Presentation
[…] secondary to inhaled allergens Alternate/Historical Names Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (equvalent term) Many allergen specific names, a few of which are: Bird fancier's lung Farmer's lung Hot tub lung Humidifier lung Diagnostic Criteria Clinical May present [surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu]
Antigen present in blood vessel walls, syncytial cell (arrow). Scale bars = 50 µm. [figshare.com]
EST Thursday, Oct. 21 with the exception of research findings presented at IDSA press conferences. [idsa.confex.com]
[…] obliterans Infectious pneumonia – especially M. tuberculosis Usual interstitial pneumonia Desquamative interstitial pneumonia Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia Drug-induced pneumonitis Chronic presentation Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia Unusual [arupconsult.com]
The necrotic exudate that is present in the bronchi and to a lesser extent in the bronchioles is likely associated with coinfection with Mycoplasma bovis. [askjpc.org]
Entire Body System
- Falling
Septal Emphysema with Refractory Pneumothorax in H1N1 Primary Viral Pneumonia Session: Abstracts: Virology: Influenza Friday, October 22, 2010 Background: The novel Influenza A H1N1 2009 pandemic peaked in Lebanon during the fall of 2009. [idsa.confex.com]
[…] insidious and painless and is characterized by progressive symmetric proximal muscle weakness during the course of 3 to 6 months. 3 Patients frequently complain of difficulty walking upstairs, getting up and down from a chair, getting in and out of a car, falling [clinicaladvisor.com]
Fluid glucose levels may be similar to serum glucose levels in acute disease, but typically fall quite low in chronic effusions. [err.ersjournals.com]
- High Fever
Case description An 80-year-old man presented to the emergency department of the General and University Hospital of Careggi, Florence, for high-grade fever (T 39°C), dyspnea and one episode of hemoptysis. [clinicalcasereports.jacobspublishers.com]
Respiratoric
- Aspiration
Cyanosis as a result of impaired pulmonary gas exchange occurs with intrinsic lung disease (pneumonia, atelectasis, aspiration, congenital lobar emphysema, cystic adenomatous malformation, pulmonary edema) or with extrinsic factors inhibiting gas exchange [faculty.georgetown.edu]
Muscles of the throat and upper airway may be affected, resulting in dysphagia, nasal regurgitation of fluids, aspiration, and hoarseness. 3-5 History gathering should solicit the patient’s abilities or limitations with these activities of daily living [clinicaladvisor.com]
Lipoid Pneumonia Aspiration of exogenous lipid (vegetable oils) over an extended period of time. Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma CXR shows focal or diffuse air space changes. [lumen.luc.edu]
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia Bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma Aspiration pneumonia Pulmonary infarction Lymphoma The images on the left show the similarities between chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and organizing pneumonia. [radiologyassistant.nl]
- Rales
Preliminary lung findings were inspiratory rales in both basal areas, decreased diffusion capacity and a radiological picture resembling sarcoidosis. A high-resolution computed tomography scan indicated patchy alveolitis as well. [karger.com]
[…] serum precipitin test, or BAL antibody X-ray or HRCT of chest showing changes consistent with HP BAL lymphocytosis (usually >40%) Histopathological changes on lung biopsy consistent with HP Positive inhalation provocation test Minor criteria Bibasilar rales [arupconsult.com]
- Pulmonary Disorder
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis, represents a group of pulmonary disorders mediated by an inflammatory reaction to inhalation of an allergen. [radiopaedia.org]
Skin
- Sweating
Night sweats. Cough. Anorexia and weight loss. It has the characteristics of an indolent pneumonia that doesn't respond to usual antibiotic therapy. The pneumonic consolidation may spread gradually and undergo cavitation. [patient.info]
Systemic symptoms such as fatigue, night sweats and weight loss are common. Loefgren's syndrome, an acute presentation of sarcoidosis, consists of arthritis, erythema nodosum, bilateral hilar adenopathy and occurs in 9-34% of patients. [radiologyassistant.nl]
- Eruptions
[…] fracture Occlusal Tooth loss Edentulism Tooth wear Abrasion Abfraction Acid erosion Attrition Periodontium ( gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolus ) – Gums and tooth-supporting structures Cementicle Cementoblastoma Gigantiform Cementoma Eruption [en.wikipedia.org]
Psychiatrical
- Suggestibility
Role of the biopsy is to suggest the diagnosis when it was not suspected clinically, to rule out iinfection or to evaluate cases with atypical presentation Most cases are not biopsied Even if the biopsy suggests hypersensitivity pneumonitis, the final [surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu]
2017; American Society for Clinical Pathology) Frequently elevated If CRP not available, order erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) IgE – usually normal Serum precipitating antibodies – testing based on suspected exposure Positive findings are only suggestive [arupconsult.com]
Note the absence of a lymphatic distribution pattern (peribronchovascular and along fissures), which would be suggestive of sarcoidosis. [radiologyassistant.nl]
It has been suggested that dental extractions in females taking oral contraceptives be scheduled on days without estrogen supplementation (typically days 23–28 of the menstrual cycle ). [1] It has also been suggested that teeth to be extracted be scaled [en.wikipedia.org]
This suggests that the shared epitope may have a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, but not necessarily in the development of ILD [ 27 ]. [err.ersjournals.com]
Workup
Biopsy
- Foam Cell
Histology: Alveolar septal thickening with inflammatory cells, intra-alveolar foam macrophages. Diagnosis: Usually by exclusion; compatible clinical picture. [lumen.luc.edu]
Treatment
Amphotericin may be used if initial treatment fails. [ 16 ] Echinocandin derivatives such as caspofungin, micafungin and anidulafungin are effective agents in the treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) refractory to standard treatment, or [patient.info]
[…] and immunoglobulin treatment (400 mg/Kg IV). [clinicalcasereports.jacobspublishers.com]
However, rheumatoid nodules have, at times, been noted to paradoxically enlarge with rheumatoid arthritis treatment, in particular, this has been observed with methotrexate treatment [ 76 ]. [err.ersjournals.com]
Along with a focus on the viruses themselves, it addresses the diseases they cause, current treatments and preventive measures. [books.google.com]
Prognosis
[…] azithromycin or levofloxacin What is the prognosis of mycoplasma? most recover with no sequelae [brainscape.com]
However, when smokers do develop hypersensitivity pneumonitis, it is more commonly fibrosing disease with a worse prognosis 10. [radiopaedia.org]
Prognosis CNPA has a significant mortality of up to 40%, even if promptly recognised and treated. It is easy to miss and, in such cases, carries a worse prognosis. [patient.info]
Centrilobular accentuation of peribronchiolar fibrosis is very suggestive of hypersensitivity pneumonitis Surrounds and may occlude bronchiole Fibrosis may bridge from centrilobular to peripheral zones Fibrosis is generally not reversible and imparts a poor prognosis [surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu]
[…] in response to inhalation of organic antigens • Higher prevalence in farmers, animal breeders, and agricultural industries • Mainly affect Adults (50 – 60 years) • 95% of HP cases occur in nonsmokers – Smoking is related to lower prevalence but worse prognosis [slideshare.net]
Etiology
Clues to these other etiologies are often apparent in the history. [clinicaladvisor.com]
Specific etiology Drug induced: nitrofurantoin Parasite: strongyloides, pulm. larva nigrans, tropical pulm. eosinophilia, histosomiases Fungus: hypersensitivity bronchopulm. aspergillosis, bronchocentric granulomatosis C. [enotes.tripod.com]
However, sarcoidosis does not have such well defined etiology as extrinsic allergic alveolitis. [journalpulmonology.org]
From these observations, it seems reasonable to consider that Wegeners granulomatosis begins as a progressive granulomatous inflammation of unknown etiology at one or more levels in the respiratory tract. [dokumen.tips]
Bronchiolitis obliterans of unknown etiology Bronchiolitis Obliterans and Organizing Pneumonia Also known as BOOP. Steroids effective. [lumen.luc.edu]
Epidemiology
It presents the latest concepts, methods and technologies in epidemiology, detection, investigation, modeling and intervention. [books.google.com]
Aspergilloma Epidemiology Aspergilloma has a variable prevalence depending on the amount of cavitating lung disease affecting a population. [patient.info]
Nature, Epidemiology, genetic diversity, and association of canine circovirus infection in dogs with respiratory disease | Scientific Reports [lalanguefrancaise.com]
Methods Statistics Trigonometry Medical & Nursing Anatomy Anesthesiology Audiology Bacteriology Biochemistry Bioethics Biomedical Science Cardiology Cardiovascular Childbirth Chiropractic Dentistry Dermatology Diagnostic Imaging Drugs Endocrinology Epidemiology [brainscape.com]
Chronic presentation Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia Unusual interstitial pneumonia Bronchiolitis obliterans Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Sarcoidosis Asthma Silicosis Drug-induced pneumonitis Background Epidemiology [arupconsult.com]
Pathophysiology
[…] pneumothorax and passed away .Pneumothoracies occurred at a high frequency, were not readily explained by barotrauma, and were associated with adverse outcome Methods: This prompted us to perform limited cardiopulmonary autopsies to better understand the pathophysiological [idsa.confex.com]
[…] s lung, paprika slicer’s lung, wine maker’s lung, tobacco grower’s lung Animal proteins Pituitary snuff taker’s lung, pigeon breeder's lung, bird fancier’s disease, furrier’s lung, poultry worker's lung Chemicals Bathtub finisher's lung, Coptic lung Pathophysiology [arupconsult.com]
From a pathophysiological point of view HP with DAH is most likely due to immune complex mediated necrotizing alveolitis and bronchiolitis. [clinicalcasereports.jacobspublishers.com]
Pathophysiology In a healthy, immunocompetent individual, macrophages and neutrophils normally defend against the inhaled fungus. [patient.info]
Prevention
Along with a focus on the viruses themselves, it addresses the diseases they cause, current treatments and preventive measures. [books.google.com]
Therefore, cold fluids and foods are encouraged, which facilitate clot formation and prevent its disintegration. Avoiding smoking. [en.wikipedia.org]
Prevention: Quarantine new animals, minimize overcrowding, provide good sanitation. References ↑ Mansfield KG, King N. (1998) Viral Diseases In: Bennett B, Abee CR,Henrickson RV, eds. Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Diseases. [vetbook.org]
Management Due to its high morbidity and mortality, prevention in susceptible patients is always better (see below). [patient.info]