Pigmented nevus present a one in a million chance of transforming into a malignant melanoma. [disabled-world.com]

• From 1972 to 1988, 15 patients presented to the Duke University Melanoma Clinic, Durham, NC, with malignant melanoma of the mucus membranes of the upper aerodigestive tract. [jamanetwork.com]

Those lesions involving the oral cavity usually present as a painless mass with ulceration/bleeding. Involvement of the genital/urinary tracts may present with abnormal discharge or bleeding/hematuria. The rectal area may involve pain or a mass. [secure.ssa.gov]

Presented at: HemOnc Today Melanoma and Cutaneous Malignancies; March 24-25, 2017; New York. [healio.com]

Overall, 18% of patients have lymphatic metastases at presentation. The average distant metastatic rate at presentation is 10%. [emedicine.medscape.com]

• Pneumonia

  It wore her body down and Susan caught pneumonia, making her feel even worse. [susanfazio.org]

• Abdominal Pain

  Susan woke up on the Sunday before she was supposed to finish her treatment complaining of abdominal pain. It only hurt when she moved, so we were all sure that it had to be muscular. [susanfazio.org]

  In the anorectal region, the mucosal melanomas almost always appear as a polypoid mass that is responsible for rectal bleeding, discomfort at defecation, and abdominal pain. [dovepress.com]

Metastatic workup was within normal limits. [cancerjournal.net]

Workup Lab Studies: The only study effective in diagnosing oral malignant melanoma is tissue biopsy. Perform clinical examination and biopsy of suspicious unexplained lesions. [oralcancerfoundation.org]

The average overall survival (time from treatment until death from any cause) was 32 months. [medivizor.com]

The findings were presented by Butler et al at the 2017 European Cancer Congress (ECCO). 1 Mucosal melanoma has often been excluded from immunotherapy treatments for the disease. [ascopost.com]

Ninety per cent of the mucosal melanoma patients had already received at least one prior treatment and 39% of them had received ipilimumab, a type of monoclonal antibody that is already used in the treatment of melanoma. [ecco-org.eu]

To begin with, you see the doctor 2 weeks after starting treatment and then Every month in the first year of treatment Every 2 months in the second year of treatment and then Every 6 months You have a CT or MRI scan every 3 months after you start treatment [cancerresearchuk.org]

However, at the last follow-up 14 months after treatment initiation, the CT scans revealed progressive disease in the lung. For this reason, the treatment with imatinib was stopped. [karger.com]

It has a poorer prognosis than skin melanoma. It is not clear whether this is due to late diagnosis or the aggressiveness of the cancer. Ways to predict prognosis are needed. [medivizor.com]

Researchers had not conducted a careful analysis of tumor thickness ( T-stage ) and related prognosis in mucosal melanoma before Dr. Claus Garbe and Dr. [melanomanewstoday.com]

Therefore, considering the poor prognosis for all stages of mucosal melanoma, dermatologists should incorporate examination of the oropharynx and genitalia in the full body skin exam. [mdedge.com]

Treatment and prognosis SNMM is aggressive and carries a poor prognosis with a five-year survival rate of ~30% 3. [radiopaedia.org]

[…] and the late diagnosis with evidence of distant metastasis led to poor prognosis. [ijcpc.org]

The etiology of mucosal melanoma is not known. [bccancer.bc.ca]

The etiology of malignant melanoma and its rate of increase are complex. There are multiple factors that appear to play a role in the development of malignant melanoma, as well as their progression. [disabled-world.com]

Disease etiology remains unclear. Approximately one-third of oral cavity tumors are preceded by melanosis. [healio.com]

Etiologic factors Until now, the etiologic factors of mucosal melanomas have not been identified. Sun exposure, which is a well-known risk factor for cutaneous melanomas, seems to play no role in the pathogenesis of nonskin melanomas. [dovepress.com]

For more information, see the following: Etiology and Pathophysiology Unlike its cutaneous counterpart, exposure to sunlight is not an etiologic factor for mucosal melanoma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Changing epidemiology of anorectal melanoma. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42:1203-8. 34. Coté TR, Sobin LH. Primary melanomas of the esophagus and anorectum: epidemiologic comparison with melanoma of the skin. Melanoma Res. 2009;19:58-60. 35. [cancernetwork.com]

Article highlights Mucosal melanoma is a rare subtype (1.3%) of melanoma that is epidemiologically and biologically distinct from cutaneous melanoma. [tandfonline.com]

Pathology, Rigshospitalet, Teilumbygningen, Frederik V's Vej 11 1 st floor, DK‐2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. e‐mail: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author First published: 29 August 2018 Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

A 2012 comprehensive review of primary mucosal melanomas in the International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology provides a helpful overview of mucosal melanoma epidemiology and diagnosis. [melanoma.org]

Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 283:2008–2012. 2000. [spandidos-publications.com]

Get Information clear Open Access Review by 1,2,*, Fanélie Jouenne 2,3, Julie Delyon 1,2,4, Samia Mourah 1,2,3, Armand Bensussan 1,2 and Céleste Lebbé 1,2,4 1 INSERM, U976, Team 1, Human Immunology Pathophysiology & Immunotherapy (HIPI), F-75010 Paris [mdpi.com]

For more information, see the following: Etiology and Pathophysiology Unlike its cutaneous counterpart, exposure to sunlight is not an etiologic factor for mucosal melanoma. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Pathophysiology: Oral melanomas are uncommon, and, similar to their cutaneous counterparts, they are thought to arise primarily from melanocytes in the basal layer of the squamous mucosa. Melanocytic density has a regional variation. [oralcancerfoundation.org]

To help prevent the cancer from returning, your doctor may recommend radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy after surgery has been performed. [pennmedicine.org]

[…] and early detection of cervical cancer: American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology screening guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cervical cancer. [nccn.org]

Furthermore, expression of several aberrant immunophenotypic markers in malignant melanoma should be aware of in order to prevent misdiagnosis. [asianarchpath.com]

Deterrence/Prevention: No prevention strategies for oral malignant melanoma are known. Encourage patients to perform a thorough oral self-examination and to report abnormal findings to their dentist or physician. [oralcancerfoundation.org]

Prevention You can reduce your risk of melanoma and other types of skin cancer if you: Avoid the sun during the middle of the day. For many people in North America, the sun's rays are strongest between about 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. [mayoclinic.org]