Case presentation : A 27-year-old man was presented with a history of swelling and exudative erythematous lesions and pustules of the right forearm. He worked as a laborer at an aquarium store. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

As in the present study, most patients have a sportotrichoid presentation on the upper extremity [ 15 ]. Lesions may have purulent drainage, and satellite lesions may appear and coalesce. [academic.oup.com]

Designed specifically with physicians, pharmacologists, and other members of the health care delivery team in mind, the CRC Desk Reference of Clinical Pharmacology features more than 2,000 entries appearing in three formats: Short reviews: these present [books.google.com]

The site of infection was the upper limbs in all cases. 3 patients presented a single papulo-verrucous lesion, while the remaining 12 showed a sporotrichoid clinical pattern. [moh-it.pure.elsevier.com]

• Fishing

  Indirect infection has also been described due to a child's bath that was used to clean out a fish tank ( 16, 17 ). The patient described in this report was occupationally exposed to fish. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Persons with open skin lesions or immunosuppression should avoid cutaneous contact with fish tanks. [academic.oup.com]

  A history of exposure to fish or fish tank water was mentioned in nine cases. [cureus.com]

• Swelling

  Case presentation : A 27-year-old man was presented with a history of swelling and exudative erythematous lesions and pustules of the right forearm. He worked as a laborer at an aquarium store. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Despite two courses of treatment with antimicrobial agents and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, the initial inflammation and tenderness of her thumb had gradually progressed to diffuse swelling, tenderness, and stiffness of her entire left hand, wrist [nejm.org]

  Swimming Pool Granuloma due to Mycobacterium marinum may lead to the following complications: Tenosynovitis: It is an inflammation of the sheath that covers the tendons, resulting in pain and swelling in the affected areas. [dovemed.com]

• Asymptomatic

  On admission, physical examination revealed an asymptomatic erythematous, scaly nodule over the proximal interphalangeal joint of the right index finger (Figure 1A). [cureus.com]

  In addition, although recent studies have emphasized the influence of asymptomatic infection with environmental nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), such as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), on the tuberculin skin test [ 11 ], detailed data have not been [academic.oup.com]

  Case presentation A 51 year-old male patient, who worked as administrative assistant, reported an asymptomatic lesion on the fifth right finger with five years of evolution. The lesion initially presented as small papules, followed by scaling. [scielo.br]

• Skin Lesion

  Results of gram stain and routine culture from biopsy of skin lesions in both blood agar and McConckey agar were negative. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Persons with open skin lesions or immunosuppression should avoid cutaneous contact with fish tanks. [academic.oup.com]

  Treatment typically is continued for one to two months after resolution of skin lesions. [aafp.org]

  Surgical removal of infected lymph nodes and aggressive debridement of infected skin lesions is sometimes necessary. In severe cases, skin grafts may be necessary to repair the surgical wound. [dermnetnz.org]

• Papule

  About 2 to 8 weeks after inoculation, a solitary papule forms that often progresses to a granulomatous nodule or multiple papules. [consultant360.com]

  Multiple erythematous papules on the trunk were seen. (D, E) Close-up view of the yellowish atrophic scars and erythematous papules, respectively. To diagnose her unusual lesion, skin biopsy was performed. [medicaljournals.se]

  The disease begins as a violaceous papule or nodule ( 7, 18 ). It can also be presented as a psoriasiform or verrucous plaque, usually on the hands, feet, elbows or knees, at the site of trauma, about 2 to 3 weeks after inoculation ( 7, 18 ). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  […] crusted ulcers; also papulopustules, cellulitis or spreading infection resembling sporotrichosis Rarely, squamous cell carcinoma may arise in a chronic Buruli ulcer Clinical images Images hosted on other servers: Swimming pool granuloma Swollen, red papules [pathologyoutlines.com]

• Subcutaneous Nodule

  Including our index case, all 6 cases presented with multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules that had spread locally in the involved extremity. [onlinelibrary.wiley.com]

  Subcutaneous nodules with sporotrichoid spread. Schwendiman MN, Johnson RP, Henning JS. Schwendiman MN, et al. Dermatol Online J. 2009 May 15;15(5):11. Dermatol Online J. 2009. [pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Isolate source VNTR locia Locus 1 Locus 6 Locus 15 Locus 16 Locus 18 MIRU2 MIRU5 VNTR2067 VNTR3422 Patient 1 Subcutaneous nodule 2 2 3 3 2 2 NA 3 4 Fish 2 2 3 3 2 2 NA 3 4 Patient 2 Puncture 2 2 3 4 2 2 2 3 4 Pus 2 2 3 4 2 2 2 3 4 Subcutaneous nodule [hindawi.com]

  nodules Atypical mycobacterial infection See more images of atypical mycobacterial infections ... [dermnetnz.org]

  •Nocardiosis, which is caused by a gram-positive, filamentous, acid-fast bacteria and presents as tender subcutaneous nodules and nonhealing ulcers after traumatic inoculation with contaminated soil. 4 •Leishmaniasis, which is caused by an intracellular [consultant360.com]

• Furunculosis

  […] healthy young patients Severe immunosuppression, especially AIDS, may cause disseminated skin and soft tissue lesions Often the cause of wound and surgical-site infections from contaminated water sources Causes a non-healing ulcerative skin lesion, furunculosis [dermnetnz.org]

  Besides, cutaneous lesions are generally nonspecific and are often initially misdiagnosed as pyoderma, furunculosis, or even sporotrichosis [20] – [22]. [journals.plos.org]

• Skin Ulcer

  Diagnostic assessment For diagnostic testing, a small sample of one of the patient’s skin ulcers was obtained and sent for histopathologic analysis; the granulomas confirmed the diagnosis of M. marinum. [medcraveonline.com]

Obtaining a complete and thorough history from the patient is important, because clues from the patient’s history prompt the workup and subsequent treatment for the rare skin disease. [aocd.org]

Three patients had PPD and MAS reactions differing by Treatment results. Treatment regimens and outcomes are summarized in table 1. [academic.oup.com]

Procop, one of the most outstanding young clinical pathologists in medical microbiology in American medicine, shares his vision about how new technologies may be used to rapidly identify pathogenic organisms and detect resistance to treatment regimens [books.google.com]

On average, the duration of the treatment is three months or six weeks after clinical healing [2], but a much longer treatment duration (up to 12 months) may be necessary in case of a deep extension or dissemination [2, 18-19]. [cureus.com]

Clinical features, treatment, and antibiotic susceptibility of causative isolates. Arch Intern Med. 2002; 162 :1746–52. [ PubMed ] [ Google Scholar ] 5. Huminer D, Pitlik SD, Block C, Kaufman L, Amit S, Rosenfield JB. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Outlook (Prognosis) Swimming pool granulomas can usually be cured with antibiotics. But, you may have scarring. Possible Complications Tendon, joint, or bone infections sometimes occur. [ufhealth.org]

A diagnostic distinction between M marinum infection and ENKL is clinically important, as misdirected treatment will lead to poor prognosis. [journals.lww.com]

Foundation, Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy Abstract: Mycobacterium marinum is the etiologic agent of fish tank granuloma. The clinical course is usually benign: spontaneous healing is possible within weeks or months. [dovepress.com]

Background Mycobacterium marinum, a ubiquitous pathogen of fish and amphibia, is a near relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans. [bacmap.wishartlab.com]

Overview Mycobacterium marinum, a ubiquitous pathogen of fish and amphibia, is a near relative of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiologic agent of tuberculosis in humans. [uniprot.org]

(Etiology) Swimming Pool Granuloma is an uncommon bacterial infection affecting the skin, caused by Mycobacterium marinum This opportunistic pathogen infects the body through (open) skin cut wounds resulting in the condition. [dovemed.com]

Definition / general Skin disorders (ulcerations, abscesses, rheumatoid-like nodules, histiocytic reactions, panniculitis), most commonly due to M. kansasii, M. marinum, M. ulcerans Epidemiology Nontuberculous mycobacteria are nonpathogenetic; they inhabit [pathologyoutlines.com]

The chapter describes epidemiology and prevention of M. marinum. Citation: Cambau E, Aubry A. 2011. Mycobacterium marinum, p 586-600. In Schlossberg D (ed), Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections, Sixth Edition. [asmscience.org]

In this case report, we will discuss the patient’s history and clinical assessment, the timeline, the clinical course and interventions, and the epidemiology of the Mycobacterium marinum ( M. marinum ). [medcraveonline.com]

The epidemiology of disseminated nontuberculous mycobacterial infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;139:4-7. Tchornobay AM, Claudy AL, Perrot JL, Levigne V, Denis M. [adc.mef.hr]

Back to Journals » Infection and Drug Resistance » Volume 11 Stefano Veraldi, Paolo Pontini, Gianluca Nazzaro Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, I.R.C.C.S. [dovepress.com]

FEMS microbiology letters. 2003 Aug 29; [PubMed PMID: 12951238] [6] Hashish E,Merwad A,Elgaml S,Amer A,Kamal H,Elsadek A,Marei A,Sitohy M, Mycobacterium marinum infection in fish and man: epidemiology, pathophysiology and management; a review. [statpearls.com]

Pathophysiology M marinum is a slow-growing species that resides in both freshwater and saltwater environments, with optimal growth at 30-32 C. [emedicine.medscape.com]

Author affiliations Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, IRCCS Foundation Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy Dermatology 2014;229:83-87 Abstract Get article FullText PDF Login / Register To view the [karger.com]

Adequate chlorination has drastically reduced the number of cases acquired from swimming pools, and recent reports emphasize acquisition from fish tanks but do not offer recommendations for prevention [ 3, 5–10 ]. [academic.oup.com]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (July 1, 2010 Reviewed). Diagnosis of Tuberculous Disease. Available online at through . Accessed January 2011. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [labtestsonline.it]

Seite 290 - Antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with gastrointestinal bleeding: A meta-analysis. Hepatology 1999; 29: 1655-61 6. ‎ [books.google.de]

An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:367-416. Stamm LM, Brown EJ. [adc.mef.hr]

Instead, preventive strategies are recommended especially for those patients. Distal aspects of the upper limbs, such as the finger/hand, are the most common sites of infection in relation to fish/water animal exposure. [asmscience.org]