In patients undergoing mitral valve repair, the presence of severe mitral annular calcification can present technical issues. [ctsnet.org]

Among the present study’s patients with CKD, those with MAC had a higher osteocalcin level than those without MAC. [tandfonline.com]

However, no significant tamponade was present. [journals.lww.com]

The lesion was hypointense with respect to the myocardium in the T1- and T2-weighted sequences and gradient echocardiography (Figure 2C), and only presented late-phase enhancement in the surrounding capsule. [revespcardiol.org]

Clinical, echocardiographic, and radiographic findings in 41 patients with mitral annular calcification are presented. [jamanetwork.com]

• Malnutrition

  Serum β2-microglobulin was associated with longer duration on hemodialysis, malnutrition inflammation (lower serum albumin and higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and dyslipidemia. [nature.com]

  mast cells, macrophages, cytokines) with increased oxidative stress in the calcified and pericalcific regions of the valves constitute additional mechanistic pathways.5,6,11,16 Other possible pathological mechanisms that have been proposed include malnutrition [ecrjournal.com]

• Surgical Procedure

  Keywords: Aortic Valve Stenosis, Atherosclerosis, Atrial Fibrillation, Bundle-Branch Block, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic, Echocardiography, Geriatrics, Heart Valve Diseases, Hypertension, Marfan Syndrome, Mitral Valve Insufficiency [acc.org]

• Amyloidosis

  Systemic amyloidosis of β2 microglobulin type. J Clin Pathol 1992; 45: 832–833. CAS Article Google Scholar Takayama F, Miyazaki S, Morita T, Hirasawa Y, Niwa T. Dialysis-related amyloidosis of the heart in long-term hemodialysis patients. [nature.com]

• Regurgitation

  Leave Atrial Aortic Regurgitation [cardiovascularultrasound.biomedcentral.com]

  AVA 0.4 cm2 Moderate mitral stenosis and regurgitation After recovery of shock the patient underwent successful double valve replacement [escardio.org]

  Mitral valve (annular calcification) An illustration of mitral annular calcification, an aging phenomenon which can cause mitral regurgitation. [brown.edu]

  This may potentially cause mitral regurgitation (MR) or more rarely mitral stenosis (MS), which may produce the classic symptoms of these conditions over time.[2] In addition, calcification of the annulus can inhibit electrical conduction of the AV node [en.wikipedia.org]

  Mitral regurgitation Mitral regurgitation is where some blood flows the wrong way in the heart because the mitral valve does not close properly. Symptoms Mitral valve regurgitation does not always have symptoms. [nhs.uk]

• Irregular Heart Rhythm

  There is increased risk of heart attacks, stroke and death from cardiovascular causes. There is also an increased risk of development of atrial fibrillation with RVR, an irregular heart rhythm. [myheart.net]

• Dyslipidemia

  In fact, it is more frequent in patients with multiple cardiovascular risks, with hypertension, chronic kidney disease, dyslipidemia [4] [5] [6] [7]. Usually CCMA is discovered occasionally during a routine TTE. [scirp.org]

  Case Description In October 2016, a 55-year-old female patient with a history of arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia presented to our department for a regular check-up. [clinmedjournals.org]

  Serum β2-microglobulin was associated with longer duration on hemodialysis, malnutrition inflammation (lower serum albumin and higher high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) and dyslipidemia. [nature.com]

• Hypercholesterolemia

  Although the development of degenerative calcification of the mitral annulus is functionally of little consequence in most hearts, it shares common risk factors with atherosclerosis; including systemic hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes [cardiovascularultrasound.biomedcentral.com]

  Patient 3 A 71-year-old woman with a history of hypercholesterolemia and complete hysterectomy for an ovarian tumor had experienced 2 episodes of syncope in the last few months, with no obvious accompanying sweating or nausea. [revespcardiol.org]

The prognosis is usually benign and the treatment conservative. The surgical treatment is reserved to complicated cases, as severe mitral valve dysfunction or when the diagnosis remains uncertain [12] [13]. [scirp.org]

You might not need treatment if you do not have any symptoms. [nhs.uk]

Even though we consulted multiple hospitals, the treatment for this particular condition was not available. However, when we consulted Dr. Rao, he suggested TAVI and TMVR. We traveled to him and got our treatment. Dr. [theweek.in]

Treatment of Mitral Annular Calcification Mitral annular calcification is usually of no clinical significance and no specific treatment such as MitraClip is required. [myheart.net]

Surgical treatment was refused again. [clinmedjournals.org]

Topics we would like to cover include, but are not limited to: 1) Pathophysiology, prevalence and prognosis of MAC. 2) Diagnostic imaging and hemodynamics (TTE, TEE, CT, cath). 3) Transcatheter intervention and evidence for transcatheter mitral valve [frontiersin.org]

The rationale for this recommendation is because VHD progresses rapidly in this population and is associated with poor prognosis. [ecrjournal.com]

The prognosis is usually benign and the treatment conservative. The surgical treatment is reserved to complicated cases, as severe mitral valve dysfunction or when the diagnosis remains uncertain [12] [13]. [scirp.org]

The etiology was arteriosclerotic heart disease in 21, rheumatic heart disease in 5, and congenital aortic stenosis and luetic heart disease, 1 each. In 2 of the 14 cases in the present series the etiology was rheumatic. [pubs.rsna.org]

Echocardiography appears to be a sensitive method of detecting mitral annular calcification and may be helpful in differentiating rheumatic and nonrheumatic etiologies. (Arch Intern Med 137:1143-1150, 1977) [jamanetwork.com]

Karger AG, Basel References Fulkerson PK, Beaver BM, Auseon JC, et al: Calcification of the mitral annulus: etiology, clinical associations, complications and therapy. Am J Med 1979;66:967-977. [karger.com]

Dare AJ, Veinot JP, Edwards WD et al (1993) New observations on the etiology of aortic valve disease: a surgical pathologic study of 236 cases from 1990. [link.springer.com]

CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar Fulkerson PK, Beaver BM, Auseon JC, Graber HL: Calcification of the mitral annulus: etiology, clinical associations, complications and therapy. [cardiovascularultrasound.biomedcentral.com]

[…] calcium-phosphorus metabolism Chronic kidney disease/ESRD [1] genetic disorders such as marfan syndrome, mitral valve prolapse, hurler syndrome female gender References[edit] ^ a b c d e "Mitral Annular Calcification: Background, Etiopathophysiology, Epidemiology [en.wikipedia.org]

Boona, Emile Cheriexb, Jan Lodderc, Fons Kesselsd aSt Anna Hospital, Geldrop, Netherlands, bDepartment of Cardiology, University Hospital Maastricht, Netherlands, cDepartment of Neurology, University Hospital Maastricht, Netherlands, dDepartment of Epidemiology [heart.bmj.com]

The Canadian Women's Heart Health Alliance Atlas on the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women - Chapter 5: Sex- and Gender-Unique Manifestations of Cardiovascular Disease. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Cardiovascular disease in the kidney transplant recipient: epidemiology, diagnosis and management strategies. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019;34:760–73. Crossref | PubMed Hoevelmann J, Mahfoud F, Lauder L, et al. [ecrjournal.com]

The clinical epidemiology of cardiac disease in chronic renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 1999; 10: 1606–1615. [nature.com]

This review describes MAC, and reviews pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to its formation and clinical implications of its presence. [acc.org]

We would like to cover the complexity of managing these patients by describing the diagnosis, pathophysiology, hemodynamic consequences, and the outcome of patients with mitral annular calcification. [frontiersin.org]

[…] calcification present in the annulus is an important factor in choosing the most appropriate treatment modality for several conditions that do require intervention, particularly those that cause symptomatic obstruction of left ventricular outflow (LVOT).[2] Pathophysiology [en.wikipedia.org]

As the population ages, the clinical impact of mitral annular calcification (MAC) looms large due to its various pathophysiologic manifestations. Despite this impact, there is no universally accepted grading system for MAC severity. [consultqd.clevelandclinic.org]

We describe the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the formation of MAC and the clinical implications of this disease entity. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

TMVR systems including native mitral valve engagement as an anchoring mechanism may facilitate the prevention of this life-threatening complication. [jacc.org]

In conclusion, CCMA is a rare variant of CMA, but should be considered in the differential diagnosis with other cardiac masses to prevent unnecessary surgery. [revespcardiol.org]

You'll also need to take medicine to prevent blood clots for a long time after this operation. If you have a mechanical valve, you'll need to take this medicine for life. [nhs.uk]

Intentional percutaneous laceration of the anterior mitral leaflet to prevent outflow obstruction during transcatheter mitral valve replacement: first-in-human experience. [link.springer.com]

For convenience, preventive measures are also considered as risk factors in the text and tables. [heart.bmj.com]