Case presentation : A 27-year-old man was presented with a history of swelling and exudative erythematous lesions and pustules of the right forearm. He worked as a laborer at an aquarium store. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Medical records were reviewed, and relevant demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical data, including initial clinical presentation, alternative diagnoses, time between initial presentation and definitive diagnosis, and specific treatment, were recorded [mdedge.com]

The infection presents as an erythematous papule that enlarges over several weeks and eventually ulcerates. [consultant360.com]

Indeed, within 2 weeks of treatment the clinical presentation had already significantly improved. [medcraveonline.com]

• Fishing

  Key Words: Mycobacterium marinum, atypical mycobacteria, hand infection, granuloma Mycobacterium marinum is a natural pathogen of fish that has been responsible for the outbreaks of disease in both fresh and salt water, fish in a wide geographic distribution [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Scopus (8) PubMed Crossref Google Scholar Littlejohn GO Dixon PL Fish fancier's finger.J Rheum. 1984; 11: 390-391 PubMed Google Scholar Hugh TB Coleman MJ “Fish fancier's finger” tropical fish tank granuloma.Med J Aust. 1981; 13: 614-615 Google Scholar [cidjournal.com]

  A history of exposure to fish or fish tank water was mentioned in nine cases. [cureus.com]

  Fish tank hobby is obviously the main risk factor for M marinum infection, although the prevalence of infection among fish tank owners is not known. [jamanetwork.com]

• Swelling

  Case presentation : A 27-year-old man was presented with a history of swelling and exudative erythematous lesions and pustules of the right forearm. He worked as a laborer at an aquarium store. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Despite two courses of treatment with antimicrobial agents and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, the initial inflammation and tenderness of her thumb had gradually progressed to diffuse swelling, tenderness, and stiffness of her entire left hand, wrist [nejm.org]

  Swimming Pool Granuloma due to Mycobacterium marinum may lead to the following complications: Tenosynovitis: It is an inflammation of the sheath that covers the tendons, resulting in pain and swelling in the affected areas. [dovemed.com]

  One week later she noticed swelling, erythema and purulent material under the nail bed. [mdedge.com]

• Skin Lesion

  Histopathology examination of the lesions showed nonspecific inflammation to granuloma formation. Results of gram stain and routine culture from biopsy of skin lesions in both blood agar and McConckey agar were negative. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  More than 1 skin lesion was observed in 32 (67%) of 48 patients informed about this item. The clinical description of the skin lesions was reported for 61 patients. [jamanetwork.com]

  Treatment typically is continued for one to two months after resolution of skin lesions. [aafp.org]

  Surgical removal of infected lymph nodes and aggressive debridement of infected skin lesions is sometimes necessary. In severe cases, skin grafts may be necessary to repair the surgical wound. [dermnetnz.org]

• Subcutaneous Nodule

  Including our index case, all 6 cases presented with multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules that had spread locally in the involved extremity. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  Subcutaneous nodules with sporotrichoid spread. Schwendiman MN, Johnson RP, Henning JS. Schwendiman MN, et al. Dermatol Online J. 2009 May 15;15(5):11. Dermatol Online J. 2009. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  nodules Atypical mycobacterial infection See more images of atypical mycobacterial infections ... [dermnetnz.org]

  •Nocardiosis, which is caused by a gram-positive, filamentous, acid-fast bacteria and presents as tender subcutaneous nodules and nonhealing ulcers after traumatic inoculation with contaminated soil. 4 •Leishmaniasis, which is caused by an intracellular [consultant360.com]

  Lesions present as firm, painless, subcutaneous nodules that gradually enlarge and suppurate, then form ulcers and sinus tracts in overlying skin. Typical ulcers have undermined edges and a floor of granulation tissue. [patient.info]

• Furunculosis

  […] healthy young patients Severe immunosuppression, especially AIDS, may cause disseminated skin and soft tissue lesions Often the cause of wound and surgical-site infections from contaminated water sources Causes a non-healing ulcerative skin lesion, furunculosis [dermnetnz.org]

  Besides, cutaneous lesions are generally nonspecific and are often initially misdiagnosed as pyoderma, furunculosis, or even sporotrichosis [20]–[22]. [journals.plos.org]

• Skin Ulcer

  Diagnostic assessment For diagnostic testing, a small sample of one of the patient’s skin ulcers was obtained and sent for histopathologic analysis; the granulomas confirmed the diagnosis of M. marinum. [medcraveonline.com]

• Anger

  Verret, MD (Angers); B. Hautefort, MD (Arles); C. Boval-Gallet, MD (Bligny); M.-S. Doutre, MD, B. Geniaux, MD, P. Mouton, MD, J. Texier-Maugein, MD (Bordeaux); M.-L. Abalain, MD (Brest); A. Dompmartin, MD, M. Fines, MD, B. Malbruny, MD (Caen); M. [jamanetwork.com]

Obtaining a complete and thorough history from the patient is important, because clues from the patient’s history prompt the workup and subsequent treatment for the rare skin disease. [aocd.org]

The outcome was evaluated for the 63 patients: 55 (87%) were cured and 8 (13%) experienced treatment failure. The patients in whom treatment failed are described in Table 3. [jamanetwork.com]

Three patients had PPD and MAS reactions differing by Treatment results. Treatment regimens and outcomes are summarized in table 1. [academic.oup.com]

On average, the duration of the treatment is three months or six weeks after clinical healing [2], but a much longer treatment duration (up to 12 months) may be necessary in case of a deep extension or dissemination [2, 18-19]. [cureus.com]

Figure 4 Evolution during and after treatment. (a) Dorsum of the fifth right finger, one month after the beginning of treatment. (b) Dorsum of the right finger, three months after initiation of treatment. [scielo.br]

Despite some previous reports showing successful treatment of M. marinum infection with DOX or minocycline [25], [26], the effectiveness of DOX treatment was still controversial due to several reports of treatment failure [11], [26]–[28]. [journals.plos.org]

A diagnostic distinction between M marinum infection and ENKL is clinically important, as misdirected treatment will lead to poor prognosis. [journals.lww.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) Swimming pool granulomas can usually be cured with antibiotics. But, you may have scarring. Possible Complications Tendon, joint, or bone infections sometimes occur. [ufhealth.org]

Foundation, Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy Abstract: Mycobacterium marinum is the etiologic agent of fish tank granuloma. The clinical course is usually benign: spontaneous healing is possible within weeks or months. [dovepress.com]

Background Mycobacterium marinum, a ubiquitous pathogen of fish and amphibia, is a near relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans. [bacmap.wishartlab.com]

Overview Mycobacterium marinum, a ubiquitous pathogen of fish and amphibia, is a near relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans. [uniprot.org]

(Etiology) Swimming Pool Granuloma is an uncommon bacterial infection affecting the skin, caused by Mycobacterium marinum This opportunistic pathogen infects the body through (open) skin cut wounds resulting in the condition. [dovemed.com]

Definition / general Skin disorders (ulcerations, abscesses, rheumatoid-like nodules, histiocytic reactions, panniculitis), most commonly due to M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. ulcerans Epidemiology Nontuberculous mycobacteria are nonpathogenetic; they inhabit [pathologyoutlines.com]

In this case report, we will discuss the patient’s history and clinical assessment, the timeline, the clinical course and interventions, and the epidemiology of the Mycobacterium marinum ( M. marinum ). [medcraveonline.com]

Epidemiology Frequency United States M marinum infections are rare but well described in the literature. The estimated annual incidence is 0.27 cases per 100,000 adult patients. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculosis mycobacteria. Clin Microbiol Rev 1996;9:177-215 [ PUBMED ] 4. Horsburgh CR Jr. Epidemiology of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria. Semin Respir Infect 1996;11:244-51. [ PUBMED ] 5. [ijdvl.com]

Back to Journals » Infection and Drug Resistance » Volume 11 Stefano Veraldi, Paolo Pontini, Gianluca Nazzaro Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, I.R.C.C.S. [dovepress.com]

Pathophysiology M marinum is a slow-growing species that resides in both freshwater and saltwater environments, with optimal growth at 30-32°C. [emedicine.medscape.com]

FEMS microbiology letters. 2003 Aug 29; [PubMed PMID: 12951238] [6] Hashish E,Merwad A,Elgaml S,Amer A,Kamal H,Elsadek A,Marei A,Sitohy M, Mycobacterium marinum infection in fish and man: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management; a review. [statpearls.com]

Author affiliations Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy Dermatology 2014;229:83-87 Abstract Get article FullText PDF Login / Register To view the [karger.com]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2002 March 23, Reviewed). TB and HIV Coinfection. National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination [On-line information]. [labtestsonline.it]

Seite 290 - Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: A meta-analysis. Hepatology 1999; 29: 1655-61 6. ‎ [books.google.de]

An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:367-416. Stamm LM, Brown EJ. [adc.mef.hr]

Instead, preventive strategies are recommended especially for those patients. Distal aspects of the upper limbs, such as the finger/hand, are the most common sites of infection in relation to fish/water animal exposure. [asmscience.org]

Can People Prevent Atypical Mycobacterial Infections? Because mycobacteria are common in the environment, these infections are difficult to prevent, especially in people with weakened immune systems. [humanillnesses.com]