We describe the case of a 19-year-old Chinese woman with hyaline vascular type of unicentric CD presenting as severe non-iron deficiency microcytic anemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

MICROCYTIC ANEMIA Presented by- Dr. Monika Nema Dr. [slideshare.net]

Based on the age and sex of the patient presenting with iron deficiency anemia depends on the most likely underlying etiology. Am Fam Physician. Evaluation of Microcytosis. 2010;82(9):1117-1122. [medgeeks.co]

No relevant family history of neurologic disorders was present. [neurology.org]

In Brazilian blood centres, about 100,000 units are not collected each year due to candidates who present low Hct thus, the blood supply is directly affected [10,14]. There were some limitations in the present study. [tandfonline.com]

• Splenomegaly

  A number of etiologic factors have been implicated, including decreased production of erythropoietin; decreased erythrocyte life span secondary to uremia and splenomegaly; increased bleeding tendency due to platelet dysfunction; and acquired lack of folic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, which is characterized by anemia with primary bone marrow involvement, involves gradual bone marrow fibrosis, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and splenomegaly with no known underlying systemic disorder. [emedicine.com]

  Thalassemia major Born without a problem, but develop severe anemia over the first year as the fetal Hgb is no longer available Typically patients do not survive past 30 years old Symptoms Bone issues – pathologic fractures, abnormal facial structures Splenomegaly [physicianassistantexamreview.com]

  Hereditary sperocytosis after splenomegaly; Note Howell-Jolly Bodies F. Extensive burns with anemia; Note severe fragmentation. First Color Plate Lower A. elliptocytes in hereditary ovalocytosis B. Stomatocytes C. Heinz Bodies in G6PD Deficiency D. [pitt.edu]

• Anemia

  Causes[edit] Typical causes of microcytic anemia include: Childhood Iron deficiency anemia,[1] by far the most common cause of anemia in general and of microcytic anemia in particular Thalassemia Sideroblastic anemia. Very rare. [en.wikipedia.org]

  […] and (4) microcytic hypochromic anemia, characterized by a reduction in red-cell size and hemoglobin concentration (frequently associated with iron-deficiency anemia but also seen in thalassemia). [britannica.com]

  We report here the first human mutation of DMT1 identified in a female with severe hypochromic microcytic anemia and iron overload. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Persons with anemia may feel tired and fatigue … Medical dictionary Anemia — For other uses, see Anemia (disambiguation). Anemia Classification and external resources ICD 10 D50 D64 ICD 9 … Wikipedia anemia — /euh nee mee euh/, n. 1. [medicine.academic.ru]

• Fatigue

  Clinical presentation One of the difficulties in diagnosing anemia is that the patient does not typically exhibit many symptoms and those which are present are things like headache, fatigue, dizziness, tachycardia, orthostatic hypertension, and exertional [physicianassistantexamreview.com]

  Mild degrees of anemia often cause only slight and vague symptoms, perhaps nothing more than easy fatigue or a lack of energy. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Persons with anemia may feel tired and fatigue … Medical dictionary Anemia — For other uses, see Anemia (disambiguation). Anemia Classification and external resources ICD 10 D50 D64 ICD 9 … Wikipedia anemia — /euh nee mee euh/, n. 1. [medicine.academic.ru]

  Some common symptoms of this type are pale skin, dizziness, conjunctivitis, short breath during exercise, fatigue, urge to eat chalk or dirt and decreased stamina. [symptoms.in]

  Clinical features, if present, are mostly nonspecific and may include fatigue, dyspnea, conjunctival pallor, and tachycardia. [amboss.com]

• Pallor

  Physical exam may show pallor of the nail beds, pallor of conjunctivae and or pallor of the palmar creases. These findings are limited at best. [physicianassistantexamreview.com]

  A normal red blood cell will have an area of pallor in the center of it; in hypochromic … Wikipedia Anemia — The condition of having less than the normal number of red blood cells or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobin in the blood. [medicine.academic.ru]

  On physical exam, a patient may present with pallor evident on hands as well as conjunctivitis, tachycardia, increased respiratory rate, exhaustion, koilonychia (spoon-shaped nails). [statpearls.com]

  This is hypochormic microcytic anemia condition Hypochormic as central pallor zone increased in most red cells Microcytic as cells are smaller than normal Anisocytosis (variation in size) Poikilocytosis (variation in shape) Common causes of Hypochromic [medical-labs.net]

  CELL TYPE: Mature red blood cell DESCRIPTION: Smaller than normal cell; MCV usually less than 80 fL; have a central pallor; normochromic or hypochromic CLINICAL CONDITIONS: Iron deficiency anemia Thalassemias Lead poisoning Anemia of chronic disease Sideroblastic [5minuteconsult.com]

• Malaise

  Clinical features Fatigue, malaise Pallor Purpura, petechiae, mucosal bleeding Infection Diagnostics CBC: pancytopenia, normocytic or macrocytic anemia Reticulocyte count: low EPO level: high Bone marrow biopsy findings Hypocellular fat-filled marrow [amboss.com]

  Burning shock sensations, aching in my joints, muscle weakness, numbness, headache/migraines, fatigue, and general malaise. I say PCP who took blood and everything came back normal. Had an MRI for MS, negative. [healthboards.com]

• Dyspepsia

  Hypochromic anemia was historically known as chlorosis or green sickness for the distinct skin tinge sometimes present in patients, in addition to more general symptoms such as a lack of energy, shortness of breath, dyspepsia, headaches, a capricious [en.wikipedia.org]

  History of recent illness: could suggest GI bleeding - eg, weight loss, change in bowel habit, dyspepsia. History of previous GI disease or surgery. Travel history (eg, hookworm infestation) if there has been recent travel to the tropics. [patient.info]

• Tinnitus

  Tinnitus. Angina, which can occur if there is pre-existing coronary heart disease. Very rarely, dysphagia due to an oesophageal web with chronic iron deficiency. [patient.info]

• Headache

  She denied weakness or clumsiness in upper extremities, headaches, vertigo, lightheadedness, or loss of consciousness. There was no history of fever, chills, autoimmune disorders, skin rash, joint pain or swellings, blood clots, or miscarriages. [neurology.org]

  Clinical presentation One of the difficulties in diagnosing anemia is that the patient does not typically exhibit many symptoms and those which are present are things like headache, fatigue, dizziness, tachycardia, orthostatic hypertension, and exertional [physicianassistantexamreview.com]

  In otherwise healthy menstruating women, iron deficiency is often blamed for a host of symptoms, including fatigue, headache, paresthesias, ... Allan H. Goroll, Albert G. [educalingo.com]

  Given below are some of the most commonly seen microcytic anemia symptoms: Weakness and fatigue Decrease in appetite, usually accompanied by weight loss Changes in the texture of nails, where they become fragile and break easily Severe headaches Difficulty [medicalhealthtests.com]

  Hypochromic anemia was historically known as chlorosis or green sickness for the distinct skin tinge sometimes present in patients, in addition to more general symptoms such as a lack of energy, shortness of breath, dyspepsia, headaches, a capricious [en.wikipedia.org]

• Seizure

  Other variable clinical features include hypergammaglobulinemia, hepatosplenomegaly, generalized seizures, and basal ganglia calcification. None of the patients had diabetes mellitus or acanthosis nigricans. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Babies may also have weak muscle tone ( hypotonia ) and seizures. Most babies and children with this condition have an unusually small head size ( microcephaly ), intellectual disability and developmental delay. [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]

  Patients with methylmalonic acidemia with homocystinuria of all types can present with developmental delay, signs of megaloblastic anemia (pallor, fatigue, and anorexia), lethargy and seizures. [orpha.net]

  This unfortunate “epidemic” of Vitamin B6 caused serious complications such as seizures and convulsions. Manufacturing procedures have changed so that infant formula now contains sufficient amounts of this essential nutrient. [slideshare.net]

  Other common medications that can cause anemia include some seizure medications, transplant medications, HIV medications, some malaria medications, some antibiotics (penicillin, chloramphenicol), antifungal medications, and antihistamines. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Babinski Sign

  On examination, she was noted to have a right foot drop, increased tone and hyperreflexia in lower extremities with a positive Babinski sign, and several beats of ankle clonus bilaterally. [neurology.org]

The workup for microcytic anemia includes a peripheral smear, typically followed by evaluation of iron stores. Having trouble viewing the algorithm? Go directly to the PDF [arupconsult.com]

Consider therapeutic trial of iron supplementation without further workup ... FOLLOW-UP RECOMMENDATIONS Repeat laboratory evaluation can be done in 1 month. [5minuteconsult.com]

References:[5] Diagnostics Complete blood count (CBC) with RBC indices MCV is the most important initial test in the diagnostic workup. Based on RBC size, further testing should be performed to determine the underlying cause. [amboss.com]

[…] for the diagnosis of iron deficiency; a serum ferritin concentration of < 15 ng/mL has a sens of 59% and a spec of 99 % for iron deficiency Transferrin: ferritin index: 2 suggests IDA This is NOT a diagnosis by itself, it must include an appropriate workup [errolozdalga.com]

Depending on the clinical philosophy, whether the hospital's automated counter can immediately add it to the initial tests, and the clinicians' attitudes towards ordering tests, a reticulocyte count may be ordered either as part of the initial workup [newworldencyclopedia.org]

• Microcytic Anemia

  We report here the first human mutation of DMT1 identified in a female with severe hypochromic microcytic anemia and iron overload. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Hypochromic microcytic anemias include: Iron deficiency anemia: The most common cause of microcytic anemia is an iron deficiency in the blood. [healthline.com]

• Normocytic Anemia

  Normocytic anemia Normocytic anemia is further divided into 2 broad categories: anemia with primary bone marrow involvement and anemia secondary to underlying disease. [emedicine.com]

  Other causes that are typically thought of as causing normocytic anemia or macrocytic anemia must also be considered, and the presence of two or more causes of anemia can distort the typical picture. [en.wikipedia.org]

  In still other cases of anemia, there is no significant alteration in the size, shape, or coloration of the red cells, a condition called normocytic anemia. [britannica.com]

  Anemia of chronic disease should be suspected in patients with microcytic or normocytic anemia who also have chronic illness, infection, inflammation, or cancer. [msdmanuals.com]

• Macrocytosis

  Macrocytosis is a term used to describe red blood cells that are larger than normal. Anemia is when you have low numbers of properly functioning red blood cells in your body. [healthline.com]

  Vocabulary Reticulocytes – immature red blood cells MCV – mean corpuscular volume (volume of an average red blood cell in the sample) Microcytosis — MCV< 80 (small cells) Macrocytosis __ MCV>100 (big cells) Microcytic anemia – anemia with low MCV Macrocytic [physicianassistantexamreview.com]

  A trial of complete abstinence from Alcohol may resolve macrocytosis during follow up labs. [clinicaladvisor.com]

  Peripheral blood picture shows macrocytosis with an average red cell diameter of 8.4 |i ( normal 7.2 ... [educalingo.com]

  Pim-1-deficient mice were ostensibly normal, healthy, and fertile; however, detailed analysis demonstrated a correlation of Pim-1 deficiency with erythrocyte microcytosis, whereas overexpression of Pim-1 in transgenic mice resulted in erythrocyte macrocytosis [dx.doi.org]

Management and treatment Anemia poorly responds to oral iron treatment. The documents contained in this web site are presented for information purposes only. [orpha.net]

Ferrous sulfate 325 TID x 6 months is the standard treatment though much lower doses may be effective. [physicianassistantexamreview.com]

Abstract Improvement of microcytic anemia after deferoxamine treatment is described in eight long-term dialysis patients with high serum aluminum concentration and other clinical signs of aluminum toxicity. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Of this, up to 10 mg of iron can be absorbed from the gut and is the preferred initial treatment. Nausea and constipation are the side effects which limit the compliance of this therapy. [statpearls.com]

Prognosis Prognosis is better in patients with later-onset disease. The documents contained in this web site are presented for information purposes only. [orpha.net]

For those responding to steroid therapy the prognosis is good. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

[…] and homocystinuria due to a defect in cobalamin metabolism. 8 Cerone R...Gatti R 10384379 1999 17 Long-term outcome in treated combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinemia. 8 Andersson HC...Shapira E 11258350 1999 18 Clinical heterogeneity and prognosis [malacards.org]

Prognosis The outcome of patients with aplastic anemia has substantially improved because of improved supportive care. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Discussion Differentiation between thalassemic and nonthalassemic microcytosis has important clinical implications because each has an entirely different cause, pathogenesis, prognosis, and treatment. [ajcp.oxfordjournals.org]

In menstruating females, the most common etiology is menstrual bleeding. [medgeeks.co]

December 2017 for Beta Thalassemia: Etiology and Pathogenesis helpful lec thumps up for me is better than the ophthalmo lecs by the same doc Hematology Anemia By Odette H. on 12. [lecturio.com]

A number of etiologic factors have been implicated, including decreased production of erythropoietin; decreased erythrocyte life span secondary to uremia and splenomegaly; increased bleeding tendency due to platelet dysfunction; and acquired lack of folic [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

ORPHA:83642 Classification level: Disorder Synonym(s): - Prevalence: <1 / 1 000 000 Inheritance: Autosomal recessive Age of onset: Infancy, Neonatal ICD-10: D50.8 OMIM: 206100 UMLS: C2673913 MeSH: - GARD: - MedDRA: - Summary Etiology This syndrome is [orpha.net]

Epidemiology According to epidemiologic data from World Health Organization (WHO), 24.8% of the human population is currently suffering from anemia out of which a major portion is due to iron deficiency anemia. [statpearls.com]

Epidemiology Congress: 66th Scientific Sessions (2006) [professional.diabetes.org]

Summary Epidemiology Annual incidence in the USA, based on the California newborn screening program, has been estimated at 1/67,000 (for the cblC form). cblC is the most frequent type (over 550 cases). [orpha.net]

Hemolyticuremic Syndrome [ Epidemiology | Incidence and Prevalence | Laboratory Evaluation of Anemia ] [ Clinical Assessment of Anemia | Casual and Risk Factors | Prevention | Exercises | Lecture on Anemia ] [pitt.edu]

In general, a relatively limited set of pathophysiological processes yield microcytic anemias and thus measurement of the MCV can significantly narrow the possible differential diagnosis for a patient's anemia. [pathwaymedicine.org]

Another way to classify anaemia is by looking at the pathophysiology." Where do I get my information from: http://armandoh.org/resource Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ArmandoHasud... [youtube.com]

A discussion of the clinical presentation of IRIDA, the molecular genetics of this disorder, and recent studies elucidating the underlying pathophysiology are presented. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Three pathophysiologic mechanisms have been identified: Slightly shortened RBC survival, thought to be due to release of inflammatory cytokines, occurs in patients with cancer or chronic granulomatous infections. [msdmanuals.com]

Cells Properly = Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benzenes, Chloramphenicol, Propylthiouracil References: [15][16][17][18][19] Anemia of chronic disease Description: anemia due to chronic inflammation Epidemiology: second most common anemia [20] Pathophysiology [amboss.com]

Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;77:234-241. 46. 46 Prevention and Screening 47. 47 Prevention • The key to reducing the morbidity associated with iron deficiency includes prevention of iron deficiency and the identification and treatment of children who are iron [slideshare.net]

We therefore believe that an early diagnosis prevents and minimizes the complications related to celiac disease, and that serologic screening should become routine in the diagnostic protocol for hypochromic microcytic anemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The best way to prevent microcytic anemia is to get enough iron in your diet. Increasing your vitamin C intake can also help your body absorb more iron. You can also consider taking a daily iron supplement. [healthline.com]