Presentation
They often present with both weakness and sensory loss in a “ glove and stocking” fashion. [lecturio.com]
Cardiac disease may be present in up to 33%. [emedicine.medscape.com]
This form of muscular dystrophy presents with weakness of the pelvic and shoulder girdle in childhood, with symptoms usually present by the age of 10 years. [sema4genomics.com]
* About two thirds of patients present at 8-15 years of age, with a range of 2-40 years. * The most typical presentation is of weakness due to scapular-humeral-pelvic weakness that may be similar to the presentation of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. [checkorphan.org]
Only the first and second heart sounds were present. The lung fields were clear and the liver was not palpable. [chs-journal.com]
Entire Body System
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Difficulty Climbing Stairs
LGMD1 patients may need to use walking aids, can have difficulties climbing stairs and lose the ability to walk. Creatine kinase (CK) levels can be normal to moderately elevated. [mdfgauteng.org]
Examples of this include trouble standing from a sitting position without using the arms, or difficulty climbing stairs. The weakness starts in childhood to young adulthood. [medlineplus.gov]
climbing stairs Difficulty walking up stairs 0003551 Facial palsy Bell's palsy 0010628 Wrist flexion contracture 0001239 Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO Autosomal recessive inheritance 0000007 Clumsiness 0002312 [rarediseases.info.nih.gov]
Some cases of LGMD may have onset during adulthood, mild symptoms, and slow progression; others may have onset during childhood and early severe disability such as difficulty climbing stairs and walking. [rarediseases.org]
Symptoms that might be noticed first include frequent falls and difficulty climbing stairs, running and rising from the floor. [mda.org.au]
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Fishing
First, an electric skillet is intended to cook daily foodstuffs such as omelets, chicken, soup, meat, grilled cheese sandwiches, and fish fry. There is one thing you should know about electric skillets. [musclegenetable.org]
Musculoskeletal
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Proximal Muscle Weakness
LGMD 2A (calpain 3) Childhood (8-15) There is mainly proximal muscle weakness. There is slow progression. Muscle atrophy is prominent (notable sparing of the hip abductors). Contractures are common. [patient.info]
Our patient had a history of muscle problems in an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and proximal muscle weakness began in early adulthood and progressively deteriorated over the next two decades. [omicsonline.org]
LGMD2L (anoctominopathy) Affected individuals were reported to have proximal muscle weakness in lower and upper limbs and muscle hypertrophy was common. Intelligence was reported to be normal. [rarediseases.org]
Polymyositis This is more common in older individuals and is associated with a progressive and symmetrical proximal muscle weakness. On investigation, these patients have an increased creatinine kinase and are positive for anti-Jo-1 antibodies. [lecturio.com]
[…] moderate proximal weakness Muscle cramping Enlargement of the calf muscles Some have no symptoms Bethlem myopathy Floppy muscles in infancy 2/3 of patents are wheelchair bound Proximal muscle weakness by age 50 Contractures * Includes alpha, beta, gamma [encyclopedia.com]
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Lordosis
Affected individuals may also have an abnormally curved lower back ( lordosis ) or a spine that curves to the side ( scoliosis ). Some develop joint stiffness (contractures) that can restrict movement in their hips, knees, ankles, or elbows. [ghr.nlm.nih.gov]
Additional abnormalities that may develop in individuals with LGMD include abnormal side-to-side curvature of the spine (scoliosis), abnormal front-to-back curvature of the spine (lordosis), thickening and shortening of tissue that cause deformity and [rarediseases.org]
[…] normal strength in distal arms; LGMD2M FKTN / Fukutin Early childhood Very high Moderate Legs arms; mild to moderate facial involvement LGMD2N POMT2 / protein O-mannosyl transferase 2 Early childhood High Slow Calf hypertrophy; scapular winging; skeletal lordosis [now.aapmr.org]
Children walk with waddle and exhibit lordosis. Cardiac involvement is known but not as common or prominent as in dystrophinopathies. [annalsofian.org]
Neurologic
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Gowers Sign
Mild to moderate elevated serum creatine kinase levels and positive Gowers sign are reported. [orpha.net]
Image : “Gower’s sign.” by William Richard Gowers (1845–1915) – Gowers WR. Clinical lecture on pseudohypertrophic muscular paralysis. Lancet 1879;ii,73-5. [lecturio.com]
Is there a finding (or history) of Gower's sign? This is seen in patients with proximal muscle weakness of the lower limb: when rising to stand, they use the hands as support, such that the hands 'climb up the legs'. [patient.info]
Treatment
Treatment: No treatment other than physical therapy is available. Prognosis: Most patients live into adulthood but progression is inevitable and all individuals eventually become totally disabled. [wohproject.org]
Early and prompt treatment and early surveillance is much better than waiting for problems to occur and then trying to deal with them. [treat-nmd.eu]
Treatment and management So far there are no specific treatments for LGMD2I, however managing the symptoms of the condition improves a person’s quality of life. Keeping mobile is important for all people affected with muscular dystrophy. [lgmd2i.com]
Supportive treatment can decrease the complications of the disease. The condition is managed based on the person's symptoms. [medlineplus.gov]
[…] after treatment with rituximab. [ 17 ] Complications and their management [ 2, 8 ] Complications vary, depending on the specific LGMD and on individual variations in the clinical picture. [patient.info]
Prognosis
The symptoms are similar to DMD but often milder, and patients are less likely to have mental retardation and have a better prognosis (30-40 years instead of teens). [lecturio.com]
Prognosis and management, therefore, are not uniform across the subtypes of LGMD2. Nonetheless, early identification of complications and risk factors is crucial. [mdfgauteng.org]
Prognosis: Most patients live into adulthood but progression is inevitable and all individuals eventually become totally disabled. Ancillary treatments and support: Respiratory therapy is important when diaphragmatic weakness becomes prominent. [wohproject.org]
Contractures are common, in which case the disease needs to be differentiated from Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Bethlem myopathy, and laminin-alpha2 deficiency Prognosis - Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A This depends upon the type. [checkorphan.org]
Prognosis The prognosis of LGMD varies tremendously. Most people with LGMD, however do not have severe symptoms and most experience a normal lifespan. Cardiac and respiratory difficulties can, however, decrease the lifespan. [encyclopedia.com]
Etiology
During the visit, the participant will be asked to fill out a couple of questionnaires asking questions about quality of life and activity limitations, as well as his/her understanding of their diagnosis with regards to etiology (or cause of their muscle [clinicaltrials.gov]
Greenberg SA, Salajegheh M, Judge DP, et al. (2012) Etiology of limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1D/1E determined by laser capture microdissection proteomics. Annals Neurology 71 (1): 141–145. [els.net]
Etiology Currently, there are more than 30 different known LGMDs including the eight dominant (LGMD1A-H) and 23 recessive (LGMD2A-Y) types. [now.aapmr.org]
licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014 Received: 12 May 2014 Accepted: 21 July 2014 Published: 19 August 2014 Abstract Background Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD2) include a number of disorders with heterogeneous etiology that [bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com]
Etiology of limb girdle muscular dystrophy 1D/1E determined by laser capture microdissection proteomics. Ann Neurol. 2012 Jan. 71(1):141-5. [Medline]. Sarparanta J, Jonson PH, Golzio C, Sandell S, Luque H, Screen M. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Epidemiology
Relevant External Links for DYSF Genetic Association Database (GAD) DYSF Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Navigator DYSF Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology: DYSF No data available for Genatlas for DYSF Gene Analysis of the [genecards.org]
Genetic epidemiology of muscular dystrophies resulting from sarcoglycan gene mutations. J Med Genet. 1997, 34:973-977 Olivé M, Shatunov A, Gonzalez L, Carmona O, Moreno D, Quereda LG, et al. [ivyunion.org]
Other proteins involved include dystroglycan, fukutin-related protein, calpain, dysferlin and telethonin. [ 5 ] Epidemiology [ 2 ] The LGMDs individually are rare, with some forms reported in only a few families. [patient.info]
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Epidemiology of the Muscular Dystrophies. Can J Neurol Sci. 2016 Jan;43(1):163-77. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2015.311. Thompson R, Straub V. [now.aapmr.org]
Pathophysiology
Multiple functions are described, but the pathophysiologic basis for LGMD1B is unknown. [emedicine.medscape.com]
Prevention
Heavy gauge stuff with a solid base Pans and pots need to be heavy enough to transfer heat evenly and prevent foods from scorching. Cast iron transfers heat well. [musclegenetable.org]
Some of the complications can be prevented with appropriate treatment. For example, a cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator can greatly reduce the risk for sudden death due to an abnormal heart rhythm. [medlineplus.gov]
This would entail close surveillance to recognize symptoms and to prevent detrimental sequelae. 2. [pubs.sciepub.com]
Prevention - Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A Not supplied. [checkorphan.org]
A physiotherapist can recommend stretches to keep joints supple and if necessary special splints (orthoses) to prevent muscle shortening (contractures) which are common in some types of LGMD. [mda.org.au]