During labour: Complications of malpresentations: In 45% of cases both twins present by head. In 35% one foetus presents by the head and the other by the breech. In 10% both present by breech. [gfmer.ch]

Cesarean delivery is recommended for twins unless the presenting twin is in vertex presentation. Higher-order multiples are typically delivered by cesarean regardless of presentation. [msdmanuals.com]

Author information 1 Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, 1-1, Gakuendai, Kahoku 929-1210, Japan. [email protected] Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of single embryo transfer [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Vaginal Delivery of the Second Twin •As soon as the presenting twin has been delivered, the presenting part of the second twin, its size, and its relationship to the birth canal should be quickly and carefully ascertained by combined abdominal, vaginal [slideshare.net]

• Infertility

  Mrs Z has been advised by her infertility physician to consider the transfer of a single embryo, but she does not wish to decrease her likelihood of conception, and, after her long and expensive infertility saga, wishes to conceive twins. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  National cost of infertility diagnosis and treatment and MGP Table IV shows the effect of the estimated costs of MGP on a previously published model of national spending for infertility diagnosis and management ( Collins et al ., 1997 ). [academic.oup.com]

• Swelling

  It makes it hard to feed the baby and causes swelling of the abdomen. Babies are given antibiotics and fed through an IV drip. [theguardian.com]

  Preeclampsia is marked by: High blood pressure Swelling Headache Vision changes If you have this, you may need early delivery to prevent serious complications. [webmd.com]

  Swelling of the feet and ankles usually is relieved by rest and by remaining off the feet for a day or two. If the swelling does not disappear, the health care provider should be informed since it may be an indication of a more serious complication. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Developmental Disorder

  Mothers who are underweight are more likely to deliver immature babies who, by virtue of their physiologic immaturity, are more likely to suffer from birth defects, hyaline membrane disease, and other developmental disorders of the newborn. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Multiple pregnancies are associated with increased health risks for the mother; pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, peripartum haemorrhage, and for the infants: prematurity, low birth weights, cerebral palsy and developmental disorders. [ispub.com]

• Asymptomatic

  Beta-mimetic treatment is indicated in multiple pregnancies even in false labor, or when painless progress in cervical dilatation is observed, to avoid asymptomatic progression into true labor. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dentist

  A visit to a dentist early in pregnancy is a good idea to forestall any possibility of infection arising from tooth decay. Pregnancy does not encourage tooth decay. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Confusion

  Nevertheless, several authors tend to amalgamate and confuse their psychosocial consequences and the ethical issues they raise. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Chorionicity in twins (and especially higher-order multiple pregnancies) can be very confusing. In Dizygotic (or Trizygotic etc.) twins, the number of placentas equals the number of embryos. (MZ twins may also be in separate chorions). [pregnancy.sogc.org]

  Wrong interpretation of results, such as confusing the evaporation line caused by the urine as a positive result. Causes of False-Negative Result A false negative result suggests there is no pregnancy even though a woman may be pregnant. [healthhype.com]

  It is such a state of confusion for families, and pictures reaffirm what they know deep inside their hearts, but may not be strong enough to convince themselves at the time. [tttsfoundation.org]

A significant concern exists about these treatments, however, because of the risk of MGP. [academic.oup.com]

The challenge is to reduce multigestational pregnancies while maintaining good treatment outcomes. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

CONCLUSION: Selective SBT in women with good prognosis can reduce the MPR after IVF while maintaining the overall success rate of the IVF programme. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Acute unbalancement can also occur at any time before birth, threatening the prognosis [ 76 ]. [intechopen.com]

Prognosis The U.S. maternal mortality rate for multiple pregnancy is only slightly higher than for singleton. A history of previous dizygotic twins increases the likelihood of subsequent multiple pregnancy 10-fold. [health.am]

These increased costs are due to the need for more intensive monitoring of these infants and the complex medical and surgical procedures that are increasingly being performed in order to decrease mortality and improve their prognosis. [ispub.com]

The register is an important resource of data on multiple pregnancies, which allows monitoring of trends in multiple birth rates and pregnancy losses and provides a unique opportunity for etiological and long-term follow-up studies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Etiology Classification Special features in the development of monozygotic twins A dizygotic pregnancy results in a dichorionic-diamniotic pregnancy. [amboss.com]

Internal teratoma Internal teratomas are rare congenital tumors, usually benign and of multifactorial etiology. [intechopen.com]

Epidemiology References: [1] Epidemiological data refers to the US, unless otherwise specified. Etiology Classification Special features in the development of monozygotic twins A dizygotic pregnancy results in a dichorionic-diamniotic pregnancy. [amboss.com]

This population-based survey is an important source of data on multiple pregnancies, which allows monitoring of trends in multiple birth rates and pregnancy losses, providing essential information to support improvements in clinical care and for epidemiological [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Epidemiology Currently in America, approximately 1 in every 250 births is a multiple: twins, triplets, or higher-order multiples. [pedsinreview.aappublications.org]

Epidemiology The incidence of twins is 3 in 200 pregnancies; triplets 1 in 10,000 pregnancies. The incidence is increasing alongside the increased uptake of IVF therapy. [fastbleep.com]

According to the textbook, Multiple Pregnancy: Epidemiology, Gestation and Perinatal Outcome, (page 300), women carrying twins have a more rapid and excess weight gain early in pregnancy than women pregnant with one baby. [pregnancy.lovetoknow.com]

Recently, immune pathways have been implicated in the pathophysiology of RSA. Immune tolerance of the fetal-placental unit and placental angiogenesis are mandatory for a successful pregnancy outcome. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

It emphasizes important new concepts of pathophysiology and interpretation of less than ideal outcomes of multiple conception based on over 30 years experience in the field. [springer.com]

Pathophysiology: • Presence of solitary, deep arteriovenous channels within the capillary beds of the villous tissue. • Velamentous umbilical cord insertion may contribute to the development of unequal fetal blood volumes because the membranously inserted [slideshare.net]

Effective strategies must be established to prevent multiple pregnancy without reducing overall pregnancy rates. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]