Bilateral peribronchial and perivascular interstitial infiltrates were most frequently seen in the present patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Fever

  Interleukin-6 serum levels in mycoplasma pneumonia patients with fever for more than 3 days (41.98 /- 67.46 [SD] pg/mL) were significantly higher than those in patients with fever or 3 days (10.01 /- 11.74 pg/mL, p 0.05). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pain

  Here, we report an unusual case of a patient who presented with fever and abdominal pain, but without pulmonary manifestations. The laboratory work-up demonstrated a hepatocellular pattern of acute hepatitis caused by M. pneumonia infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  PNEUMONIA and pulmonary embolism may present clinically in a similar fashion.1 Hemoptysis, dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain, hypoxemia, respiratory alkalosis, and fever are features commonly seen in both diseases. [jamanetwork.com]

  Central nervous system (CNS) involvement Gastrointestinal manifestations, eg, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Joint pain If indications are not present, testing for Mycoplasma pneumoniae is not indicated as this is usually a mild, self-limited disease [arupconsult.com]

  Clinical findings Incubation 3 weeks; insidious onset of fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, low-grade fever, cough, chest pain and respiratory disease, from asymptomatic to rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

• Anemia

  This case demonstrates that, even in patients with clinically mild pneumonia, M. pneumoniae may be the cause of severe anemia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Mycoplasma atypical pneumonia can be complicated by Stevens–Johnson syndrome, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, cardiovascular diseases, encephalitis, or Guillain–Barré syndrome. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Apart from respiratory tract infections, this organism is also responsible for producing a wide spectrum of non-pulmonary manifestations including neurological, hepatic, cardiac diseases, hemolytic anemia, polyarthritis and erythema multiforme. [lungindia.com]

• Malaise

  Clinical findings Incubation 3 weeks; insidious onset of fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, low-grade fever, cough, chest pain and respiratory disease, from asymptomatic to rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  The diagnosis is suspected when the patient presents with symptoms suggesting primary atypical pneumonia including cough, fever, chills, headache, and malaise in association with a segmental or subsegmental pulmonary infiltrate(s), the white blood cell [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Infection occurs in 3 to 4 year cycles in temperate climates and chiefly affects children and young adults, causing an atypical pneumonia characterised by an influenza-like respiratory illness of gradual onset with headache, malaise, fever and cough [gpnotebook.co.uk]

  Tabs Content Clinical Overview Diagnosis Indications for Testing Mild illness consisting of upper or lower respiratory illness with gradual onset of Malaise Fever Headache Sore throat Persistent cough Atypical pneumonia appearance on chest x-ray (patchy [arupconsult.com]

• Fatigue

  …” I have all the official documents to prove that mycoplasma is the disease agent in chronic fatigue syndrome/fibromyalgia as well as in AIDS, multiple sclerosis and many other illnesses. [frequencyfoundation.com]

  Common symptoms of pneumonia include: Cough that may produce mucus Fever and chills Shortness of breath Chest pain Fatigue Children younger than 5 years old often do not run a fever when they have an illness caused by M. pneumoniae. [cdc.gov]

  Mycoplasma have been linked with several chronic diseases, including chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, gulf war syndrome, and rheumatoid arthritis. [bacmap.wishartlab.com]

  Symptoms might include a bothersome and long-lasting cough (this is most common), fatigue, sore throat, hoarseness, low-grade fever, headache, loss of appetite, chest pain, and, less commonly, a bumpy red skin rash. [kidshealth.org]

  Some common symptoms of mycoplasma pneumonia include: A cough (either it is a dry cough or it produces just a small amount of clear sputum -- if there is color in the sputum, it often happens later) Headache Sore throat A general feeling of fatigue Low-grade [bacteria.emedtv.com]

• Cough

  The aim of this study was to clarify cough sensitivity in Mycoplasma pneumonia, which is a well known acute lower respiratory infection with persistent nonproductive cough. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Pleural Effusion

  The possibility of Mycoplasma pneumonia should not be dismissed merely because of the severity of the illness or the presence of pleural effusions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Dry Cough

  Although dry cough was observed in all patients during Mycoplasma pneumonia, cough sensitivity in the acute phase [capsaicin: 19.8 (GSEM, 0.214) microM, tartaric acid: 0.26 (GSEM, 0.356) M] were not enhanced compared with those in both control subjects [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  A dry cough is the most common sign of infection. Untreated or severe cases can affect the brain, heart, peripheral nervous system, skin, and kidneys and cause hemolytic anemia. In rare cases, MP is fatal. [healthline.com]

• Productive Cough

  cough Physical exam non-productive cough bilateral wheezing may be heard on auscultation macropapular or vesicular rash Imaging Chest radiography patchy or diffuse interstitial infiltrates chest radiograph often looks more severe than the patient’s actual [step1.medbullets.com]

  Symptoms develop gradually over several days and include fever, non-productive cough, headache and myalgia. Often it is accompanied by pharyngitis, rhinitis, tracheobronchitis and otitis. [en.vircell.com]

  The inactive cilia of the epithelium cells produce non-productive coughs, fever and sore throat. It also causes an immune repose monopolizing the immune systems but through antigenic variations it capable of avoiding being phagocytized. [web.uconn.edu]

  On hospital day 5, the patient developed a mild productive cough. Her Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) IgM was high, confirming the diagnosis of MP induced FUO. [hindawi.com]

• Persistent Cough

  These results suggest that ECP may work as a factor causing a persistent cough similar to asthma in children with Mycoplasma pneumonia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Tabs Content Clinical Overview Diagnosis Indications for Testing Mild illness consisting of upper or lower respiratory illness with gradual onset of Malaise Fever Headache Sore throat Persistent cough Atypical pneumonia appearance on chest x-ray (patchy [arupconsult.com]

  Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the main causes of persistent cough in patients infected with Bordetella pertussis. [scielo.br]

• Chest Pain

  PNEUMONIA and pulmonary embolism may present clinically in a similar fashion.1 Hemoptysis, dyspnea, tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain, hypoxemia, respiratory alkalosis, and fever are features commonly seen in both diseases. [jamanetwork.com]

  […] symptoms in addition to severe pneumonia – usually prompts testing Rash, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome Hemolysis, secondary to IgM cold agglutinins Cardiac involvement including conduction disturbances, arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, and chest [arupconsult.com]

  Clinical findings Incubation 3 weeks; insidious onset of fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, low-grade fever, cough, chest pain and respiratory disease, from asymptomatic to rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  In two studies the presence of chest pain more than doubled the probability of M. pneumoniae. [cochrane.org]

• Arthritis

  Another of the symptoms that can accompany CCP is arthritis, discussed below. There are some forms of the disease which show no respiratory signs, but merely weakness and a high fever (septicemia, see below). [articles.extension.org]

  Patient had history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on home oxygen, bronchiectasis, rheumatoid arthritis (on methotrexate and leflunomide), treated pulmonary tuberculosis and 30-pack-year smoking. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Chronic Mycoplasma infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatological diseases. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Additionally, it is widely accepted that infection with this organism can result in a variety of extrapulmonary sequelae including septic arthritis, hemolytic anemia, dermatological, renal, central nervous system and cardiac complications. [uniprot.org]

  Chronic mycoplasma infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatological diseases. [globalrph.com]

• Myalgia

  Clinical findings Incubation 3 weeks; insidious onset of fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, low-grade fever, cough, chest pain and respiratory disease, from asymptomatic to rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Symptoms develop gradually over several days and include fever, non-productive cough, headache and myalgia. Often it is accompanied by pharyngitis, rhinitis, tracheobronchitis and otitis. [en.vircell.com]

  Clinical features are an initial nonproductive cough followed by the production of watery or mucoid sputum, fever, rhinorrhea, chest pain, and generalized myalgia. [histopathology-india.net]

  Two weeks prior to her presentation she was seen by her primary care physician for flu‐like symptoms, including myalgias, subjective fevers, nonproductive cough, and malaise. [journalofhospitalmedicine.com]

  Erythematous macropapular and vesicular rashes (25%), nonspecific myalgia, arthralgias and polyarthropathies (14%), cardiac, gastrointestinal, renal complications, and ears symptoms may also occur. [canada.ca]

• Headache

  The diagnosis is suspected when the patient presents with symptoms suggesting primary atypical pneumonia including cough, fever, chills, headache, and malaise in association with a segmental or subsegmental pulmonary infiltrate(s), the white blood cell [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Interestingly, in juveniles, the most common presenting symptom was headache [11], similar to our patient. [hindawi.com]

  Patients suffered from abrupt onset of headache, shaking chills, and severe malaise, followed by fever and cough. Only 2 % required hospitalization. [web.uconn.edu]

  Clinical findings Incubation 3 weeks; insidious onset of fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, low-grade fever, cough, chest pain and respiratory disease, from asymptomatic to rhinitis, pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis and pneumonia. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  Headaches : find out what treatments are available. X-ray examination : is X-ray radiation dangerous? Antibiotics : find information about the different medicines for infections. Last updated 02.02.2014 [netdoctor.co.uk]

• Guillain-Barré Syndrome

  Mycoplasma atypical pneumonia can be complicated by Stevens–Johnson syndrome, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, cardiovascular diseases, encephalitis, or Guillain–Barré syndrome. [en.wikipedia.org]

  Samukawa M, Hamada Y, Kuwahara M, Takada K, Hirano M, et al. (2013) Clinical features in Guillain-Barré syndrome with anti-Gal-C antibody. J Neurol Sci 337: 55–60. [journals.plos.org]

  Mycoplasma pneumoniae can also trigger Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in infected individuals. In this case, antibodies formed against Mycoplasma not only attack it but also the outer layer of the body’s own nerve cells. [microbeonline.com]

An extensive autoimmune workup was negative and the infectious workup (Table 1) revealed no source. She complained of worsening EN extending to her thighs, a mild productive cough, and a persistent headache. [hindawi.com]

The results of a full uveitis workup were negative for antinuclear antibody, rheumatoid factor, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody, HLA-B27, angiotensin-converting enzyme, Lyme disease, syphilis, and B henselae. [jamanetwork.com]

This case exemplified what is an adequate diagnostic workup for a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis. [pediatrics.aappublications.org]

The routine diagnostic workup of M. pneumoniae encephalitis should therefore aim for the detection of M. pneumoniae antibodies in both CSF and serum, in addition to M. pneumoniae PCR in CSF. [journals.plos.org]

• Pulmonary Infiltrate

  Pulmonary infiltrates visible on chest x-ray films may resemble those of bacterial or viral pneumonia and may persist for 3 weeks in untreated cases. [medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com]

  In 1944, Eaton discovered that sputum and lung tissue from such cases contained an agent that could pass through 45 µm filters permeable to viruses but not bacteria and that caused focal pulmonary infiltrates in rodents ( Eaton et al 1944 ). [medlink.com]

  When the infection progresses to involve the lower respiratory tract, atypical pneumonia with bilateral diffuse pulmonary infiltrates is most common. [cancertherapyadvisor.com]

• Chest X-Ray Abnormal

  Another study by Puljiz et al.[40] found that the commonest chest x-ray abnormality was interstitial infiltrate in 90.48% followed by alveolar infiltrates in 8.84% cases. Pleural effusion was detected in 13 patients (8.84%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• X-Ray Abnormal

  Another study by Puljiz et al.[40] found that the commonest chest x-ray abnormality was interstitial infiltrate in 90.48% followed by alveolar infiltrates in 8.84% cases. Pleural effusion was detected in 13 patients (8.84%). [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

• Mycoplasma Hominis

  hominis/pneumoniae and Ureaplasma urealyticum negative control IgA, IgG, IgM 0.1 ml CI 2201-0101 G antibodies against Mycoplasma hominis IgG positive control IgG 0.1 ml CI 2202-0101 G antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgG positive control IgG [euroimmun.com]

  Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar 16 Sainath Rao S, Raghunathan M: In vitro activity of the new quinolone derivative RD-3 against clinical isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma hominis. J. Antimicrob. [futuremedicine.com]

  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Ureaplasma species. 3. Pathophysiology • The Mycoplasma organism produces a protein that allows • • • • attachment to a receptor on the respiratory epithelium. [pt.slideshare.net]

  The ones you may have to worry about are: Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycoplasma genitalium Mycoplasma hominis Ureaplasma urealyticum Ureaplasma parvum Mycoplasma pneumoniae This type causes lung infections. [webmd.com]

• Complement Fixing Antibody

  Abstract The sera of 30 patients with complement-fixing antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (titres larger than or equal to 32) were treated with staphylococcal protein A. This procedure effectively removed 90 to 95% of the IgG antibodies. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

  Method: Immunoenzymatic method for the semiquantitative determination of complement-fixing antibodies in human serum, using a disposable device applied on the Chorus and Chorus TRIO instruments. [diesse.it]

• Pleural Effusion

  The possibility of Mycoplasma pneumonia should not be dismissed merely because of the severity of the illness or the presence of pleural effusions. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

From our results, we consider that roxithromycin is useful in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

2 probably because the efficacy of macrolides in the treatment of M. pneumoniae remains unclear and treatment recommendations, even in major textbooks, are variable. 4, 10 The available evidence is also conflicting. [doi.org]

The early treatment group had significantly fewer extrapulmonary complications vs the late treatment group. [pulmonologyadvisor.com]

Hypercytokinemia is a useful marker of disease activity and prognosis. Combined treatment with methylprednisolone and erythromycin was successful and led to a favorable outcome. Physicians should be aware of HPS as a complication in Mp infection. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Azithromycin therapy timing is not associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia clinical prognosis in children in high macrolide-resistant M pneumoniae prevalence settings, according to results published in PLoS One. [pulmonologyadvisor.com]

Links: clinical features investigations treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia complications prognosis [gpnotebook.co.uk]

Treatment and prognosis Most patients recover well although a small proportion of patients may develop bronchiectasis in the affected region or Swyer James syndrome. Promoted articles (advertising) [radiopaedia.org]

When young children with Down syndrome develop pneumonia, physicians should consider Mycoplasma pneumoniae as the possible etiologic agent. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Bacterial etiology of acute myringitis in children less than two years of age. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001 Jun. 20(6):607-11. [Medline]. Roberts DB. The etiology of bullous myringitis and the role of mycoplasmas in ear disease: a review. [emedicine.com]

Although there is no pathognomonic clinical or radiographic presentation, careful consideration of epidemiologic, clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data are usually sufficient to suggest the diagnosis in most patients. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Keywords: Atypical bacterial pneumonia, CAP, epidemiology, Mycoplasma pneumoniae. [eurekaselect.com]

Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of community-acquired pneumonia in hospitalized childrenExternal. Pediatrics. 2004;113:701–7. [cdc.gov]

These increased immune responses may be associated with the pathophysiological mechanisms by which the Mycoplasma pneumoniae contribute to the development of wheeze during acute mycoplasma pneumonia. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Pathophysiology[edit] Mycoplasma pneumoniae is spread through respiratory droplet transmission. Once attached to the mucosa of a host organism, M. pneumoniae extracts nutrients, grows, and reproduces by binary fission. [en.wikipedia.org]

Pathophysiology • The Mycoplasma organism produces a protein that allows • • • • attachment to a receptor on the respiratory epithelium. [pt.slideshare.net]

It is not known whether early therapy prevents dreaded complications. Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]

Doctors generally do not prescribe antibiotics to help prevent someone else from getting sick (for example, a close contact of an infected person). [cdc.gov]

Prevention Since M. pneumoniae infections are almost exclusively mild, preventative measures are not normally recommended as necessary. Back to Top [hps.scot.nhs.uk]