea, diarrhea, increased liver enzyme activity, irritation (of the eyes, nose or throat), disturbed gait, malaise and excitability [flipper.diff.org]
- Agitation
[…] depression, typically abrupt in onset, are the primary clinical effects of acute organochlorine toxicity; therefore, patients may present with any of the following: Initial euphoria with auditory or visual hallucinations and perceptual disturbances Seizures Agitation [emedicine.medscape.com]
Acute toxicity of pesticides causes a range of effects on bees, which can include agitation, vomiting, wing paralysis, arching of the abdomen similar to sting reflex, and uncoordinated movement. [en.wikipedia.org]
Workup
[…] prolongation, nonspecific ST-segment changes Gastrointestinal - Transaminitis and hyperbilirubinemia Hematologic - Leukocytosis and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) Renal - Acidemia, azotemia, creatinine elevation, hyperkalemia See Workup [emedicine.medscape.com]
Treatment
الصفحة 22 - Symptoms of poisoning appeared in as short a time as 3 hours and as long as 14 days after treatment. Deaths occurred in from 3 hours to 14 days after symptoms appeared. [books.google.com]
None of the pretreatment taxa disappeared and in fact many new ones appeared, during the 10 weeks immediately following the treatment. [cambridge.org]
See Treatment and Medication for more detail. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Moreover, the p,p'-DDT-stimulated proliferation of HepG2 cells could be reversed after NAC or β-catenin siRNA co-treatment. [flipper.diff.org]
[…] dermal absorption, high lipid storage, early and late seizures occur -Endosulfan ( thiodan, cyclodan, others) high acute oral toxicity, high dermal absorption, low lipid storage, strong sulfur odor - Heptachlor (Drinox), restriced; fire ant control; soil treatment [quizlet.com]
Prognosis
The prognosis in patients exposed to organochlorine compounds depends on the amount and type of exposure. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Epidemiology
Highly toxic organochlorines include: Aldrin Dieldrin [12] Endrin [13] Endosulfan [14, 15] Moderately toxic organochlorines include: Chlordane DDT Heptachlor Kepone Lindane Mirex Toxaphene Epidemiology United States statistics Organochlorine pesticides [emedicine.medscape.com]
Limited epidemiological studies suggest that occupational pesticide exposures are associated with AD. serum levels of dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), the metabolite of the pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), were found to be elevated [flipper.diff.org]
Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology Organochlorines are well absorbed orally and by inhalation. Transdermal absorption is variable. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prevention
With this volume's emphasis upon integrating theory and practice, readers will find practical approaches to channeling scientific findings into evidence-based strategies for preventing and identifying the environmental hazards that cause disease in children [books.google.com]
Understanding and cooperation among growers and beekeepers are essential to prevent, or at least to minimize, the loss of honeybees due to the toxic effects of pesticides. [fao.org]
Decontamination may be indicated to prevent continued absorption, as well as exposure of health care personnel. For dermal decontamination, remove clothing and wash skin with soap and water. This is best performed in the field. [emedicine.medscape.com]
This data should be used to raise awareness of the risks of OCs exposure and to help establish health policies in order to avoid its use worldwide and thus, to prevent its propagation. Prenatal and Postnatal Exposure to DDT by Breast Milk Analysis. [flipper.diff.org]