Material and methods: We present a case of 31-year old multigravida in 22/24 week of pregnancy presenting the severe symptoms of non-immune fetal hydrops: subcutaneus oedema, hydrothorax, ascites and placental oedema associated with maternal oedema, anaemia [journals.viamedica.pl]

In order to distinguish BS from preeclampsia, one important variable is time for presentation since BS can present earlier, with the first becoming evident as soon as 16 weeks’ gestation and the latter presenting after 20 weeks’ gestation [1]. [hindawi.com]

• Ballance Sign

  Ballance sign Ballance, Sir Charles Alfred ball-and-socket abutment ball-and-socket joint Ballantyne disease Ballantyne, John William Ballard tool ballast Baller, Friedrich Baller-Gerold syndrome ballerina skirt cell ballerina-foot pattern Ballet sign [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Jaundice

  Meconium aspiration syndrome - Pneumomediastinum - Wilson-Mikity syndrome - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia Haemorrhagic and haematological Hemorrhagic disease of newborn - Hemolytic disease of the newborn - Rh disease - Hydrops fetalis - Kernicterus - Neonatal jaundice [bionity.com]

• Hypertension

  It is essential to differentiate from preeclampsia, since there are common signs such as hypertension and proteinuria. [medigraphic.com]

  […] disorders Pregnancy-induced hypertension - Pre-eclampsia - Eclampsia - Gestational diabetes Other, predominantly related to pregnancy Hyperemesis gravidarum - Gestational pemphigoid Maternal care related to the fetus and amniotic cavity and possible [bionity.com]

  The syndrome appears in one out of 3,000 pregnancies; however the incidence can be underestimated, due to similarities in clinical presentation with preeclampsia (PE) [1, 3], which include maternal edema (80-100%), hypertension (60%), proteinuria (20- [hindawi.com]

• Hydrops Fetalis

  Keywords Mirror syndrome, Ballantyne syndrome, Hydrops Fetalis, anemia, Maternal edema About this article Title Ballantyne syndrome (the Mirror Syndrome) associated with severe non-immune fetal hydrops – a case report. [journals.viamedica.pl]

  fetalis, and, in the case of a tumor, growth rate and vascularity. [hindawi.com]

• Hyperreflexia

  Variable PE BS Case Report Maternal Gestational age < 20 16-34 24-29 Edema ++ ++ + Hypertension (> 130/80) +++ + - Proteinuria (> 300mg/day) +++ + + Hyperreflexia (OTR) + - - Liver function test abnormalities +++ + + Creatinine ++ + + Urea ++ + + Creatinine [hindawi.com]

Treatment Since mirror syndrome is so rare, treatment can vary depending on the specific situation. Treatment can often depend on the underlying cause of the fetal hydrops as well as the severity of the preeclampsia. [verywellfamily.com]

RELATED: 7 Pregnancy Myths Debunked Mirror syndrome treatment Mirror syndrome is extremely rare, and treatment varies greatly by situation. [share.upmc.com]

It is yet to be determined whether the treatment of the underlying cause of BS could improve preeclampsia as well. [hindawi.com]

Postmature newborns are typically thin and underweight, with slender limbs, dry wrinkled skin and longer hair and nails.[1] Prognosis The first few days after delivery are the most critical. [bionity.com]

In addition to similarities in their clinical presentation, preeclampsia and BS can coexist and compromise to a greater extent pregnancy resolution, as well as the maternal and fetal prognosis. [hindawi.com]

"Ballantyne syndrome: is placental ischemia the etiology?". Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine. 7 (5): 227–9. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1520-6661(199809/10)7:5<227::AID-MFM3>3.0.CO;2-I. PMID 9775990. ^ Heyborne KD, Chism DM (2000). [en.wikipedia.org]

Abstract Aim: to present a case study of the rapidly progressing non-immune fetal hydrops of the unknown etiology in the normal-karyotype fetus, accompanied by the severe maternal oedema, anaemia and hypoproteinemia. [journals.viamedica.pl]

On the contrary, the etiology and pathogenic mechanisms in BS are still partially described and remain unclear, probably due to a limited number of papers [9]. [hindawi.com]

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this article was to further elucidate the pathophysiology of Mirror (Ballantyne) syndrome within the context of known biomarkers for preeclampsia. [tandfonline.com]

Semmelweis' method Disinfection of the hands of the obstetrician or midwife with chloride or lime, as well as clean bedsheaths for the patient, in order to prevent puerperal fever. Simpson's forceps (Sir James Young Simpson) An obstetrical forceps. [babymed.com]