An otherwise healthy 69-year-old woman presented two large patches of slightly erythematous scaling alopecia localized on the vertex and on the left parietal region of the scalp. The only subjective sign was itching. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Khosravi AR, Mansouri P, Naraghi Z, Shokri H, Ziglari T (2008) Unusual presentation of tinea cruris due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes. J Dermatol 35: 541-5. [clinical-pediatrics-dermatology.imedpub.com]

The clinical presentation of tinea capitis varies in adults. [e-ijd.org]

Tinea incognito This is tinea corporis with an altered, nonclassic presentation due to corticosteroid treatment. [5] See Clinical Presentation for more detail. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of onychomycosis. Br J Dermatol. 2003 ;149: 1 - 4. Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI 4. Romano, C, Massai, L. Proximal subungual hyperkeratosis of the big toe due to Microsporum gypseum. [journals.sagepub.com]

• Chronic Infection

  The annular, scaly patches may coalesce to form large areas of chronic infection when Trichophyton rubrum is the etiologic agent. [atmph.org]

  Long-term treatment with medications such as itraconazole or ketoconazole may be used for chronic infections. [courses.lumenlearning.com]

• Sepsis

  Amphotericin is generally given IV for systemic fungal or candidal sepsis or disseminated infection. Questions 1. The most common cause of Tinea capitis in the United States is:. .. .. a. M. canis. .. .. b. T. tonsurans. .. .. c. [hawaii.edu]

• Pharyngitis

  Safety Adverse events such as fever, pharyngitis and influenza-like symptoms occurred in 18%–42% of patients in the terbinafine groups and 17% in the griseofulvin group. [mja.com.au]

• Neglect

  In our case, the fungal skin disease was neglected and not initially well treated. [latunisiemedicale.com]

  He unintentionally discovered the lesions on the scrotum during a bath 6 days previously but neglected them because of no cutaneous symptoms. However, a few days later, the size and number of the lesions had gradually increased. [e-ijd.org]

  In addition, the risk factors include socioeconomic conditions such as overcrowding, poverty, and neglect of personal hygiene. [2] Although dermatophytes have a worldwide distribution, some species are found in specific areas. [atmph.org]

See Workup for more detail. Management Topical therapy is recommended for a localized infection because dermatophytes rarely invade living tissues. [emedicine.medscape.com]

With an intermittent regimen the duration of treatment with active drug can be much shorter compared to continuous therapy. We found that itraconazole pulse therapy for M. canis tinea capitis was a safe and effective treatment in an infant. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Itraconazole versus griseofulvin in the treatment of tinea capitis: a double-blind randomized study in children. Int J Dermatol 1994; 33: 743-7. Elewski B. Treatment of tinea capitis beyond griseofulvin. J Am Acad Dermatol 1999; 40: S27-30. [jpad.com.pk]

Griseofulvin has been the gold standard for the treatment of tinea capitis. [ijdvl.com]

Despite this treatment, further analyses conducted during and after therapy remained positive. In January 2009, treatment with oral griseofulvin was started (20 mg/kg once daily). [academic.oup.com]

[…] dermatophytes, including Trichophyton Microsporum acquired through direct contact with the fungus e.g., shared combs and hats Pathogenesis dermatophytes live only in keritinized tissues (hair, skin, and nails) symptoms result from host's innate immune response Prognosis [medbullets.com]

Prognosis Usually good Hair regrows completely Protracted infection and kerion may result in permanent alopecia. [amboss.com]

Prognosis Excellent with good compliance and subsequent precautions to avoid repeat infection. Prevention Good skin hygiene. Good nail hygiene. Avoiding prolonged wetting or dampness of the skin and feet. [patient.info]

It is seen most commonly in children aged between 5 and 10 years. [6] Mean age of onset is in patients aged 6.9-8.1 years. [7] Prognosis Tinea capitis carries a positive prognosis, with the vast majority of those treated obtaining resolution of the infection [emedicine.medscape.com]

The etiological agents vary from time to time and by geographical area, although they normally are zoophilic dermatophytes and in the last years also anthropophilic species. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The annular, scaly patches may coalesce to form large areas of chronic infection when Trichophyton rubrum is the etiologic agent. [atmph.org]

Tinea capitis: still no change in the etiological spectrum of disease in our scenario. J Pak Assoc Dermatol 2002; 12: 119-21. Koumantaki E, Georgalla S, Rallis E, Papadavid E. [jpad.com.pk]

Updates on the epidemiology of dermatophyte infections. Mycopathologia, 166 (2008), pp. 335-352 [8.] G. Ginter-Hanselmayer, W. Weger, M. Ilkit, J. Smolle. Epidemiology of tinea capitis in Europe: current state and changing patterns. [actasdermo.org]

Epidemiology of onychomycosis in Crete, Greece: a 12-year study. Mycoses. 2016 ;59(12): 798 - 802. Google Scholar | Crossref | ISI 2. Baswan, S, Kasting, GB, Li, SK. [journals.sagepub.com]

PhilpotC.M. (1977): Some aspects of the epidemiology of tinea. - Mycopathologia 62: 3–13. Google Scholar 26. [link.springer.com]

KEYWORDS: Conidia; dermatophytes; epidemiology; hair perforation; keratin; morphology [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cutaneouse id reactions: A comprehensive review of clinical manifestations, epidemiology, etiology, and management. Crit Rev Microbiol 2012;38(3):191-202. [adc.mef.hr]

Pathophysiology [ 3 ] Infection is limited to the dead layers of skin but encouraged by a damp and warm local environment. [patient.info]

These increase in size and become crusted over, so that the characteristic lesion can only be seen around the edge of the scab. [5] Pathophysiology [ edit ] From the site of inoculation, the fungus grows down into the stratum corneum, where it invades [en.wikipedia.org]

Close collaboration with veterinary and educational programs within infant communities are required for adequate prevention. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cryptococcal meningitis, cryptococcosis transmitted into other areas (e.g. lungs, skin) Prevention against recurring cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS and HIV patients. [hasco-lek.pl]

Because candidiasis can become invasive, patients suffering from HIV/AIDS, cancer, or other conditions that compromise the immune system may benefit from preventive treatment. [courses.lumenlearning.com]

To prevent tinea infections from spreading, contaminated objects should not be shared (e.g., shoes, combs). Other members of the household and pets who are infected should also receive treatment! [amboss.com]

Treatment of tinea pedis - helps prevent onychomycosis. [ 8 ] Wearing clean, loose-fitting underwear. [patient.info]