Medical records were reviewed, and relevant demographic, epidemiologic, and clinical data, including initial clinical presentation, alternative diagnoses, time between initial presentation and definitive diagnosis, and specific treatment, were recorded [mdedge.com]

Case presentation : A 27-year-old man was presented with a history of swelling and exudative erythematous lesions and pustules of the right forearm. He worked as a laborer at an aquarium store. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

The site of infection was the upper limbs in all cases. 3 patients presented a single papulo-verrucous lesion, while the remaining 12 showed a sporotrichoid clinical pattern. [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

presentations, differential diagnosis with other granulomatous lesions is essential [ 4 ]. [scielo.br]

• Fishing

  A history of exposure to fish or fish tank water was mentioned in nine cases. [cureus.com]

  Key Words: Mycobacterium marinum, atypical mycobacteria, hand infection, granuloma Mycobacterium marinum is a natural pathogen of fish that has been responsible for the outbreaks of disease in both fresh and salt water, fish in a wide geographic distribution [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Aust NZ J Surg. 1982; 52: 189-192 Scopus (8) PubMed Crossref Google Scholar Littlejohn GO Dixon PL Fish fancier's finger. J Rheum. 1984; 11: 390-391 PubMed Google Scholar Hugh TB Coleman MJ “Fish fancier's finger” tropical fish tank granuloma. [cidjournal.com]

  Persons with open skin lesions or immunosuppression should avoid cutaneous contact with fish tanks. [academic.oup.com]

• Swelling

  Furthermore, the patient stated that the swelling had appeared 2 years earlier, followed, 6 months later, by the appearance of the ulcers. [dovepress.com]

  Despite two courses of treatment with antimicrobial agents and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, the initial inflammation and tenderness of her thumb had gradually progressed to diffuse swelling, tenderness, and stiffness of her entire left hand, wrist [nejm.org]

  Case presentation : A 27-year-old man was presented with a history of swelling and exudative erythematous lesions and pustules of the right forearm. He worked as a laborer at an aquarium store. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Swimming Pool Granuloma due to Mycobacterium marinum may lead to the following complications: Tenosynovitis: It is an inflammation of the sheath that covers the tendons, resulting in pain and swelling in the affected areas. [dovemed.com]

• Pneumonia

  Chlamydia Pneumoniae 184. Mycoplasma Pneumoniae and Atypical Pneumonia Section D. Mycoplasma Diseases 185. Genital Mycoplasmas: Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma Species Section E. [euro-libris.ro]

  Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy, and prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1730-54. ‎ Seite 230 - In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. [books.google.de]

  Fatal Mycobacterium peregrinum pneumonia in refractory polymyositis treated with infliximab. Rheumatology 44, 1201 –1202. [jmm.microbiologyresearch.org]

• Wrist Arthritis

  Mycobacerium marinum wrist arthritis: local and systematic dissemination caused by concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. Scand J Infect Dis. 1998 ; 30 : 84 – 7. DOI PubMed Holmes GF, Harrington SM, Romagnoli MJ, Merz WG. [wwwnc.cdc.gov]

• Skin Lesion

  Histopathology examination of the lesions showed nonspecific inflammation to granuloma formation. Results of gram stain and routine culture from biopsy of skin lesions in both blood agar and McConckey agar were negative. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Skin lesion samples were also collected and kept on DNA banking cards for PCR testing. Results Twenty-nine of the 100 individuals with skin lesions, and therefore suspected of suffering from CL, tested positive for Mycobacterium marinum by PCR. [journals.plos.org]

  It also can involve the lymph nodes and cause skin lesions. In people with weak immune systems, the infection can erupt into widespread disease. [humanillnesses.com]

• Subcutaneous Nodule

  Subcutaneous nodules with sporotrichoid spread. Schwendiman MN, Johnson RP, Henning JS. Schwendiman MN, et al. Dermatol Online J. 2009 May 15;15(5):11. Dermatol Online J. 2009. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Including our index case, all 6 cases presented with multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules that had spread locally in the involved extremity. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  nodules Atypical mycobacterial infection See more images of atypical mycobacterial infections ... [dermnetnz.org]

  •Nocardiosis, which is caused by a gram-positive, filamentous, acid-fast bacteria and presents as tender subcutaneous nodules and nonhealing ulcers after traumatic inoculation with contaminated soil. 4 •Leishmaniasis, which is caused by an intracellular [consultant360.com]

  […] of distal extensor of forearm, 2 proximal subcutaneous nodules in sporotrichoid distribution Clar, 500 mg bid, + Eth, 900 mg OD Improved at 6 months of treatment 11 (this case) 72/M K/CyA, Pred, MMF fish tank 9 years Single painless nodule on the R index [cureus.com]

• Eruptions

  Affiliations PMID: 16436349 Review Disseminated Mycobacterium marinum infection with extensive cutaneous eruption and bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient Markus Streit et al. Eur J Dermatol. Jan-Feb 2006. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  [1] Streit M,Böhlen LM,Hunziker T,Zimmerli S,Tscharner GG,Nievergelt H,Bodmer T,Braathen LR, Disseminated Mycobacterium marinum infection with extensive cutaneous eruption and bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient. [statpearls.com]

  Granulomas which are present in the muscle below the skin will erupt out to form ulcers, they may form in the brain of the fish causing abnormal behaviour and they even form in the bones of the fish causing deformities. [fishtanksandponds.co.uk]

  Disseminated Mycobacterium marinum infection with extensive cutaneous eruption and bacteremia in an immunocompromised patient. Eur J Dermatol 16, 79 –83. [Google Scholar] Swart, R. M., van Ingen, J., van Soolingen, D., Slingerland, R., Hendriks, W. [jmm.microbiologyresearch.org]

  In people with weak immune systems, the infection can erupt into widespread disease. This infection is rare in the United States, but people with chronic lung disease are especially susceptible. [humanillnesses.com]

• Furunculosis

  […] healthy young patients Severe immunosuppression, especially AIDS, may cause disseminated skin and soft tissue lesions Often the cause of wound and surgical-site infections from contaminated water sources Causes a non-healing ulcerative skin lesion, furunculosis [dermnetnz.org]

  Besides, cutaneous lesions are generally nonspecific and are often initially misdiagnosed as pyoderma, furunculosis, or even sporotrichosis [20] – [22]. [journals.plos.org]

• Skin Ulcer

  Diagnostic assessment For diagnostic testing, a small sample of one of the patient’s skin ulcers was obtained and sent for histopathologic analysis; the granulomas confirmed the diagnosis of M. marinum. [medcraveonline.com]

Obtaining a complete and thorough history from the patient is important, because clues from the patient’s history prompt the workup and subsequent treatment for the rare skin disease. [aocd.org]

• Mycobacterium Kansasii

  Swimming pool granuloma is caused by: (LQ) A Mycobacterium bovis B Mycobacterium ulcerans C Mycobacterium kansasii D Mycobacterium marinum Ans. [gradestack.com]

  Some of those causing atypical mycobacterial infections include: Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare Mycobacterium kansasii Mycobacterium marinum Mycobacterium ulcerans Mycobacterium chelonae Mycobacterium fortuitum Mycobacterium abscessus Mycobacterium [dermnetnz.org]

  A cooperative numerical study of Mycobacterium gastri, Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium marinum. Journal of General Microbiology 109, 319 – 327. Wayne, L. G., Doubek, J. R. & Russell, R. L. ( 1964 ). [cambridge.org]

  Mycobacterium kansasii is a slow... Read More [mdedge.com]

Three patients had PPD and MAS reactions differing by Treatment results. Treatment regimens and outcomes are summarized in table 1. [academic.oup.com]

On average, the duration of the treatment is three months or six weeks after clinical healing [2], but a much longer treatment duration (up to 12 months) may be necessary in case of a deep extension or dissemination [2, 18-19]. [cureus.com]

Treatment regimens and duration The treatment regimens and median duration are listed in Table 2. Table 2 Treatment of patients with M. marinum infection in Denmark. [nature.com]

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. [pennstatehershey.adam.com]

Treatment failure is usually related to deep structure involvement or inappropriate therapies [ 5 ],[ 12 ]. Figure 4 Evolution during and after treatment. (a) Dorsum of the fifth right finger, one month after the beginning of treatment. [scielo.br]

A diagnostic distinction between M marinum infection and ENKL is clinically important, as misdirected treatment will lead to poor prognosis. [journals.lww.com]

Outlook (Prognosis) Swimming pool granulomas can usually be cured with antibiotics. But, you may have scarring. Possible Complications Tendon, joint, or bone infections sometimes occur. [pennstatehershey.adam.com]

Foundation, Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy Abstract: Mycobacterium marinum is the etiologic agent of fish tank granuloma. The clinical course is usually benign: spontaneous healing is possible within weeks or months. [dovepress.com]

Overview Mycobacterium marinum, a ubiquitous pathogen of fish and amphibia, is a near relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans. [uniprot.org]

Background Mycobacterium marinum, a ubiquitous pathogen of fish and amphibia, is a near relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans. [bacmap.wishartlab.com]

(Etiology) Swimming Pool Granuloma is an uncommon bacterial infection affecting the skin, caused by Mycobacterium marinum This opportunistic pathogen infects the body through (open) skin cut wounds resulting in the condition. [dovemed.com]

Eventually, he was diagnosed with a skin infection whose etiological bacterium was identified as Mycobacterium marinum. This atypical mycobacterium is found in fresh or salt water, and is the most common bacterial infection in humans. [medcraveonline.com]

Definition / general Skin disorders (ulcerations, abscesses, rheumatoid-like nodules, histiocytic reactions, panniculitis), most commonly due to M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. ulcerans Epidemiology Nontuberculous mycobacteria are nonpathogenetic; they inhabit [pathologyoutlines.com]

The chapter describes epidemiology and prevention of M. marinum. Citation: Cambau E, Aubry A. 2011. Mycobacterium marinum, p 586-600. In Schlossberg D (ed), Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections, Sixth Edition. [asmscience.org]

In this case report, we will discuss the patient’s history and clinical assessment, the timeline, the clinical course and interventions, and the epidemiology of the Mycobacterium marinum ( M. marinum ). [medcraveonline.com]

Epidemiology Frequency United States M marinum infections are rare but well described in the literature. The estimated annual incidence is 0.27 cases per 100,000 adult patients. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Back to Journals » Infection and Drug Resistance » Volume 11 Stefano Veraldi, Paolo Pontini, Gianluca Nazzaro Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, I.R.C.C.S. [dovepress.com]

FEMS microbiology letters. 2003 Aug 29; [PubMed PMID: 12951238] [6] Hashish E,Merwad A,Elgaml S,Amer A,Kamal H,Elsadek A,Marei A,Sitohy M, Mycobacterium marinum infection in fish and man: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management; a review. [statpearls.com]

Pathophysiology M marinum is a slow-growing species that resides in both freshwater and saltwater environments, with optimal growth at 30-32°C. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Author affiliations Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy Dermatology 2014;229:83-87 Abstract Get article FullText PDF Login / Register To view the [karger.com]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2002 March 23, Reviewed). TB and HIV Coinfection. National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Division of Tuberculosis Elimination [On-line information]. [labtestsonline.it]

Seite 290 - Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: A meta-analysis. Hepatology 1999; 29: 1655-61 6. ‎ [books.google.de]

Instead, preventive strategies are recommended especially for those patients. Distal aspects of the upper limbs, such as the finger/hand, are the most common sites of infection in relation to fish/water animal exposure. [asmscience.org]

Can People Prevent Atypical Mycobacterial Infections? Because mycobacteria are common in the environment, these infections are difficult to prevent, especially in people with weakened immune systems. [humanillnesses.com]