HRCT evidence of bronchial wall thickening and with a lower frequency ILD were present despite normal CXR in 20% of the patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

On section of the upper lobe a moist pink surface presents medially. Posteriorly a pinkish-red surface presents. There is a small amount of thin frothy fluid in the air sacs. [vlib.us]

Continuous variables are presented as the mean ± SD, whereas categorical data are presented as frequency distribution and percentages. Qualitative data were analyzed by using chi square test. [omicsonline.org]

But the staff of the White House panel said in a statement today that ''the evidence from the best detectors available in the field indicates mustard was present'' and that ''exposure should be presumed.'' Continue reading the main story [nytimes.com]

• Pain

  RESULTS: All patients suffered from neuropathic pain or other deafferentation symptoms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Eyes : Irritation, pain, swelling, and tearing may occur within 3-12 hours. A more severe exposure may cause symptoms within 1-2 hours and may also include light sensitivity, severe pain, or blindness (lasting up to 10 days). [thechangeofethics.weebly.com]

  But eventually you would see red spots forming on your skin that quickly turned into painful blisters. [science.howstuffworks.com]

  Digestive tract: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, and vomiting. [mashable.com]

  Irritation of the respiratory tract can cause pain, shortness of breath, and a cough, among other symptoms, while exposure of the digestive tract can result in pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea. [borgenproject.org]

• Disability

  Evidence Requirements The evidence must show exposure to mustard gas during military service The evidence must show one of the diseases or disabilities in 38 CFR 3.316(a) OR medical evidence that shows a relationship between a disease or disability (not [benefits.va.gov]

  We can offer guidance regarding your eligibility for Veteran’s Disability Benefits. We do not charge veterans for attorneys’ fees unless we are successful in obtaining disability benefits for our clients. [fight4vets.com]

  An emailed statement from the VA sent Tuesday by spokesman James Hutton said the agency recognizes that full body mustard gas exposure might have caused disabilities. [dailymail.co.uk]

  Less widely known is the fact that many persons employed in the handling of mustard gas and exposed to small quantities of the vapor over a prolonged period of time may sustain damage to the respiratory mucosa which may leave them partially or totally disabled [annals.org]

  Find out if you can get disability compensation or benefits for illnesses or other conditions, like the ones listed below, believed to be caused by contact with harmful chemicals or other hazardous materials while serving in the military. [vets.gov]

• Camping

  The new policy would require the VA to reconsider all denied claims for alleged full-body exposure to mustard gas and lewisite brought by World War II veterans who were stationed at 22 locations, including Camp Crowder, Mo. [kansascity.com]

  We have been able to prove that mustard gas was used at Camp Crowder, through reports published by the Army Corps of Engineers.” [kspr.com]

  Camp Lejeune, North Carolina Naval Training Center, Bainbridge, Maryland Camp Sibert, Alabama Ondal, India Dugway Proving Ground, Utah Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland San Jose Island, Panama Canal Zone Ft. [benefits.va.gov]

  By | Posted: Thu 7:24 AM, Aug 03, 2017 WASHINGTON The Arla Harrell Act is named for the last living Missouri veteran exposed to those mustard gas experiments at Camp Crowder near Neosho. The bill was sponsored by Missouri Sen. [ky3.com]

  Harrell was hospitalized at the camp and then again in Munich when he was sent overseas. After his discharge, he faced a lifetime of pulmonary issues, skin cancers and strokes. Other exposed men suffered similar health issues. [chicagotribune.com]

• Falling

  Under the new law, the burden of proof for those claims would fall on the VA, rather than veterans. [kansascity.com]

  Munitions, devices and other equipment specifically designed to weaponise toxic chemicals also fall under the definition of chemical weapons. [opcw.org]

  The blame falls on his superiors and, through the decades, the military and government officials who failed to help him. In 1945, Harrell was 18 and an orphan, the eldest of three siblings. [chicagotribune.com]

  Fifth, the burden of proof often falls on the veteran, and missing or inaccurate records make proving their claim impossible, according to the report. [thehill.com]

  These forces total about 523,000 active personnel, all branches of armed forces fall under the command of General Staff of Armed Forces. [wikivisually.com]

• Military Personnel

  Nearly 60,000 soldiers and military personnel were participants in mild exposures, and an estimated 4,000 were subjected to severe exposures due to field exercises over contaminated grounds. [fight4vets.com]

  According to VA, nearly 60,000 military personnel were involved in a wide range of exposure tests, many of them mild exposures. Roughly 4,000 were subjected to “severe, full-body exposures” during field exercises on contaminated grounds. [dav.org]

  This full destructiveness of the gas was really brought home for the Allied forces in 1943, when the SS John Harvey, an American ship carrying both mustard gas and military personnel, was bombed. [io9.gizmodo.com]

  However, many more military personnel were exposed to significant levels of mustard agents or Lewisite than is obvious from service records. [nap.edu]

  Like Agent Orange, those exposures were not recorded in military personnel records. [wusfnews.wusf.usf.edu]

• Cough

  All 23 patients were symptomatic with cough, dyspnea, and/or felt tight in the chest. All of them had significant air trapping in HRCT and a marked increase of residual volume in PFT. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Breathing sulfur mustard's can cause coughing, bronchitis, and other breathing symptoms. Exposure to very high levels can cause long-term respiratory disease or death. [thechangeofethics.weebly.com]

  Mustard gas can burn skin, cause blisters and cause respiratory effects, such as coughing and bronchitis. Higher levels may cause death. It is also more harmful to the skin on hot, humid days, or in tropical climates. [foxnews.com]

  This treatment alleviated dry cough but didn't cure the bronchial infection. For the most severe casualties, medics quarantined the affected patients and hoped for the best. [science.howstuffworks.com]

  You may also need any of the following: Cool mist humidifier: This may make it easier for you to breathe and help decrease your cough. Eye drops or ointment: This may help decrease inflammation and help your eyes heal. [drugs.com]

• Rales

  Lungs: Moist rales throughout. Summary of gross lesions. - Large blebs over back, chest, arms, face, and genitals. Few old adhesions in right pleura, left negative. [vlib.us]

• Painful Cough

  Patients with a mild exposure may present with dyspnea, epistaxis, pain, coughing, or tachypnea. 10,13 More serious exposures may result in bone marrow suppression and leukopenia, reaching its nadir at day 9 postexposure. 11,12 A cohort of Iranian soldiers [centerforhealthsecurity.org]

• Diarrhea

  The digestive tract is also affected, resulting in abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever and vomiting. [livescience.com]

  Digestive tract : Abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, and vomiting may occur." Expected Health Issues: " Contact with sulfur mustard can cause bodily injury. [thechangeofethics.weebly.com]

  […] redness, burning, inflammation and even blindness Skin: itchy redness that is replaced with yellow blisters Respiratory system: runny or bloody nose, sneezing, hoarse throat, shortness of breath, coughing, sinus pain Digestive system: abdominal pain, diarrhea [science.howstuffworks.com]

  Irritation of the respiratory tract can cause pain, shortness of breath, and a cough, among other symptoms, while exposure of the digestive tract can result in pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea. [borgenproject.org]

  Digestive tract: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, and vomiting. [mashable.com]

• Abdominal Pain

  The digestive tract is also affected, resulting in abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever and vomiting. [livescience.com]

  Digestive tract : Abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, and vomiting may occur." Expected Health Issues: " Contact with sulfur mustard can cause bodily injury. [thechangeofethics.weebly.com]

  Digestive system: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea and vomiting Some of the more serious respiratory symptoms would take even longer to surface, needing anywhere from 24 to 48 hours to appear. [science.howstuffworks.com]

  Digestive tract: abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, nausea, and vomiting. [mashable.com]

  Signs and symptoms may begin 4 to 8 hours after you are exposed: Red, burning, or itching skin Blisters Burning or red eyes Sneezing, runny nose, or nosebleeds Sore throat, hoarseness, or coughing Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain Burning [drugs.com]

• Choking

  Verifying Destruction of Old and Abandoned Chemical Weapons Types of Chemical Agents Choking agents Inflicting injury mainly on the respiratory tract, choking agents irritate the nose, throat, and especially the lungs. [opcw.org]

  Phosgene is a choking agent that works by attacking lung tissue. Initial likely symptoms of coughing, choking, tightness in the chest, nausea, and occasionally vomiting occur minutes after exposure. [nationalinterest.org]

  Phosgene as a weapon was more potent than chlorine in that while the latter was potentially deadly it caused the victim to violently cough and choke. [firstworldwar.com]

  In all my dreams, before my helpless sight, He plunges at me, guttering, choking, drowning. [bbc.com]

  Use as a Chemical Warfare Agent Before blister agents were introduced in 1917, most of the chemical weapons in use were choking agents-chlorine and phosgene gas-which necessitated the use of gas masks for respiratory protection. [centerforhealthsecurity.org]

• Cyanosis

  Marked cyanosis of ears, lips, and fingers, and extensive lividity of all dependent parts. Frothy serosanguineous discharge exudes from the mouth and nostrils. The skin shows no burns, scars, wounds, or abrasions. [vlib.us]

• Blister

  Furthermore, the blisters can take months to heal, and no medical countermeasures exist that can speed the rate of healing.” [coastguard.dodlive.mil]

  Blistering is one of numerous symptoms of mustard gas exposure, along with eye irritation, respiratory and digestive problems, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [southcoasttoday.com]

  Larger blisters (> 2cm) may heal faster if lanced and debrided. [centerforhealthsecurity.org]

  In many cases the result was appalling blistering. [chemistryworld.com]

  Eight hours later, Fisher developed blisters, and physicians determined he'd come in contact with a liquid mustard chemical warfare agent. [archive.defense.gov]

• Blurred Vision

  An assessment which included a structured interview reviewing ocular history such as tearing, itching, redeye, blurred vision, and vision loss was performed. [omicsonline.org]

  He said he suffered from bronchitis, hypertension and blurred vision, all of which he said was due to the chemical tests. Efurd died in 2009 at age 83. Johnson, however, said they did volunteer. "There was probably 13 to 18 of us. [al.com]

  Eyes: Nerve agent liquid or vapor readily penetrates the eye tissues and may cause the pupils to contract, blurred and dim vision, headache, redness, tears, pain, nausea, and vomiting. [emedicinehealth.com]

  During or immediately after exposure to dangerous concentrations of phosgene, the following signs and symptoms may develop: ◦Coughing ◦Burning sensation in the throat and eyes ◦Watery eyes ◦Blurred vision ◦Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath ◦ [flipper.diff.org]

• Blepharospasm

  Main clinical symptoms Few hours after the exposure Eyes: gritty feeling, progressive soreness and bloodshot appearance, lachrymation, blepharospasm and photophobia Increased nasal secretion, sneezing Sore throat, coughing, hoarseness and dyspnoea Lung [emro.who.int]

  The mustard gas also affects the cornea, causing conjunctivitis, blepharospasm and cheratinite. Concentrations of about 0.15 mg / liter of air are lethal in about 10 minutes. [flipper.diff.org]

  An asymptomatic period for the eyes is followed by redness and irritation which can progress to corneal damage with photophobia, blepharospasm, excessive lacrimation, and blindness [ 8, 10, 11 ]. [omicsonline.org]

• Eye Pain

  Eyes: Nerve agent liquid or vapor readily penetrates the eye tissues and may cause the pupils to contract, blurred and dim vision, headache, redness, tears, pain, nausea, and vomiting. [emedicinehealth.com]

• Epistaxis

  Patients with a mild exposure may present with dyspnea, epistaxis, pain, coughing, or tachypnea. 10,13 More serious exposures may result in bone marrow suppression and leukopenia, reaching its nadir at day 9 postexposure. 11,12 A cohort of Iranian soldiers [centerforhealthsecurity.org]

• Confusion

  Gas was invented (and very successfully used) as a terror weapon meant to instill confusion and panic among the enemy prior to an offensive. [worldwar1.com]

  Confusion reigned at the port. Blindness, breathing issues, and skin burns overwhelmed the survivors. In addition, a poisonous cloud hovered over the town. [defensemedianetwork.com]

  However the results of their experiment caused as much surprise to the German high command as confusion among their opponents. German infantry did advance into the gap, but nervously and with hesitance. [firstworldwar.com]

• Burning Sensation

  During or immediately after exposure to dangerous concentrations of phosgene, the following signs and symptoms may develop: ◦Coughing ◦Burning sensation in the throat and eyes ◦Watery eyes ◦Blurred vision ◦Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath ◦ [flipper.diff.org]

  In an Iranian group study, patients with confirmed SM poisoning 16 to 20 years after exposure displayed common symptoms such as itching (42.5%), burning sensations (37.5%), photophobia (30.0%), and tearing (27.5%) [ 14, 15 ]. [omicsonline.org]

The final decision regarding which treatment is used for an individual patient remains the clinical responsibility of the prescriber. [medicinesinpregnancy.org]

The future is changing And so mustard gas went from the very real battleground of the WWI trenches into the frontline of cancer treatment. But for J.D, the treatment came too late. [scienceblog.cancerresearchuk.org]

Image: Public Domain, Canada [Source: Mustard Gas From The Great War To Frontline Chemotherapy, Evolution of Cancer Treatments ] [io9.gizmodo.com]

Food and Drug Administration seeking approval of the drug for this new treatment indication. [globalbiodefense.com]

Since then, the VA failed to adequately notify affected veterans of their eligibility for benefits or to provide proper treatment for the chronic and debilitating conditions that resulted from exposure to mustard agents. [walorski.house.gov]

Mustards Prognosis Victims with significant respiratory tract burns usually require admission to the hospital’s intensive care unit. [emedicinehealth.com]

RESULTS: A relatively early age of lung cancer onset (ranging from 28 to 73 with a mean of 48) in mustard gas victims, particularly those in the non-smoking population (mean age of 40.7), may be an indication of a unique etiology for these cancers. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

[…] and Internal Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan 2 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Mazda Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan 3 Tadanoumi Branch Hospital, Kure Kyosai Hospital, Takehara, Japan 4 Department of Epidemiology [oem.bmj.com]

There were no epidemiologic studies done of mustard-agent exposed U.S. chemical weapons productions workers, war gas handlers and trainers, or combat casualties from WWII. [nationalacademies.org]

The committee was additionally dismayed that there were no epidemiological studies done of mustard agent-exposed, U.S. chemical weapons production workers, war gas handlers and trainers, or combat casualties from WWII. [nap.edu]

A chart of signs and symptoms is available from the North Carolina Statewide Program for Infection Control and Epidemiology. [emedicinehealth.com]

This book provides a comprehensive review and analysis of the acute toxic effects of sulfur mustard (mustard gas); the injuries that this compound produces in skin, eye, airway, and other tissues; and possibilities for the prevention of these injuries [books.google.com]

Preincubation of cells with a serine protease inhibitor (PMSF), or a metalloprotease inhibitor (1,10-phenanthroline) prior to SM exposure partially prevented SM-induced degradation of laminin-5 subunits, beta3 and gamma2. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry website. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/mmg/mmg.asp?id=922&tid=190. Accessed February 26, 2014. [centerforhealthsecurity.org]

“This is critical to preventing serious injury and death from any such attack.” [eohsi.rutgers.edu]

Patients who have been exposed to anthrax are sometimes given this medication to prevent an anthrax infection. Pernaruttoon altistuneille potilaille annetaan joskus tätä lääkitystä pernarutto-infektion estämiseksi. [tr-ex.me]