Symptoma

Mixed Germ Cell Tumor

All the clinical presentations in this patient resulted from a hypothalamic mixed germ cell tumor with sub-acute intra-tumoral hemorrhage. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Inguinal Lymphadenopathy

    Bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy was also present. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan (CECT) of abdomen confirmed a large heterogenous mass in the right scrotal sac with few specks of calcification and hemorrhage. [ccij-online.org]

  • Axillary Mass

    Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of right axillary mass with immunohistochemistry on cell block was consistent with metastatic mixed germ cell tumor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Tumori. 2013 Jan-Feb; 99(1):e24-7 [ PubMed ] Related Publications We report a rare case of a 34-year-old man with a right axillary mass. [cancerindex.org]

  • Tall Stature

    It is characterized by a 47, XXY or a mosaic karyotype, hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism, infertility, reduced body hair, gynecomastia, and tall stature. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Aspiration

    Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of right axillary mass with immunohistochemistry on cell block was consistent with metastatic mixed germ cell tumor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    Figure 2: CECT scan of the chest, showing pulmonary nodules and mediastinal lymphadenopathy Click here to view Figure 3: CECT scan of the abdomen showing enlarged kidney with hypoechoic lesions Click here to view Figure 4: Fine needle aspiration from [indianjcancer.com]

    An image-guided needle core biopsy or fine needle aspiration was highly warranted at that stage but due to massive serous effusions that could not be done. [cancerjournal.net]

  • Persistent Cough

    Case Report A 40-year-old male was admitted to the hospital with low-grade fever, persistent cough with expectoration, grade III dyspnea, and pleuritic type of chest pain for five months. He also had significant weight loss. [cancerjournal.net]

  • Proximal Muscle Weakness

    We present a 22-year-old man who had adipsic hypernatremia manifested with progressive proximal muscle weakness and remarkably high creatine kinase level that has never been reported in the cases of hypernatremic myopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Muscle Weakness

    We present a 22-year-old man who had adipsic hypernatremia manifested with progressive proximal muscle weakness and remarkably high creatine kinase level that has never been reported in the cases of hypernatremic myopathy. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Polyuria

    Headache, vomiting, polyuria and diplopia were common symptoms. Radiographic evaluation demonstrated a mass on the midline of the brain. The patients were treated mainly with radiation, but survival (mean, 3.7 years) was not as long as predicted. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

    […] teratomas (18%), endodermal sinus tumors (7%), embryonal carcinomas (5%), and choriocarcinomas (5%). [2] The parasellar extension and rapid growth can rarely mimic pituitary apoplexy. » Case Reports Case 1 A 13-year-old short-statured boy presented with polyuria [neurologyindia.com]

  • Convulsions

    A 21 years old male presented with low grade fever, hemoptysis and progressively increasing dyspnoea of four month duration followed by acutely developing dizziness, hypotension, convulsion and altered sensorium. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Dizziness

    A 21 years old male presented with low grade fever, hemoptysis and progressively increasing dyspnoea of four month duration followed by acutely developing dizziness, hypotension, convulsion and altered sensorium. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Further workup in such a case would help in the diagnosis process. [ijpmonline.org]

Tumor Markers In the pre-operative workup, the dosages of serum markers AFP, HCG, AMH, beta HCG, and LDH are useful because the germ cell tumors are produced by them. [frontiersin.org]

A complete radiographic workup was done; which included chest, abdomen, peLvis, kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) and intravenous pyelogram (IVP). His electrocardiogram was normal. Eventually a laprotomy was performed under epidural anesthesia. [jpma.org.pk]

  • Normal Chest X-Ray

    Serum alpha-fetoprotein was over 15,000 ng/ml, while beta-human chorionic gonadotropin was normal. Chest X-ray and CT revealed multiple bilateral metastases. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  • Trophoblastic Cells

    Microscopically, the metastatic lesion contained a teratoma component and dispersed small nests of cohesive chorionic-type intermediate trophoblastic cells, closely resembling gestational ETT in female patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Furthermore, intramedullary germinomas occurred 21 years after the initial treatment of the mixed GCT and 15 years after the second treatment of the neurohypophysial germinoma. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

However, it seems very unlikely that only the germinoma, categorized in the good prognosis group, would be the only one to recur. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Treatment and prognosis will be dictated by the the most malignant component. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] gonadoblastoma and germ cell tumor by age 40 ( Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976;124:293 ) Sites Usually abdominal / inguinal undescended gonads / testis May occur in ovaries of phenotypically and genetically normal females (see ovary tumor chapter) Pathophysiology and etiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Etiology Risk factors Cryptorchidism (increased risk for germ cell tumors ) [4] Contralateral testicular cancer Germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) Family history of testicular cancer Klinefelter syndrome, Down syndrome (increased risk for germ cell tumors [amboss.com]

It is very difficult to define associated etiological factors ( 2 ). But according to Teter and Boczkowski ( 3 ), it seems that the presence of dysgenic ovaries is a predisposing factor to dysgerminoma development. [frontiersin.org]

Recent advances in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of pediatric germ cell tumors. [cancerindex.org]

Etiology No factors have been associated with the aetiology of GCT, apart from an increased incidence associated with dysgenetic gonads. 5% of patients with dysgerminomas are associated with constitutional cytogenetic abnormalities involving the entirety [atlasgeneticsoncology.org]

Epidemiology, clinical presentation and radiographic features will correspond to the components of the tumor. Treatment and prognosis will be dictated by the the most malignant component. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] common in Hispanics compared to Asian and black populations in the US References: [1] [2] [3] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. [amboss.com]

Epidemiologic analysis of 1,442 children and adolescents registered in the German germ cell tumor protocols. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2004;42:169-75. 8. Carroll PR, Whitmore WF Jr, Richardson M, Bajorunas D, Herr HW, Williams RD, et al. [cancerjournal.net]

Overall they account for over 10% of all testicular cancers (15% of all testicular germ cell tumours which account for 90% of all testicular cancers). [1] Epidemiology, clinical presentation and radiographic features will therefore reflect the underlying [jemds.com]

Definition / general Rare benign gonadal tumor composed of germ cells and sex cord stromal derivatives resembling immature granulosa cells and Sertoli cells Epidemiology Most cases occur within first 2 decades; nearly 94% by age 30 Those with with partial [pathologyoutlines.com]

Clinical Information Discusses physiology, pathophysiology, and general clinical aspects, as they relate to a laboratory test Germ cell tumors (GCT) comprise a heterogeneous group of solid neoplasms that arise in midline locations including the gonads [mayomedicallaboratories.com]

[…] develop gonadoblastoma and germ cell tumor by age 40 ( Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976;124:293 ) Sites Usually abdominal / inguinal undescended gonads / testis May occur in ovaries of phenotypically and genetically normal females (see ovary tumor chapter) Pathophysiology [pathologyoutlines.com]

Epidemiology : usually develop after the age of 4 Pathophysiology : produces amounts of testosterone and a small amount of estrogen, progesterone, and corticosteroids testosterone excess causes precocious puberty in males (and masculinization in females [amboss.com]

Systemic chemotherapy and irradiation for primary lesions as an initial treatment is important to cure the primary lesion and prevent extraneural metastasis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Prevention of ovarian function damage by a GnRH analogue during chemotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Hum Reprod. 2008;23(4):863-8. [ PubMed ] [jri.ir]

Clinical trials Explore Mayo Clinic studies testing new treatments, interventions and tests as a means to prevent, detect, treat or manage this disease. Germ cell tumors care at Mayo Clinic Aug. 23, 2017 References National Cancer Institute. [mayoclinic.org]

The PDQ database contains summaries of the latest published information on cancer prevention, detection, genetics, treatment, supportive care, and complementary and alternative medicine. [texaschildrens.org]

Treatment may include (alone or in combination): Surgery (to remove the tumor and involved organs) Chemotherapy Radiation Bone marrow transplantation Supportive care (for the effects of treatment) Hormonal replacement (if necessary) Antibiotics (to prevent [stanfordchildrens.org]