Symptoma

Minimally Conscious State

MCS

In Study I, the computer system presented a 23-year-old man the names of the partners that he could contact, one at a time, automatically. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Overeating

    In the controls there was an early synchronization of slow waves immediately followed by a desynchronization of alpha and beta frequency bands over the frontal and centro-parietal electrodes, whereas an opposite early synchronization, particularly over [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Ulcer

    This can involve: providing nutrition through a feeding tube making sure the person is moved regularly so they don’t develop pressure ulcers gently exercising their joints to prevent them becoming tight keeping their skin clean managing their bowel and [brainfoundation.org.au]

  • Hypnotic State

    These areas are most active during periods of conscious waking and are least active when in altered states of consciousness, such as general anesthesia, propofol, hypnotic state, dementia, and Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome. [en.wikipedia.org]

  • Stupor

    Diagnosis of stupor and coma. 4th ed. New-York: Oxford University Press; 2007. The Multi-Society Task Force Report on PVS. Medical aspects of the persistent vegetative state. N Engl J M. 1994; 330(21): 1499-1508. Kretschmer E. [internationalbrain.org]

    Plum, F; Posner, JB (1966), The diagnosis of stupor and coma, Philadelphia, PA, USA: FA Davis, 197 pp. a b Fager, Susan; Beukelman, Dave; Karantounis, Renee; Jakobs, Tom (2006). [en.wikipedia.org]

    The diagnosis of stupor and coma. Contemp Neurol Ser. 1972;10:1–286. 15. Rossetti AO, Carrera E, Oddo M. Early EEG correlates of neuronal injury after brain anoxia. Neurology. 2012;78(11):796–802. 16. [annalsofintensivecare.springeropen.com]

    The interpretation of the EEG in stupor and coma. Neurologist 2005;11:271-284 33. Thatcher R. EEG database-guided neurotherapy. In: Evans JR, Abarbanel A eds Introduction to Quantitative EEG and Neurofeedback. [functionalneurology.com]

    Science, 2001, vol. 292 (pg. 510 - 2 ) Scikit-learn: machine learning in python, J Mach Learn Res, 2011, vol. 12 (pg. 2825 - 30 ) The neural correlates of conscious vision, Cereb Cortex, 2003, vol. 13 (pg. 461 - 74 ), Plum and Posner’s diagnosis of stupor [academic.oup.com]

  • Clonus

    There was increased extensor tone bilaterally in the lower extremities accompanied by intermittent clonus, bilateral triple flexion responses, and extensor plantar reflexes. [doi.org]

Thus, the TMS-EEG technique can be useful in differentiating VS from MCS and could complement the behavioural assessment during the diagnostic workup, thereby reducing the high probability (almost 40% in qualified centres) of clinical misclassification [journals.plos.org]

  • White Matter Lesions

    The two main causes of a comatose state are (1) diffuse cortical damage in the two cerebral hemispheres and / or (2) bilateral white matter lesions or lesions of the brainstem reticular formation that is responsible for awakening. [internationalbrain.org]

During the main part of therapy, both types of treatment yielded similar positive results. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The prognosis value of early clinical diagnosis of consciousness impairment is documented by an extremely limited number of studies, whereas it may convey important information to guide medical decisions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The etiology was traumatic (53%), vascular (38% including 12% anoxia), miscellaneous (9%). Fifteen percent rate of return to arousal (average time period: 28.41 months, traumatic etiology) with hospital discharge in four cases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Areas of initial focus would be to define the epidemiology of the minimally conscious state, elucidate mechanisms of recovery, and identify clinically useful diagnostic and prognostic markers that will aid decision making at the bedside. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

This chapter reviews the diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, prognostic relevance, neurobehavioral assessment procedures and treatment implications associated with MCS. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Important advances have also been made in defining the similarities and differences in the pathophysiology of these two states, and functional imaging modalities have begun to explicate the neural substrate underlying the behavioral features of these [doi.org]

"Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: Pathophysiology, neuropathology and mechanisms". NeuroRehabilitation : 5–13. Lombardi, Francesco FL; Taricco, Mariangela; De Tanti, Antonio; Telaro, Elena; Liberati, Alessandro (2002-04-22). [en.wikipedia.org]

To analyse physiotherapy interventions and evaluate their effectiveness in the prevention and management of contracture with patients admitted in either vegetative or minimally conscious state in a UK Inpatient Regional Acquired Brain Injury Rehabilitation [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

In early MCS, prevention of complications and maintenance of bodily integrity should be emphasised because of the likelihood of further improvement. [brainfoundation.org.au]

[…] disease) Providing good nutrition Providing physical therapy to prevent limb contractures Vegetative state has no specific treatment. [msdmanuals.com]

For example, telling your loved one that you are going to move his or her arms and legs to help prevent joint tightness might make you feel more comfortable with this task. [msktc.org]