Presentation
Moulds and yeast averages presented 3.0 CFU/ml (SD /- 2.0) and 102.9 CFU/ml (SD /- 32.2), respectively. One hundred per cent of the samples presented a most probable number of total and fecal coliforms of 240,000 NMP/100mL. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Entire Body System
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Intermittent Fever
He was admitted in a semi comatosed condition with severe frontal headache, neck stiffness, intermittent fever, nausea, vomiting, left hemiparesis and seizures. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
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Fever of Unknown Origin
Our case involves an adolescent female who presented with fever of unknown origin. A lumbar puncture was performed, and the Wright-Giemsa and Gram stained cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytospin slides showed numerous organisms. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Respiratoric
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Sneezing
The patients affected by PAM do not show any evident clinical signs and symptoms of nasal inflammation, like nasal bleeding, pain, tenderness at the bridge of the nose, sneezing, and/or persistent rhinorrhea before developing signs of meningitis in PAM [doi.org]
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Rhinorrhea
The patients affected by PAM do not show any evident clinical signs and symptoms of nasal inflammation, like nasal bleeding, pain, tenderness at the bridge of the nose, sneezing, and/or persistent rhinorrhea before developing signs of meningitis in PAM [doi.org]
Workup
Microbiology
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Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Only patients with blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid cultures positive for Streptococcus pneumoniae during the same time period were included for comparison. RESULTS: There were 19 cases of PAM and pneumococcal meningitis, each. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
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Toxoplasma Gondii
gondii – pet-carried protozoan that causes the disease toxoplasmosis Vibrio vulnificus – warm saltwater infectious bacteria Naegleria Infection Information Page from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Naegleria General Information from the [en.wikipedia.org]
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Vibrio Vulnificus
vulnificus – warm saltwater infectious bacteria Naegleria Infection Information Page from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Naegleria General Information from the website of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Naegleria from The [en.wikipedia.org]
Treatment
The only reported side effect to treatment was a reduction in leg sensation for two months after discharge, which gradually improved. There was also no detection of Naegleria fowleri 3 days post-treatment 5. [cdc.gov]
These treatments address different aspects of the disease process. Increased understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of PAM is important especially for patients who present with meningitis-like findings during the summer months. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Prognosis
In view of the devastating nature of N. fowleri infection and the problems associated with successful prognosis, here we describe current understanding of the pathogenesis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, as well as factors that affect virulence [caister.com]
This disease shows bad prognosis in humans; the time between contact with the amoebae and the onset of symptoms may vary from 2 to 15 days. Thoracic pain, headache, lethargy and alteration of sense of smell are early symptoms. [scielo.br]
Etiology
N. fowleri is the etiologic agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM), an acute fatal disease of the central nervous system that results in death in approximately seven days. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Epidemiology
The epidemiology, microbiology, diagnostic considerations, and treatment are discussed. Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with meningitis or encephalitis. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Pathophysiology
The present paper provides a review of the recent information on the biology and epidemiology of the disease caused by the amoeba Approaches in the diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of the condition are also discussed. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]
Visvesvara et al. (2007) reviewed the diagnosis and pathophysiology of N. fowler infection, as well as public health strategies for monitoring and control. [eol.org]
With the devastating nature of this disease and problems associated with its chemotherapy, here we describe the clinical features, pathophysiology and risk factors associated with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. 2. [caister.com]
Prevention
Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. 3 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia. [ncbi.nlm.nih.gov]